Related
UPDATE: This has been submitted as a WebKit bug report: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=246498
UPDATE: I added a code snippet with contributions by #Kaiido, the bug is more apparent on his example fiddle.
I've been experiencing a very weird HTML5 2D Canvas issue in Safari that is not present in Chrome or Firefox. This has started affecting a website that has been in production for 5 years.
I have canvas drawing code like this, which produces a flicker in some of the lines where color is not correctly applied:
const canvasWidth = 600;
const gapBetweenLines = 5;
const nbrLines = canvasWidth / gapBetweenLines;
const canvasHeight = 100;
const canvas = document.getElementById('map');
canvas.width = canvasWidth;
canvas.height = canvasHeight;
// create an array of line objects, each with a with random color
let lines = [];
for (let i = 0; i < nbrLines; i++) {
lines.push({
index: i,
x: i * gapBetweenLines,
color: '#' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 16777215).toString(16)
// force always 6 length
.padStart(6, "0")
});
}
// function to shuffle the given array in place
function shuffle(array) {
for (let i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
[array[i], array[j]] = [array[j], array[i]];
}
}
// draw lines on the canvas at specific intervals with the random colors
function drawLines() {
const shuffledLines = [...lines];
shuffle(shuffledLines);
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
for (let i = 0; i < nbrLines; i++) {
const line = shuffledLines[i];
ctx.strokeStyle = line.color;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(line.x, 0);
ctx.lineTo(line.x, canvasHeight);
ctx.stroke();
}
}
// call the drawLines function every 100ms
setInterval(drawLines, 200);
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Flickering Lines</h1>
<canvas id="map"></canvas>
<div id="lineinfo"></div>
</body>
</html>
In Safari, the stroke colors do not consistently change to their proper strokeStyle value. It behaves as if some of the strokeStyle assignments are being ignored. All the lines draw, but many of them retain the color from prior loop iterations.
This seems like a fairly basic use case for stroke(), so I cannot figure out what I may be doing wrong here; any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
I'm developing an app that has a painting feature. The user can paint on an image that is initially made of only pure black and pure white pixels. Later, after the user has finished painting, I need to do some processing on that image based on the colors of each pixel.
However, I realized that by the time I processed the image, the pixels weren't purely black/white anymore, but there were lots of greys in between, even if the user didn't paint anything. I wrote some code to check it and found out there were over 250 different colors on the image, while I was expecting only two (black and white). I suspect canvas is messing with my colors somehow, but I can't figure out why.
I hosted a demo on GitHub, showcasing the problem.
The image
This is the image. It is visibly made of only black and white pixels, but if you want to check by yourself you can use this website. It's source code is available on GitHub and I used it as a reference for my own color counting implementation.
My code
Here is the code where I load the image and count the unique colors. You can get the full source here.
class AppComponent {
/* ... */
// Rendering the image
ngAfterViewInit() {
this.context = this.canvas.nativeElement.getContext('2d');
const image = new Image();
image.src = 'assets/image.png';
image.onload = () => {
if (!this.context) return;
this.context.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-over';
this.context.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this.width, this.height);
};
}
// Counting unique colors
calculate() {
const imageData = this.context?.getImageData(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
const data = imageData?.data || [];
const uniqueColors = new Set();
for (let i = 0; i < data?.length; i += 4) {
const [red, green, blue, alpha] = data.slice(i, i + 4);
const color = `rgba(${red}, ${green}, ${blue}, ${alpha})`;
uniqueColors.add(color);
}
this.uniqueColors = String(uniqueColors.size);
}
This is the implementation from the other site:
function countPixels(data) {
const colorCounts = {};
for(let index = 0; index < data.length; index += 4) {
const rgba = `rgba(${data[index]}, ${data[index + 1]}, ${data[index + 2]}, ${(data[index + 3] / 255)})`;
if (rgba in colorCounts) {
colorCounts[rgba] += 1;
} else {
colorCounts[rgba] = 1;
}
}
return colorCounts;
}
As you can see, besides the implementations being similar, they output very different results - my site says I have 256 unique colors, while the other says there's only two. I also tried to just copy and paste the implementation but I got the same 256. That's why I imagine the problem is in my canvas, but I can't figure out what's going on.
You are scaling your image, and since you didn't tell which interpolation algorithm to use, a default smoothing one is being used.
This will make all the pixels that were on fixed boundaries and should now span on multiple pixels to be "mixed" with their white neighbors and produce shades of gray.
