JavaScript, HeapSort - count swaps and comparisons - javascript

How i should count swaps and comparisons?
I'm new in programmin and algorithms. So, I got a problem to count swaps and comparisons, the problem is that i don't know how to save the value of counters in recursive function
There is code explanation
https://levelup.gitconnected.com/heapsort-for-javascript-newbies-598d25477d55
function heapify(arr, length, i) {
let largest = i
let left = i * 2 + 1
let right = left + 1
if (left < length) {
if(arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
largest = left
}
}
if (right < length) {
if(arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
largest = right
}
}
if(largest != i) {
[arr[i], arr[largest]] = [arr[largest], arr[i]]
heapify(arr, length, i)
}
return arr
}
function heapSort(arr) {
let length = arr.length
let i = Math.floor(length / 2 - 1)
let k = length - 1
while (i >= 0) {
heapify(arr, length, i)
i--
}
while (k >= 0) {
[arr[0], arr[k]] = [arr[k], arr[0]]
heapify(arr, k, 0)
k--
}
return arr
}

Since it is an inplace sorting algorithm, you don't really have to return the array. The caller already has passed the array, so they don't really need the same array reference again. You can then instead use the return value for the number of swaps.
Side note: there is a bug in your heapify function: the recursive call should get largest as last argument instead of i. I have corrected that below as well:
function heapify(arr, length, i) {
let largest = i;
let left = i * 2 + 1;
let right = left + 1;
if (left < length) {
if(arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
largest = left;
}
}
if (right < length) {
if(arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
largest = right;
}
}
if(largest != i) {
[arr[i], arr[largest]] = [arr[largest], arr[i]];
// count the above swap, and those made by the recursive calls
return 1 + heapify(arr, length, largest);
}
return 0; // Nothing was swapped here
}
function heapSort(arr) {
let length = arr.length;
let i = Math.floor(length / 2 - 1);
let k = length - 1;
let swapCount = 0; // running sum
while (i >= 0) {
swapCount += heapify(arr, length, i);
i--
}
while (k >= 0) {
[arr[0], arr[k]] = [arr[k], arr[0]];
// Count the above swap and those made by heapify:
swapCount += 1 + heapify(arr, k, 0);
k--;
}
return swapCount;
}
let arr = [4, 2, 9, 7, 1, 3, 8, 0, 5, 6];
let swapCount = heapSort(arr);
console.log("sorted:", ...arr);
console.log("swaps:", swapCount);
If you want to both count the comparisons and the swaps, then you would need to return an object/array with this pair. In that case it may be easier to pass that object as optional argument to heapify, which will then adjust the counts in that object:
function heapify(arr, length, i, counter = { comparisons: 0, swaps: 0 }) {
let largest = i;
let left = i * 2 + 1;
let right = left + 1;
if (left < length) {
counter.comparisons++; // For the next `if` condition
if(arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
largest = left;
}
}
if (right < length) {
counter.comparisons++; // For the next `if` condition
if(arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
largest = right;
}
}
if(largest != i) {
counter.swaps++;
[arr[i], arr[largest]] = [arr[largest], arr[i]];
heapify(arr, length, largest, counter);
}
}
function heapSort(arr) {
let length = arr.length;
let i = Math.floor(length / 2 - 1);
let k = length - 1;
let counter = {
comparisons: 0, // running sum
swaps: 0 // running sum
}
while (i >= 0) {
heapify(arr, length, i, counter);
i--;
}
while (k >= 0) {
counter.swaps++;
[arr[0], arr[k]] = [arr[k], arr[0]];
heapify(arr, k, 0, counter);
k--;
}
return counter;
}
let arr = [4, 2, 9, 7, 1, 3, 8, 0, 5, 6];
let counter = heapSort(arr);
console.log("sorted:", ...arr);
console.log("counters:", counter);

