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Visualizing Character Strings in Different Colors with D3.js

I want to create a better visualization than the one you can see in the image:
Currently, this is a HTML page with spans as rectangles. Of course I got follow this way to get a more dynamic presentation of the data. But I'm curious, if this can be done with D3.js in a better way.
Is there a chart/visualization type that can be used to achieve this?

How can I style scale numbers in a Polar Area chart (chart.js)

I'm currently using a Polar Area chart from the chart.js lib, and I'm looking to style the scale numbers via CSS.
Below are two examples:
What it currently looks like:
What I want it to look like:
I'm not sure how to access those elements and apply CSS to them.
Some help to understand that process would be much appreciated.
Thanks! 😀

Charts.js produces a bit mapped image of a chart on a canvas element. Canvas elements are not subdivided into component elements that can individually styled using CSS (which is used for styling document elements in the DOM).
Styling of chart elements is actually achieved using canvas drawing options when the element is painted. Charts.js allows you to specify these.
A quick tour of documentation suggests you can specify the appearance of legend text using legend configuration options.
Worth looing into, the HTML legend call back may provide the means of making painted legends respond to CSS styling. See this related question Custom Legend with ChartJS v2.0

Dataset where nodes sometimes have multiple parents, how can I display it in a tree-like manner? (d3.js or something similiar)

I have a dataset similar to the image above and I also want to present it similar to how it's done in the image, basically it's nodes with multiple parents.
So far I've been using d3.js and displaying it with a force layout, so it's displayed something like this: http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4062045 , but I want it displayed more like this: http://mbostock.github.io/d3/talk/20111018/tree.html but where nodes can have multiple parents instead of just one.
Is that possible d3.js? And if not, what I can I use?
Also, does such a graph have a name?

The sankey diagram layout might be what you are looking for. You can find the source code
on github.
One improvement you can make to have the diagram look more like a tree is to change the size of the links in order to have lines.
The diagram looks like this in the end:

d3js Tree square

I would like to use d3.js to build a pedigree tree.
All exemples that I found are showcasing organic trees.
Are there any exemples out there with a pedigree like style ?

You could accomplish this using either the cluster or tree layouts. And using a custom path generator to draw orthogonal lines connecting nodes, as in this elbow dendrogram. I guess I was feeling inspired so I gave it a shot:
http://bl.ocks.org/2966094

I recently created some examples of using D3 to draw pedigrees in the style that most software does. There are examples for showing how to make it expand and collapse, transitions, and showing descendants as well as ancestors.

d3.js changing style of diagonal line

I am brand new to working with with d3.js
I am trying to change the style of the links in the interactive-tree example that comes packaged with d3.js
https://github.com/mbostock/d3/blob/master/examples/tree/tree-interactive.html
they are currently beziers, and I would like them to be angular, i.e. visio class diagram style connections.
seems that there needs to be some extra definition of the diagonal around lines 42-43, but I can't tell from the documentation what that would be.
any help is most appreciated.

You can't do that with d3.svg.diagonal. Have a look at d3.svg.line and in particular the interpolate function.