There is an imageSmoothingEnabled property that tells the browser to use a closest-neighbor algorithm, which will improve the situation, but even then you may not have a perfect result:
const canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
const width = canvas.width = innerWidth;
const height = canvas.height = innerHeight;
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
const img = new Image();
img.crossOrigin = "anonymous";
img.src = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ajsaraujo/unique-color-count-mre/master/src/assets/image.png";
img.decode().then(() => {
ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, width, height);
const data = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, width, height).data;
const pixels = new Set(new Uint32Array(data.buffer));
console.log(pixels.size);
});
<canvas></canvas>
So the best would be to not scale your image, or to do so in a computer friendly fashion (using a factor that is a multiple of 2).
Is there a default way of drawing an SVG file onto a HTML5 canvas? Google Chrome supports loading the SVG as an image (and simply using drawImage), but the developer console does warn that resource interpreted as image but transferred with MIME type image/svg+xml.
I know that a possibility would be to convert the SVG to canvas commands (like in this question), but I'm hoping that's not needed. I don't care about older browsers (so if FireFox 4 and IE 9 will support something, that's good enough).
EDIT: Dec 2019
The Path2D() constructor is supported by all major browsers now, "allowing path objects to be declared on 2D canvas surfaces".
EDIT: Nov 2014
You can now use ctx.drawImage to draw HTMLImageElements that have a .svg source in some but not all browsers (75% coverage: Chrome, IE11, and Safari work, Firefox works with some bugs, but nightly has fixed them).
var img = new Image();
img.onload = function() {
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
}
img.src = "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Svg_example_square.svg";
Live example here. You should see a green square in the canvas. The second green square on the page is the same <svg> element inserted into the DOM for reference.
You can also use the new Path2D objects to draw SVG (string) paths. In other words, you can write:
var path = new Path2D('M 100,100 h 50 v 50 h 50');
ctx.stroke(path);
Live example of that here.
Original 2010 answer:
There's nothing native that allows you to natively use SVG paths in canvas. You must convert yourself or use a library to do it for you.
I'd suggest looking in to canvg: (check homepage & demos)
canvg takes the URL to an SVG file, or the text of the SVG file, parses it in JavaScript and renders the result on Canvas.
Further to #Matyas answer: if the svg's image is also in base64, it will be drawn to the output.
Demo:
var svg = document.querySelector('svg');
var img = document.querySelector('img');
var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
// get svg data
var xml = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(svg);
// make it base64
var svg64 = btoa(xml);
var b64Start = 'data:image/svg+xml;base64,';
// prepend a "header"
var image64 = b64Start + svg64;
// set it as the source of the img element
img.onload = function() {
// draw the image onto the canvas
canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(img, 0, 0);
}
img.src = image64;
svg, img, canvas {
display: block;
}
SVG
<svg height="40" width="40">
<rect width="40" height="40" style="fill:rgb(255,0,255);" />
<image xlink:href="data:image/png;base64,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" height="20px" width="20px" x="10" y="10"></image></svg><br/>
IMAGE
<img/><br/>
CANVAS
<canvas></canvas><br/>
You can easily draw simple svgs onto a canvas by:
Assigning the source of the svg to an image in base64 format
Drawing the image onto a canvas
Note: The only drawback of the method is that it cannot draw images embedded in the svg. (see demo)
Demonstration:
(Note that the embedded image is only visible in the svg)
var svg = document.querySelector('svg');
var img = document.querySelector('img');
var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
// get svg data
var xml = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(svg);
// make it base64
var svg64 = btoa(xml);
var b64Start = 'data:image/svg+xml;base64,';
// prepend a "header"
var image64 = b64Start + svg64;
// set it as the source of the img element
img.src = image64;
// draw the image onto the canvas
canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(img, 0, 0);
svg, img, canvas {
display: block;
}
SVG
<svg height="40">
<rect width="40" height="40" style="fill:rgb(255,0,255);" />
<image xlink:href="https://en.gravatar.com/userimage/16084558/1a38852cf33713b48da096c8dc72c338.png?size=20" height="20px" width="20px" x="10" y="10"></image>
</svg>
<hr/><br/>
IMAGE
<img/>
<hr/><br/>
CANVAS
<canvas></canvas>
<hr/><br/>
Mozilla has a simple way for drawing SVG on canvas called "Drawing DOM objects into a canvas"
As Simon says above, using drawImage shouldn't work. But, using the canvg library and:
var c = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = c.getContext('2d');
ctx.drawSvg(SVG_XML_OR_PATH_TO_SVG, dx, dy, dw, dh);
This comes from the link Simon provides above, which has a number of other suggestions and points out that you want to either link to, or download canvg.js and rgbcolor.js. These allow you to manipulate and load an SVG, either via URL or using inline SVG code between svg tags, within JavaScript functions.