Related

HeapSort implementation in Javascript

I am learning about heaps and I wanted to implement the heap sort algorithm in Javascript using MinHeap.
The issue is that I keep getting a non-sorted array.
I even tried to just translate a working algorithm from C++ to Javascript.
Orginal algorithm link: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/heap-sort-for-decreasing-order-using-min-heap/
C++:
// To heapify a subtree rooted with node i which is
// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
int smallest = i; // Initialize smalles as root
int l = 2 * i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
int r = 2 * i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is smaller than root
if (l < n && arr[l] < arr[smallest])
smallest = l;
// If right child is smaller than smallest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] < arr[smallest])
smallest = r;
// If smallest is not root
if (smallest != i) {
swap(arr[i], arr[smallest]);
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, smallest);
}
}
// main function to do heap sort
void heapSort(int arr[], int n)
{
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// Move current root to end
swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
Javascipt (translated code):
function swap(arr, i, j){
const c = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = c;
}
function heapify(arr, n, i)
{
let smallest = i; // Initialize smalles as root
let l = 2 * i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
let r = 2 * i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is smaller than root
if (l < n && arr[l] < arr[smallest])
smallest = l;
// If right child is smaller than smallest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] < arr[smallest])
smallest = r;
// If smallest is not root
if (smallest != i) {
swap(arr[i], arr[smallest]);
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, smallest);
}
}
// main function to do heap sort
function heapSort(arr, n)
{
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (let i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// Move current root to end
swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
when I try with this array arr = [1,2,7,3,5], the heapSort algorithm returns this table [ 1, 2, 7, 3, 5 ];
Can you please help me figure out what's wrong with the JS implementation?
thank you in advance!
This code should go fine:
const heapify = (arr, length, i) => {
let largest = i
const left = i * 2 + 1
const right = left + 1
if (left < length && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
largest = left
}
if (right < length && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
largest = right
}
if (largest !== i) {
[arr[i], arr[largest]] = [arr[largest], arr[i]]
heapify(arr, length, largest)
}
return arr
}
const heapSort = arr => {
const length = arr.length
let i = Math.floor(length / 2 - 1)
let k = length - 1
while (i >= 0) {
heapify(arr, length, i)
i--
}
while (k >= 0) {
[arr[0], arr[k]] = [arr[k], arr[0]]
heapify(arr, k, 0)
k--
}
return arr
}
const arr = [4, 6, 3, 2, 9];
sortedArr = heapSort(arr);
console.log("Sorted array is \n", sortedArr)
I took it from here. Take a look at the post if you are more interested in how it's implemented. It's very well explained.
UPDATE
Ok so, about your code, I see exactly 2 problems:
You are incorrectly using the "swap" function. Just change swap(arr[i], arr[smallest] by swap(arr, i, smallest); and swap(arr[0], arr[i]) by swap(arr, 0, i). Also, if you want to use the latest ES6 features you can swap elements in an array without implementing that "swap" function, just like this: [arr[0], arr[2]] = [arr[2], arr[0]] (this will swap the element at position 0 with the element at position 2). This is called destructuring assignment.
In the first for loop in your "heapSort" function, initialize i variable to an integer (notice that n / 2 could be a float). You can do it like this: let i = Math.floor(n / 2 - 1).
