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Javascript shell command execution from Firefox web extensions

It's been noticed by all web extension developers that Firefox is going to stop SDK support (API that allows shell execution in client side) and will only accept web extensions.
Due to above-mentioned changes, I'm trying to get a shell command executed by javascript code in Firefox's web extensions' API.
I'm dealing with a web page that executes the web extension (I solved it by using javascript events), but the real trouble is that I need to execute a shell command in the javascript main code to open client programs such as LibreOffice or a background Java code and I don't know how to achieve it.
It's also necessary to execute these shell commands on Windows, OSX and Linux.

You can't directly run a shell command but native messaging lets you exchange messages with a specific native application that could launch other applications on your extension's behalf:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Add-ons/WebExtensions/Native_messaging

Can I make a socket connection through Javascript

What I want to do
Make a simple socket connection to a server on the browser. I want to not send any header information with the socket connection.
The Problem
It looks like I am unable to make a socket connection with javascript that does not send header data (Is there a way to do a tcp connection to an IP with javascript?).
I thought maybe I could make a connection with a chrome extension, however it looks like the socket API is only available for chrome apps (Google Chrome Socket API in extensions).
I am thinking that I might need to make a native application that will make socket connections through requests made by the browser using Native Messaging.
Is there anyway I can achieve this or am I out of luck?

Raw socket connections through the browser are wrapped up in security concerns. Users can be easily manipulated to allow things to run that shouldn't.
TCP and UDP Socket API
W3C Editor's Draft 20 January 2016
is located here.
http://raw-sockets.sysapps.org/
Mozilla's API information here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Archive/B2G_OS/API/TCPSocket "This API is available on Firefox OS for privileged or certified applications only."
If you work with raw TCP connections. I would suggest
(1) downloading PHP onto the local computer. PHP has a developer web host build in so you can run whatever application you want on PHP using the browser as your GUI.
(2) download node.js.

You are not out of luck you just need to achieve it with the understanding that you are working outside the box for normal browser based scripting created from security concerns, and that means the user/client needs to install something manually.
If you must use chrome browser on the client side, you will need to make an -extension- correction webapp. You can as a developer make one that you can use on your own computers.
https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/getstarted
https://developer.chrome.com/apps/first_app
Load the extension#
Extensions that you download from the Chrome Web
Store are packaged up as .crx files, which is great for distribution,
but not so great for development. Recognizing this, Chrome gives you a
quick way of loading up your working directory for testing. Let's do
that now.
Visit chrome://extensions in your browser (or open up the Chrome menu
by clicking the icon to the far right of the Omnibox: The menu's icon
is three horizontal bars. and select Extensions under the Tools menu
to get to the same place).
Ensure that the Developer mode checkbox in the top right-hand corner
is checked.
Click Load unpacked extension… to pop up a file-selection dialog.
Navigate to the directory in which your extension files live, and
select it.
Alternatively, you can drag and drop the directory where your
extension files live onto chrome://extensions in your browser to load
it.
If the extension is valid, it'll be loaded up and active right away!
If it's invalid, an error message will be displayed at the top of the
page. Correct the error, and try again.
This insures that non developers don't load an extension which does not comply with the normal security concerns.
Communicating between with the script on the web page to the extension.
Can be done with message passing ... https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/messaging
The extension can add content directly to the web page which is available to the script on the web page. If for example the extension replaced the web cam image with a static image when the webcam script reads what it believes is the webcam it gets the static image instead, which explains why I look like an alien from space on the webcam. Although I did not create an extension to do that, I merely modified an existing extension to replace the function that gets the webcam image with a function to get a static image.

You can use SignalR, it is javascript library (JQuery Plugin) and it enables you to open web sockets from the browser to a server. Please check the following links:
https://blog.3d-logic.com/2015/03/29/signalr-on-the-wire-an-informal-description-of-the-signalr-protocol/
http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/an-introduction-to-websockets
https://github.com/SignalR/SignalR

Launching a desktop application from a browser(client web page)

I need to launch an application which is installed in the client machine when the user clicks the link in the client webpage from browser. for instance like launching the Goto meeting application from the client machine when clicking the URL link if installed else providing the download link.
I tried with ActiveXobject approach which works only with IE browser.And also check with FileAPI.
In the following link they mentioned about using Asynchronous Pluggable Protocol Handler. Since I'm new to it. Can you please guide me where to start.
Launch application from a browser
About the environment. My server application is in Asp.Net MVC platform.
Thanks in advance

Since the browser prohibits you from executing anything locally I think the best way to solve your problem would be to create Chrome/Firefox extensions.
Extensions are not bound and can be executed locally.

View internal networkrequests in windows 8 javascript

I'm helping a developer who has build a website and wants to port it to a windows 8 application. The application has to be build with html and javascript. I got it running, but for some reason requireJS with i18n won't work correctly. Most of the time it does it's job, but some variables won't load the correct information. In a webbrowser I would look at the network request to see what is happening.
Is there a way to see the network requests a windows 8 application does?
*I've tried using fiddler, but it only shows outgoing information. Not the information request information from inside the application.

How to load Firefox with javascript disable when running Selenium Webdriver (Python) tests?

I heard one can load a custom Firefox profile when starting webdriver, but I've yet to find a way to do that. The Python binding documentation doesn't state it very clearly.
I need to start up Firefox without JS because the site I'm testing has a lot of ads injected by Google and some are very slow to load, making the tests slow as well because it waits for all the page objects to finish loading.

You can use the -firefoxProfileTemplate command line option when starting the Selenium server. But it seems rather counterproductive to disable javascript when testing how browsers behave on your site (unless your site doesn't have any scripts of its own) - you should rather use adblock, or disable the IP used by Google ads in the hosts file of the Selenium server, or set a custom useragent for Selenium tests and don't load ads based on that.