Something to add, to show the svg correctly in canvas element add the attributes height and width to svg root element, Eg:
<svg height="256" width="421">...</svg>
Or
// Use this if to add the attributes programmatically
const svg = document.querySelector("#your-svg");
svg.setAttribute("width", `${width}`);
svg.setAttribute("height", `${height}`);
For more details see this
As vector graphics are meant to be potentially scaled, I will offer a method I have made that is as similar to SVG as possible. This method supports:
A resizable canvas
Transparency
Hi-resolution graphics (automatically, but no pinch support yet)
Scaling of the SVG in both directions! (To do this with pixels, you will have to divide the new length by the old one)
This is done by converting the SVG to canvas functions here, then adding that to svgRed() (after changing the name of ctx to ctx2. The svgRed() function is used on startup and during pixel ratio changes (for example, increasing the zoom), but not before the canvas is scaled (in order to increase the size of the image). It converts the result into an Image, and can be called any time by ctx.drawImage(redBalloon, Math.round(Math.random() * w), Math.round(Math.random() * h)). To clear the screen, use ctx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h) to do so.
Testing this with the SVG, I found that this is many times faster, as long as the zoom is not set to large values (I discovered that a window.devicePixelRatio of 5 gives just over twice the speed as an SVG, and a window.devicePixelRatio of 1 is approximately 60 times faster).
This also has the bonus benefit of allowing many "fake SVG" items to exist simultaneously, without messing with the HTML (this is shown in the code below). If the screen is resized or scaled, you will need to render it again (completely ignored in my example).
The canvas showing the result is scaled down (in pixels) by the devicePixelRatio, so be careful when drawing items! Scaling (with ctx.scale() this canvas will result in a potentially blurry image, so be sure to account for the pixel difference!
NOTE: It seems that the browser takes a while to optimize the image after the devicePixelRatio has changed (around a second sometimes), so it may not be a good idea to spam the canvas with images immediately, as the example shows.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<title>Balloons</title>
<style>
* {
user-select: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
}
body {
background-color: #303030;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas2" style="display: none" width="0" height="0"></canvas>
<canvas id="canvas"
style="position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; background-color: #606060; border-radius: 25px;" width="0"
height="0"></canvas>
<script>
// disable pinches: hard to implement resizing
document.addEventListener("touchstart", function (e) {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
e.preventDefault()
}
}, { passive: false })
document.addEventListener("touchmove", function (e) {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
e.preventDefault()
}
}, { passive: false })
// disable trackpad zooming
document.addEventListener("wheel", e => {
if (e.ctrlKey) {
e.preventDefault()
}
}, {
passive: false
})
// This is the canvas that shows the result
const canvas = document.getElementById("canvas")
// This canvas is hidden and renders the balloon in the background
const canvas2 = document.getElementById("canvas2")
// Get contexts
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d")
const ctx2 = canvas2.getContext("2d")
// Scale the graphic, if you want
const scaleX = 1
const scaleY = 1
// Set up parameters
var prevRatio, w, h, trueW, trueH, ratio, redBalloon
function draw() {
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ctx.drawImage(redBalloon, Math.round(Math.random() * w), Math.round(Math.random() * h))
}
requestAnimationFrame(draw)
}
// Updates graphics and canvas.