Here I leave you the fixed code. I've executed it by myself and it works:
function swap(arr, i, j){
const c = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = c;
}
function heapify(arr, n, i)
{
let smallest = i; // Initialize smallest as root
let l = 2 * i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
let r = 2 * i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is smaller than root
if (l < n && arr[l] < arr[smallest])
smallest = l;
// If right child is smaller than smallest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] < arr[smallest])
smallest = r;
// If smallest is not root
if (smallest != i) {
swap(arr, i, smallest);
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, smallest);
}
}
// main function to do heap sort
function heapSort(arr, n)
{
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (let i = Math.floor(n / 2 - 1); i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// Move current root to end
swap(arr, 0, i);
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
const arr = [4, 6, 3, 2, 9];
heapSort(arr, arr.length);
console.log("Sorted array is \n", arr)
Here is my version of heapsort.
This is non-recursive solution and modifies the original array.
function swap(arr, i, j) {
const tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = tmp;
}
function heapify(arr, start = 0) {
for(let i = start;i < arr.length; i++) {
let j = i;
let root = start + Math.floor((j-start)/2);
while(( root >= start ) && (arr[root] < arr[j])) {
swap(arr, root, j);
j = root;
root = start + Math.floor((j-start)/2);
}
}
}
function heapSort(arr) {
for(let i = 0; i < arr.length;i++)
heapify(arr, i);
}
const arr = [1,2,8000,3,4,5,-1,200000,8000,-1,20000];
heapSort(arr);
console.log(arr);
const HeapSort = (arg) => {
const Income_arr = [...arg];
const Output_arr = [];
const InnerSort = () => {
const length = Income_arr.length;
for (let i = 0; i < Income_arr.length - 1; i++) {
let max = i;
const left = i + 1;
const right = i + 2;
// will change '>' or '<' depends on which order we want, like either descending or ascending order
if (i <= length && Income_arr[i] > Income_arr[left]) {
// swapping the array
[Income_arr[i], Income_arr[left]] = [Income_arr[left], Income_arr[i]];
}
if (i <= length && Income_arr[i] > Income_arr[right]) {
// swapping the array
[Income_arr[i], Income_arr[right]] = [Income_arr[right], Income_arr[i]];
}
}
Output_arr.push(Income_arr.shift()); // Add the largest Number in output_arr & remove the largest Number
return Income_arr;
};
for (let i = arg.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// Run untill array length ends
InnerSort(); // To Find the largest number
}
console.log(Output_arr)
return Output_arr;
};
HeapSort([16, 20, 99, 34, 17, 15]);
HeapSort([16, 20, -99, 34, 17, 15]);
HeapSort([4, 20, 9, 34, 2, 15]);
const HeapSort = (arg) => {
const Income_arr = [...arg];
const Output_arr = [];
const InnerSort = () => {
const length = Income_arr.length;
for (let i = 0; i < Income_arr.length - 1; i++) {
let max = i;
const left = i + 1;
const right = i + 2;
// will change '>' or '<' depends on which order we want, like either descending or ascending order
if (i <= length && Income_arr[i] > Income_arr[left]) {
// swapping the array
[Income_arr[i], Income_arr[left]] = [Income_arr[left], Income_arr[i]];
}
if (i <= length && Income_arr[i] > Income_arr[right]) {
// swapping the array
[Income_arr[i], Income_arr[right]] = [Income_arr[right], Income_arr[i]];
}
}
Output_arr.push(Income_arr[length - 1]); // Add the largest Number in output_arr
Income_arr.pop(); // Remove the largest Number
return Income_arr;
};
for (let i = arg.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// Run untill array length ends
InnerSort(); // To Find the largest number
}
console.log(Output_arr)
return Output_arr;
};
HeapSort([16, 20, 99, 34, 17, 15]);
HeapSort([16, 20, -99, 34, 17, 15]);
HeapSort([4, 20, 9, 34, 2, 15]);

