I want to rotate a bone so it is aligned with a Vector3 (directionToTarget), I have:
const directionToTarget = new THREE.Vector3(random, random, random); //pseudocode randoms
directionToTarget.normalize();
var Hand2worldQ = new THREE.Quaternion();
this._anchor['LeftHandIndex1'].getWorldQuaternion(Hand2worldQ); // gets Lefthand bone quaternion
this._mesh.skeleton.bones[ 0 ].quaternion.set( SomeFunctionThatMakesVecintoQuarternion(directionToTarget );
// this._mesh.skeleton.bones inherits Hand2worldQ/LeftHand rotation
SomeFunctionThatMakesVec3intoQuarternion(directionToTarget ) is what i need
Object3D starts by looking down the 0, 0, 1 axis. You can use the Object3D.lookAt() method to make this object point towards your target vector. Then you can extract that rotation and use it for whatever else you need:
// Initialize an abstract object looking towards 0, 0, 1
const object3D = new THREE.Object3D();
// Rotate it so it looks towards the target xyz coordinates
object3D.lookAt(randomX, randomY, randomZ);
// This will now have the final rotation
const myQuaternion = object3D.quaternion;
console.log(myQuaternion);
Related
I'm trying to make a box in THREE that represents a box of 2x4 Legos, 24 pieces wide by 48 pieces long and and arbitrary number of pieces tall. I've generated a texture that shows this pattern using random colors:
I need to show two sides this cube, but the textures have to align so that the pieces on the edges are the same colors, like so (generated in Blender):
I'd really prefer not to make six images for a CubeTexture, particularly since four are not visible. Is it possible to flip the texture on one side so that they appear to align? (We're just going for visual effect here.)
Further, not all 3D rectangles will be cubes, but I can't quite figure out how to set the texture.repeat.x and texture.repeat.y so that the x is scaled correctly and the y is at the same scale, but just cuts off when the height of the object ends, like so:
Thanks!
You can flip an image by flipping the UVs.
You'll need to figure out which UVs correspond to the face you're trying to mirror, and which direction to flip them (not sure how your geometry is created).
Here's an example using a basic BoxBufferGeometry and modifying its uv attribute. (The face on the right is the mirrored-by-UV-flipping face.)
var textureURL = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Triangular_hebesphenorotunda.png";
// attribution and license here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triangular_hebesphenorotunda.png
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias:true});
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
renderer.setSize(500, 500);
var textureLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader();
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(28, 1, 1, 1000);
camera.position.set(50, 25, 50);
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
scene.add(camera);
camera.add(new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff, 1, Infinity));
var cubeGeo = new THREE.BoxBufferGeometry(20, 20, 20);
var uvs = cubeGeo.attributes.uv;
// originally:
// [0] = 0,1
// [1] = 1,1
// [2] = 0,0
// [3] = 1,0
// convert to:
// [0] = 1,1
// [1] = 0,1
// [2] = 1,0
// [3] = 0.0
uvs.setX(0, 1);
uvs.setY(0, 1);
uvs.setX(1, 0);
uvs.setY(1, 1);
uvs.setX(2, 1);
uvs.setY(2, 0);
uvs.setX(3, 0);
uvs.setY(3, 0);
uvs.needsUpdate = true;
var mat = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({
color: "white",
map: textureLoader.load(textureURL, function(){
animate();
})
});
var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeo, mat);
scene.add(mesh);
function render() {
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function animate() {
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
render();
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/91/three.min.js"></script>
You can create six PlaneBufferGeometries assign the same material, and then position them to form a cube. Rotate them in 90deg increments until you reach the desired result. For performance reasons, you could merge these back into a single BufferGeometry.
You can export the model you made in blender, either using the THREE.js json exporter, or a format like OBJ or GLTF, and load and render it directly.
What you are talking about is simply having the UV's laid out the way you have them in blender.. so if you need that level of control.. it's probably easier to just load the model instead of trying to generate it.
If you use either three.js .json or .gltf, both exporters have an option to embed the textures directly in the export. This can make it easier to get things working quicker, at the expense of possibly less efficient storage.