function updateSvg() {
var pW = trueW
var pH = trueH
trueW = window.innerWidth - 40
trueH = Math.max(window.innerHeight - 40, 0)
ratio = window.devicePixelRatio
w = trueW * ratio
h = trueH * ratio
if (trueW === 0 || trueH === 0) {
canvas.width = 0
canvas.height = 0
canvas.style.width = "0px"
canvas.style.height = "0px"
return
}
if (trueW !== pW || trueH !== pH || ratio !== prevRatio) {
canvas.width = w
canvas.height = h
canvas.style.width = trueW + "px"
canvas.style.height = trueH + "px"
if (prevRatio !== ratio) {
// Update graphic
redBalloon = svgRed()
// Set new ratio
prevRatio = ratio
}
}
}
window.onresize = updateSvg
updateSvg()
draw()
// The vector graphic (you may want to manually tweak the coordinates if they are slightly off (such as changing 25.240999999999997 to 25.241)
function svgRed() {
// Scale the hidden canvas
canvas2.width = Math.round(44 * ratio * scaleX)
canvas2.height = Math.round(65 * ratio * scaleY)
ctx2.scale(ratio * scaleX, ratio * scaleY)
// Draw the graphic
ctx2.save()
ctx2.beginPath()
ctx2.moveTo(0, 0)
ctx2.lineTo(44, 0)
ctx2.lineTo(44, 65)
ctx2.lineTo(0, 65)
ctx2.closePath()
ctx2.clip()
ctx2.strokeStyle = '#0000'
ctx2.lineCap = 'butt'
ctx2.lineJoin = 'miter'
ctx2.miterLimit = 4
ctx2.save()
ctx2.beginPath()
ctx2.moveTo(0, 0)
ctx2.lineTo(44, 0)
ctx2.lineTo(44, 65)
ctx2.lineTo(0, 65)
ctx2.closePath()
ctx2.clip()
ctx2.save()
ctx2.fillStyle = "#e02f2f"
ctx2.beginPath()
ctx2.moveTo(27, 65)
ctx2.lineTo(22.9, 61.9)
ctx2.lineTo(21.9, 61)
ctx2.lineTo(21.1, 61.6)
ctx2.lineTo(17, 65)
ctx2.lineTo(27, 65)
ctx2.closePath()
ctx2.moveTo(21.8, 61)
ctx2.lineTo(21.1, 60.5)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(13.4, 54.2, 0, 41.5, 0, 28)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(0, 9.3, 12.1, 0.4, 21.9, 0)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(33.8, -0.5, 45.1, 10.6, 43.9, 28)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(43, 40.8, 30.3, 53.6, 22.8, 60.2)
ctx2.lineTo(21.8, 61)
ctx2.fill()
ctx2.stroke()
ctx2.restore()
ctx2.save()
ctx2.fillStyle = "#f59595"
ctx2.beginPath()
ctx2.moveTo(18.5, 7)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(15.3, 7, 5, 11.5, 5, 26.3)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(5, 38, 16.9, 50.4, 19, 54)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(19, 54, 9, 38, 9, 28)
ctx2.bezierCurveTo(9, 17.3, 15.3, 9.2, 18.5, 7)
ctx2.fill()
ctx2.stroke()
ctx2.restore()
ctx2.restore()
ctx2.restore()
// Save the results
var image = new Image()
image.src = canvas2.toDataURL()
return image
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try this:
let svg = `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" ...`;
let blob = new Blob([svg], {type: 'image/svg+xml'});
let url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
canvas.width = 900;
canvas.height = 1400;
const appLogo = new Image();
appLogo.onload = () => ctx.drawImage(appLogo, 54, 387, 792, 960);
appLogo.src = url;
// let image = document.createElement('img');
// image.src = url;
// image.addEventListener('load', () => URL.revokeObjectURL(url), {once: true});
Note: Blob is not defined in Node.js file, This is code designed to run in the browser, not in Node.
More info here
On iOS the max allocated memory for canvases is memSize()/4 which often resolve to 256mb
Now consider this code:
const createImage = () => {
const size = 512
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.height = size
canvas.width = size
document.body.appendChild(canvas)
}
const createImages = nbImage => {
let count = 0
for (let i = 0; i < nbImage; i++) {
try {
createImage()
count = count + 1
} catch (e) {
console.log(i, e)
break
}
}
console.log(`done for ${count} MB`)
console.log(`there are ${nbImage - count} remaining canvas to create...`)
}
createImages(500)
Running this on my iPhone 8 outputs:
done for 500 MB
there are 0 remaining canvas to create...
When you change createImage to this:
const createImage = () => {
const size = 512
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.height = size
canvas.width = size
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
ctx.fillStyle = 'red'
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size)
}
you get an output like this one:
Total canvas memory use exceeds the maximum limit (256mb).
256 - TypeError: null is not an object (evaluating 'ctx.fillStyle = 'red'')
done for 256 MB
there are 244 remaining canvas to create...