How to use push in a java script loop?

I am trying to write a code to do the following:
Check digits on a given 16 digit array from right to left.
Double every other digit as you iterate to left (the 16th digit is not doubled).
If the doubled number > 9 ; then subtract 9 from this number and push the number to the new array.
Return true if the sum of these new digits in the new array equal to a multiplier of 10, else return false.
I'm stuck on the step 3. Below is my code and I'm not sure why push function wouldn't to create a new array, can anyone help?
let validateCred = (Arr) =>
for (let i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
validateCred.push((Arr[i] * 2) % 9)
} else {
validateCred.push(Arr[i])
};
}
};
Your complete function could be as follows:
let validateCred = arr => {
console.log("Original array:", "[" + arr .toString() + "]")
let result = []
for (let i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) result.push((arr[i] * 2) % 9)
else result.push(arr[i])
}
console.log("Modified array:", "[" + result.toString() + "]")
return result.reduce((a, b) => a + b) % 10 === 0
}
console.log("Array valid:", validateCred([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]))
let validateCred = (Arr) =>{
for (let i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
Arr.push((Arr[i] * 2) % 9)
} else {
Arr.push(Arr[i])
};
}
return Arr };
I guess that's what you mean. In fact you need to write the name of the array followed by .push. And dont forget to return your array.
This is the documentation for further details:
https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Objets_globaux/Array/push
I'm not sure why push function wouldn't to create a new array
The push method adds elements to an existing array. You need to explicitly create the array before yourself.
function validateCred(Arr) {
const newArr = [];
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
for (let i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
newArr.push((Arr[i] * 2) % 9)
} else {
newArr.push(Arr[i])
};
}
… // use newArr
}
validateCred = (Arr) => {
let resArr = []; //resultant array to push to
for (let i = Arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) { //every other (even indexed) item
let doubled = Arr[i] * 2; //double every number
if (doubled > 9) { //if doubled number is bigger than 9
resArr.push(doubled - 9); //subtract 9 and push to resultant array
}
}
}
//You now have to iterate over the resultant array to find the sum
let sum = 0;
for (let j = 0; j < resArr.length; j++) {
sum += resArr[j];
}
(sum % 10 === 0) ? return true : return false;
}
Or you could do your entire program without the second array, if you're just looking for the sum of every other digit as you explain in your question. It would look like this:
validateCred = (Arr) => {
let sum = 0;
for (let i = Arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i % 2 === 0) { //every other (even indexed) item
let doubled = Arr[i] * 2; //double every number
if (doubled > 9) { //if doubled number is bigger than 9
sum += (doubled - 9);
}
}
}
//check the sum
(sum % 10 === 0) ? return true : return false;
}