I have objects which each have a separate parent for each rotation axis (1 for X-rotation, 1 for Y-rotation, and 1 for Z-rotation. They are all related to each other in that order as well: X-rotation object is a child of the Y-rotation object. Y-rotation object is a child of the Z-rotation object).
I'm trying to make a feature which allows users to rotate all objects in the scene together (they are all contained in a single Object3D). When that Object3D is rotated, the program must find all of the objects' absolute positions and rotations relative to the world so that the program can output the new values for each object.
To do this, I currently have it setup to move the object so that its position inside the "scene-rotator", which is an Object3D, is set to its absolute position relative to the world. Now, I'm trying to make the rotation of the object become the absolute rotation of the object relative to the world, so that it changes accordingly when the "scene-rotator"'s rotation is changed. Also, the setFromRotationMatrix method was not working correctly when I tried just running it once on the child object, so instead, I had to run it again for each parent object and get each separate rotation from them accordingly
This is the code that I currently have which is supposed to get the absolute rotation of the object relative to the world:
var beforeRotForX = new THREE.Euler();
beforeRotForX.setFromRotationMatrix(objects[i].parent.matrixWorld, "ZYX");
var beforeRotForY = new THREE.Euler(); // Had to be a separate one for some reason...
beforeRotForY.setFromRotationMatrix(objects[i].parent.parent.matrixWorld, "ZYX");
var beforeRotForZ = new THREE.Euler(); // And apparently this one has to be separate too
beforeRotForZ.setFromRotationMatrix(objects[i].parent.parent.parent.matrixWorld, "ZYX");
// Absolute before rotation
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs = {
x: beforeRotForX.x,
y: beforeRotForY.y,
z: beforeRotForZ.z
};
Then, it must apply that absolute rotation to the relative rotation of the object
objects[i].parent.rotation.x = objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.x;
objects[i].parent.parent.rotation.y = objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.y;
objects[i].parent.parent.parent.rotation.z = objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.z;
This all works fine when the Y-rotation of the second parent is within -90 through 90
// Results of absolute world rotation when the Y-rotation of the
// second parent is set to 90 degrees (1.5707... as euler)
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.x === 0
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.y === 1.5707963267948966
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.z === 0
but when the Y-rotation of the second parent is below -90 or greater than 90, then it gives the wrong value for the absolute world X-rotation and Y-rotation as a result
// Results of absolute world rotation when the Y-rotation of the
// second parent is set to 91 degrees (1.5882... as euler)
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.x === 3.141592653589793
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.y === 1.5533438924131038
objects[i].userData.sceneBeforeRotAbs.z === 0
You're running into gimbal lock. When using euler angles you'll always run into gimbal lock issues, and you'll encounter unexpected behavior when applying multiple rotations.
For example, in 2D space, a 30° rotation is the same as a -330° rotation. In 3D space, you can get the same problem: rotating an object 180° in the X-axis is the same as giving it a 180° Y-axis + 180° Z-axis rotation.
You should declare your rotations using quaternions, and then multiply them together to get the desired result without gimbal lock issues.
// Declare angles
var angleX = 45;
var angleY = 120;
var angleZ = 78;
// Declare X and Y axes
var axisX = new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0);
var axisY = new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0);
var axisZ = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1);
// Init quaternions that will rotate along each axis
var quatX = new THREE.Quaternion();
var quatY = new THREE.Quaternion();
var quatZ = new THREE.Quaternion();
// Set quaternions from each axis (in radians)...
quatX.setFromAxisAngle(axisX, THREE.Math.degToRad(angleX));
quatY.setFromAxisAngle(axisY, THREE.Math.degToRad(angleY));
quatZ.setFromAxisAngle(axisZ, THREE.Math.degToRad(angleZ));
// ...then multiply them to get final rotation
quatY.multiply(quatX);
quatZ.multiply(quatY);
// Apply multiplied rotation to your mesh
mesh.quaternion.copy(quatZ);
I'm new on Three.js and despite a mechanical background, I can't find how quaternion works: it's like it always refers on local part referential and not the global one.