Notice that I event removed the appendChild in the second version of createImage
I event tried to call the createImages function again after like 60seconds if there is any remaining canvases to be created like this:
if (count < nbImage) setTimeout(createImages, 60000, nbImage - count)
to see if the GC would have time to collect in the meantime, but to no avail.
I know that if I change my createImage to this:
const createImage = () => {
const size = 512
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.height = size
canvas.width = size
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
ctx.fillStyle = 'red'
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size)
canvas.height = 0
canvas.width = 0
}
The 500 canvases get created, but the problem is I ultimately want to append my canvases to the dom and resetting their width and height to 0 isn't really possible in that case.
Any insight?
Why would they allocate any memory for the bitmap when they don't know yet how much memory they'll actually need or even if they'll have to allocate any?
Before you initialise the context, the canvas holds no bitmap buffer, just like any element.
The context can be either a webgl context (2 bitmap buffers would need to be allocated), a 2d context (1 buffer) or an ImageBitmapRenderer (no bitmap buffer).
So your observation makes perfect sense.
Not sure this is possible, but looking to write a script that would return the average hex or rgb value for an image. I know it can be done in AS but looking to do it in JavaScript.
AFAIK, the only way to do this is with <canvas/>...
DEMO V2: http://jsfiddle.net/xLF38/818/
Note, this will only work with images on the same domain and in browsers that support HTML5 canvas:
function getAverageRGB(imgEl) {
var blockSize = 5, // only visit every 5 pixels
defaultRGB = {r:0,g:0,b:0}, // for non-supporting envs
canvas = document.createElement('canvas'),
context = canvas.getContext && canvas.getContext('2d'),
data, width, height,
i = -4,
length,
rgb = {r:0,g:0,b:0},
count = 0;
if (!context) {
return defaultRGB;
}
height = canvas.height = imgEl.naturalHeight || imgEl.offsetHeight || imgEl.height;
width = canvas.width = imgEl.naturalWidth || imgEl.offsetWidth || imgEl.width;
context.drawImage(imgEl, 0, 0);
try {
data = context.getImageData(0, 0, width, height);
} catch(e) {
/* security error, img on diff domain */
return defaultRGB;
}
length = data.data.length;
while ( (i += blockSize * 4) < length ) {
++count;
rgb.r += data.data[i];
rgb.g += data.data[i+1];
rgb.b += data.data[i+2];
}
// ~~ used to floor values
rgb.r = ~~(rgb.r/count);
rgb.g = ~~(rgb.g/count);
rgb.b = ~~(rgb.b/count);
return rgb;
}
For IE, check out excanvas.
Figured I'd post a project I recently came across to get dominant color:
Color Thief
A script for grabbing the dominant color or a representative color palette from an image. Uses javascript and canvas.
The other solutions mentioning and suggesting dominant color never really answer the question in proper context ("in javascript"). Hopefully this project will help those who want to do just that.
"Dominant Color" is tricky. What you want to do is compare the distance between each pixel and every other pixel in color space (Euclidean Distance), and then find the pixel whose color is closest to every other color. That pixel is the dominant color. The average color will usually be mud.
I wish I had MathML in here to show you Euclidean Distance. Google it.
I have accomplished the above execution in RGB color space using PHP/GD here: https://gist.github.com/cf23f8bddb307ad4abd8
This however is very computationally expensive. It will crash your system on large images, and will definitely crash your browser if you try it in the client. I have been working on refactoring my execution to:
- store results in a lookup table for future use in the iteration over each pixel.
- to divide large images into grids of 20px 20px for localized dominance.
- to use the euclidean distance between x1y1 and x1y2 to figure out the distance between x1y1 and x1y3.
Please let me know if you make progress on this front. I would be happy to see it. I will do the same.
Canvas is definitely the best way to do this in the client. SVG is not, SVG is vector based. After I get the execution down, the next thing I want to do is get this running in the canvas (maybe with a webworker for each pixel's overall distance calculation).
Another thing to think about is that RGB is not a good color space for doing this in, because the euclidean distance between colors in RGB space is not very close to the visual distance. A better color space for doing this might be LUV, but I have not found a good library for this, or any algorythims for converting RGB to LUV.
An entirely different approach would be to sort your colors in a rainbow, and build a histogram with tolerance to account for varying shades of a color. I have not tried this, because sorting colors in a rainbow is hard, and so are color histograms. I might try this next. Again, let me know if you make any progress here.
First: it can be done without HTML5 Canvas or SVG.