I've illustrated it here : http://jsfiddle.net/ehsktuj2/10/
function applyRotation(){
var redRotationQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
redRotationQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( new THREE.Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ), control.rotationSpeedRedY );
applyQuaternion(_cubeRed, redRotationQuaternion);
var greenRotationQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
greenRotationQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( new THREE.Vector3( 0, 0, 1 ), control.rotationSpeedGreenZ );
applyQuaternion(_cubeGreen, greenRotationQuaternion);
}
function applyQuaternion(cube, quaternion){
var cubeQuaternion = cube.quaternion;
cubeQuaternion.multiplyQuaternions(quaternion, cubeQuaternion);
cubeQuaternion.normalize();
}
The rotation quaternion of the green box is via the vector (0,0,1) but it's not in the global referential, it's the one of the projected referential of the green cube.
How can I project the quaternion back on the global referential? So that the green cube rotates via the (0,0,1) vector of the scene?
Example JSfiddle
I can get my cone to point at each target sphere in turn (red,green,yellow,blue) using the THREE.js "lookAt" function.
// Initialisation
c_geometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(3, 40, 120, 40, 10, false);
c_geometry.applyMatrix( new THREE.Matrix4().makeRotationX( Math.PI / 2 ) );
c_material = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial()
myCone = new THREE.Mesh(c_geometry, c_material);
scene.add(myCone);
// Application (within the Animation loop)
myCone.lookAt(target.position);
But now I want the cone to pan smoothly and slowly from the old target to the new target. I guess that I can do it by computing intermediate points on the circular arc which is centred at the cone centre Cxyz and which passes from the previous target position Pxyz to the new target position Nxyz.
Please can someone point me to suitable: (a) utilities or (b) trigonometry algorithms or (c) code examples for calculating the xyz coordinates of the intermediate points on such an arc? (I will supply the angular increment between points based on desired sweep rate and time interval between frames).
You want to smoothly transition from one orientation to another.
In your case, you would pre-calculate the target quaternions:
myCone.lookAt( s1.position );
q1 = new THREE.Quaternion().copy( myCone.quaternion );
myCone.lookAt( s2.position );
q2 = new THREE.Quaternion().copy( myCone.quaternion );
Then, in your render loop:
myCone.quaternion.slerpQuaternions( q1, q2, time ); // 0 < time < 1
three.js r.141
For those of you looking to lerp position and lookAt, you can create a initial lookAt target from the current look direction and lerp that towards the final target:
function MoveWhileLookingAt(object: Object3D, destination: Vector3, lookAt: Vector3){
const fromPosition = object.position.clone();
const fromLookAt = new Vector3(
0,
.1, // To avoid initial camera flip on certain starting points (like top down view)
-object.position.distanceTo(lookAt) // THREE.Camera looks down negative Z. Remove the minus if working with a regular object.
);
object.localToWorld(fromLookAt);
const tempTarget = fromLookAt.clone();
function LookAtLerp(alpha: number){
// This goes in your render loop
object.position.lerpVectors(fromPosition, destination, alpha);
tempTarget.lerpVectors(fromLookAt, lookAt, alpha);
object.lookAt(tempTarget);
}
}
I don’t understand how normals are computed in threejs.
Here is my problem :
I create a simple plane
var plane = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 100, 10, 10);
var material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial();
material.setValues({side: THREE.DoubleSide, color: 0xaabbcc});
var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(plane, material);
mesh.rotateY(Math.PI / 2);
scene.add(mesh);
When I read the normal of this plane, I get (0, 0, 1).
But the plane is parallel to the z axis so the value is wrong.
I tried adding
mesh.geometry.computeFaceNormals();
mesh.geometry.computeVertexNormals();
but I still get the same result.
Did I miss anything ?
How can I get correct values for normals from threejs ?
Thanks.
Geometry normals are in object space. To transform them to world space, first make sure the object matrix is updated.
object.updateMatrixWorld();
(The renderer does this for you in each render loop, so you may be able to skip this step.)
Then, compute the normal matrix:
var normalMatrix = new THREE.Matrix3().getNormalMatrix( object.matrixWorld );
Now transform the normal to world space like so:
var newNormal = normal.clone().applyMatrix3( normalMatrix ).normalize();
three.js r.66