Actually, someone just managed to generate client-side PNG files using JavaScript, without canvas or SVG, using the data URI scheme.
Edit: You can simply create a PNG with document.getElementById("canvas").toDataURL("image/png", 1.0)
Second: you might actually not need Canvas, SVG or any of the above at all.
If you only need to process images on the client side, without modifying them, all this is not needed.
You can get the source address from the img tag on the page, make an XHR request for it - it will most probably come from the browser cache - and process it as a byte stream from Javascript.
You will need a good understanding of the image format. (The above generator is partially based on libpng sources and might provide a good starting point.)
function get_average_rgb(img) {
var context = document.createElement('canvas').getContext('2d');
if (typeof img == 'string') {
var src = img;
img = new Image;
img.setAttribute('crossOrigin', '');
img.src = src;
}
context.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
context.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 1, 1);
return context.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data.slice(0,3);
}
console.log(get_average_rgb(document.querySelector('#img1')));
console.log(get_average_rgb(document.querySelector('#img2')));
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M/wHwAEBgIApD5fRAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" width="32" height="32" id="img1">
<img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a/AEdFTp4Wi1oebZlBCwFID8OZZuG0HLsL-xIxO5m2TNw=k-s32" id="img2" crossOrigin="anonymous">
Less accurate but fastest way to get average color of the image with datauri support:
function get_average_rgb(img) {
var context = document.createElement('canvas').getContext('2d');
if (typeof img == 'string') {
var src = img;
img = new Image;
img.setAttribute('crossOrigin', '');
img.src = src;
}
context.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
context.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 1, 1);
return context.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data.slice(0,3);
}
I would say via the HTML canvas tag.
You can find here a post by #Georg talking about a small code by the Opera dev :
// Get the CanvasPixelArray from the given coordinates and dimensions.
var imgd = context.getImageData(x, y, width, height);
var pix = imgd.data;
// Loop over each pixel and invert the color.
for (var i = 0, n = pix.length; i < n; i += 4) {
pix[i ] = 255 - pix[i ]; // red
pix[i+1] = 255 - pix[i+1]; // green
pix[i+2] = 255 - pix[i+2]; // blue
// i+3 is alpha (the fourth element)
}
// Draw the ImageData at the given (x,y) coordinates.
context.putImageData(imgd, x, y);
This invert the image by using the R, G and B value of each pixel. You could easily store the RGB values, then round up the Red, Green and Blue arrays, and finally converting them back into an HEX code.
This is #350D's answer but async (as some images may take time to load) and in typescript
async function get_average_rgb(src: string): Promise<Uint8ClampedArray> {
/* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2541481/get-average-color-of-image-via-javascript */
return new Promise(resolve => {
let context = document.createElement('canvas').getContext('2d');
context!.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
let img = new Image;
img.src = src;
img.crossOrigin = "";
img.onload = () => {
context!.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 1, 1);
resolve(context!.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data.slice(0,3));
};
});
}
I recently came across a jQuery plugin which does what I originally wanted https://github.com/briangonzalez/jquery.adaptive-backgrounds.js in regards to getting a dominiate color from an image.
EDIT: Only after posting this, did I realize that #350D's answer does the exact same thing.
Surprisingly, this can be done in just 4 lines of code:
const canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
preview = document.getElementById("preview"),
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = 1;
canvas.height = 1;
preview.width = 400;
preview.height = 400;
function getDominantColor(imageObject) {
//draw the image to one pixel and let the browser find the dominant color
ctx.drawImage(imageObject, 0, 0, 1, 1);
//get pixel color
const i = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data;
console.log(`rgba(${i[0]},${i[1]},${i[2]},${i[3]})`);
console.log("#" + ((1 << 24) + (i[0] << 16) + (i[1] << 8) + i[2]).toString(16).slice(1));
}
// vvv all of this is to just get the uploaded image vvv
const input = document.getElementById("input");
input.type = "file";
input.accept = "image/*";
input.onchange = event => {
const file = event.target.files[0];
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = readerEvent => {
const image = new Image();
image.onload = function() {
//shows preview of uploaded image
preview.getContext("2d").drawImage(
image,
0,
0,
preview.width,
preview.height,
);
getDominantColor(image);
};
image.src = readerEvent.target.result;
};
reader.readAsDataURL(file, "UTF-8");
};
canvas {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
outline: 1px solid #000000;
}
<canvas id="preview"></canvas>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<input id="input" type="file" />
How it works:
Create the canvas context
const context = document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d");
This will draw the image to only one canvas pixel, making the browser find the dominant color for you.
context.drawImage(imageObject, 0, 0, 1, 1);
After that, just get the image data for the pixel:
const i = context.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data;
Finally, convert to rgba or HEX:
const rgba = `rgba(${i[0]},${i[1]},${i[2]},${i[3]})`;
const HEX = "#" + ((1 << 24) + (i[0] << 16) + (i[1] << 8) + i[2]).toString(16).slice(1);
There is one problem with this method though, and that is that getImageData will sometimes throw errors Unable to get image data from canvas because the canvas has been tainted by cross-origin data., which is the reason you need to upload images in the demo instead of inputting a URL for example.
This method can also be used for pixelating images by increasing the width and height to draw the image.
This works on chrome but may not on other browsers.
Javascript does not have access to an image's individual pixel color data. At least, not maybe until html5 ... at which point it stands to reason that you'll be able to draw an image to a canvas, and then inspect the canvas (maybe, I've never done it myself).
All-In-One Solution
I would personally combine Color Thief along with this modified version of Name that Color to obtain a more-than-sufficient array of dominant color results for images.
Example:
Consider the following image:
You can use the following code to extract image data relating to the dominant color:
let color_thief = new ColorThief();
let sample_image = new Image();
sample_image.onload = () => {
let result = ntc.name('#' + color_thief.getColor(sample_image).map(x => {
const hex = x.toString(16);
return hex.length === 1 ? '0' + hex : hex;
}).join(''));
console.log(result[0]); // #f0c420 : Dominant HEX/RGB value of closest match
console.log(result[1]); // Moon Yellow : Dominant specific color name of closest match
console.log(result[2]); // #ffff00 : Dominant HEX/RGB value of shade of closest match
console.log(result[3]); // Yellow : Dominant color name of shade of closest match
console.log(result[4]); // false : True if exact color match
};
sample_image.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
sample_image.src = document.getElementById('sample-image').src;
This is about "Color Quantization" that has several approachs like MMCQ (Modified Median Cut Quantization) or OQ (Octree Quantization). Different approach use K-Means to obtain clusters of colors.
I have putted all together here, since I was finding a solution for tvOS where there is a subset of XHTML, that has no <canvas/> element:
Generate the Dominant Colors for an RGB image with XMLHttpRequest
As pointed out in other answers, often what you really want the dominant color as opposed to the average color which tends to be brown. I wrote a script that gets the most common color and posted it on this gist
To get the average (not the dominant) color of an image, create a tiny canvas of the scaled-down original image (of max size i.e: 10 px). Then loop the canvas area imageData to construct the average RGB:
const getAverageColor = (img) => {
const max = 10; // Max size (Higher num = better precision but slower)
const {naturalWidth: iw, naturalHeight: ih} = img;
const ctx = document.createElement`canvas`.getContext`2d`;
const sr = Math.min(max / iw, max / ih); // Scale ratio
const w = Math.ceil(iw * sr); // Width
const h = Math.ceil(ih * sr); // Height
const a = w * h; // Area
img.crossOrigin = 1;
ctx.canvas.width = w;
ctx.canvas.height = h;
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, w, h);
const data = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, w, h).data;
let r = g = b = 0;
for (let i=0; i<data.length; i+=4) {
r += data[i];
g += data[i+1];
b += data[i+2];
}
r = ~~(r/a);
g = ~~(g/a);
b = ~~(b/a);
return {r, g, b};
};
const setBgFromAverage = (img) => {
img.addEventListener("load", () => {
const {r,g,b} = getAverageColor(img);
img.style.backgroundColor = `rgb(${r},${g},${b})`;
});
};
document.querySelectorAll('.thumb').forEach(setBgFromAverage);
.thumbs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; }
.thumb { height: 100px; padding: 20px; }
<div class="thumbs">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/22BrBjx.jpeg">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/MR0dUpw.png">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/o7lpiDR.png">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/egYvHp6.jpeg">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/62EAzOY.jpeg">
<img class="thumb" alt="image" src="https://i.imgur.com/3VxBMeF.jpeg">
</div>
There is a online tool pickimagecolor.com that helps you to find the average or the dominant color of image.You just have to upload a image from your computer and then click on the image. It gives the average color in HEX , RGB and HSV. It also find the color shades matching that color to choose from. I have used it multiple times.