Undestanding Recursion with return values in Merge Sort

I'm trying to solve a basic problem in Hackerearth Given an array A of size N, you need to find the number of ordered pairs (i,j) such that i < j and A[i] > A[j].
I was able to find out an idea actually implemented it by having a global variable. But having a global value is not a good practice, hence I tried to pass it as parameter and I couldn't able to solve it. Am stuck with keeping an already returned value and adding an updated value to it.
// let ans = 0;
let mergeSort = (left, right, arr, ans) => {
let i = 0,
j = 0,
k = 0;
let leftLen = left.length,
rightLen = right.length;
while (i < leftLen && j < rightLen) {
if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
arr[k] = left[i];
i++;
} else {
arr[k] = right[j];
ans += leftLen - i;
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i < leftLen) {
arr[k] = left[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while (j < rightLen) {
arr[k] = right[j];
j++;
k++;
}
return { arr, ans };
};
let divideArray = (arr, ans) => {
if (arr.length < 2) return { arr, ans };
let N = arr.length;
let mid = Math.round(N / 2);
let left = arr.slice(0, mid);
let right = arr.slice(mid, N);
ans = ans;
divideArray(left, ans);
divideArray(right, ans);
let blabla = mergeSort(left, right, arr, ans);
return blabla;
};
let merge = (arr, ans) => {
let res = divideArray(arr, ans);
return res;
};
function main(input) {
let arr = [1, 4, 3, 2, 5];
let ans = 0;
let output = merge(arr, ans);
console.log('Final', output);
}
main();
In mergeSort function When the input of the left array is [1,4] and the right array is [3] the ans will be updated as 1, also when the left array is [1,3,4] and right is [2,5] the ans will be updated as 2. I would like to add both this ans values and return it as 3. But somewhere am making a mistake while returning. Any help will be appreciated.
JsFiddle
EDIT:
Please note that am trying to achieve it via MergeSort and recursion i know in lot of other ways i can solve this problem for instance i have clearly mentioned i had solved it by having a global variable,which is not a good practice so please provide me a solution only via recursion and merge sort
There is no need to pass an inversion count to divideArray(), it only needs to return a sub_count = left_count + right_count + merged_count. The sub_counts originate from each instance of merging and will be accumulated as recursion returns sub-counts back up the call chain to produce a total_count.
Example of an optimized top down merge sort updated to return an inversion count. A helper function (mergesort()) does a one time allocation of an auxiliary array (aux). To avoid unneeded copying of data, two mutually recursive functions are used, sortarrtoarr() sorts data from arr[] back to arr[], while sortarrtoaux() sorts data from arr[] to aux[]. Each of the mutually recursive functions calls the other in order to change the direction of merge based on the level of recursion.
function merge(arr, aux, bgn, mid, end) {
var i = bgn;
var j = mid;
var k = bgn;
var cnt = 0; // count of inversions
while(true){
if(arr[i] <= arr[j]){ // if left element <= right element
aux[k++] = arr[i++]; // copy left element
if(i < mid) // if not end of left run
continue; // continue back to while
do // else copy rest of right run
aux[k++] = arr[j++]; // and break
while(j < end);
break;
} else { // else left element > right element
cnt += mid - i; // arr.slice(i,mid) is > arr[j]
aux[k++] = arr[j++]; // copy right element
if(j < end) // if not end of right run
continue; // continue back to while
do // else copy rest of left run
aux[k++] = arr[i++]; // and break
while(i < mid);
break;
}
}
return cnt; // return inversion count
}
// sort from arr[] to aux[]
function sortarrtoaux(arr, aux, bgn, end) {
if ((end-bgn) < 2){ // if only 1 element
aux[bgn] = arr[bgn]; // copy it to aux
return 0; // return inversion count == 0
}
var cnt = 0; // inversion count = 0
var mid = Math.floor(bgn + (end - bgn) / 2);
cnt += sortarrtoarr(arr, aux, bgn, mid); // sort left arr back to arr
cnt += sortarrtoarr(arr, aux, mid, end); // sort right arr back to arr
cnt += merge(arr, aux, bgn, mid, end); // merge arr to aux
return cnt; // return inversion count
}
// sort from arr[] back to arr[]
function sortarrtoarr(arr, aux, bgn, end) {
if ((end-bgn) < 2) // if only 1 element
return 0; // return inversion count == 0
var cnt = 0; // inversion count = 0
var mid = Math.floor(bgn + (end - bgn) / 2);
cnt += sortarrtoaux(arr, aux, bgn, mid); // sort left arr to aux
cnt += sortarrtoaux(arr, aux, mid, end); // sort right arr to aux
cnt += merge(aux, arr, bgn, mid, end); // merge aux to arr
return cnt; // return inversion count
}
// entry function for mergesort
function mergesort(arr) {
if(arr.length < 2) // if less than 2 elements
return 0; // return inversion count == 0
var aux = new Array(arr.length); // allocate aux[] and start merge sort
return sortarrtoarr(arr, aux, 0, arr.length);
}
var arr = [8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9];
var cnt = mergesort(arr);
console.log(cnt);
for (i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
if(arr[i-1] > arr[i]){
console.log('error');
break;
}
}
Scott's answer offers a functional approach. Generators, function* below, offer another capable and flexible way of encoding this kind of problem -
const descendingPairs = function* (a = [])
{ for (const i of range(0, a.length)) // for all (0 <= i < a.length)
for (const j of range(0, a.length)) // for all (0 <= i < a.length)
if (i < j) // such that i < j
if (a[i] > a[j]) // and a[i] > a[j]
yield [ a[i], a[j] ] // output descending pair
}
We can optimise this by using i as the input for the j range's start -
const descendingPairs = function* (a = [])
{ for (const i of range(0, a.length)) // for all (0 < i < a.length)
for (const j of range(i + 1, a.length)) // for all (i < j < a.length)
if (a[i] > a[j]) // such that a[i] > a[j]
yield [ a[i], a[j] ] // output descending pair
}
range is nicely-encoded using a generator as well -
const range = function* (start = 0, stop = 0)
{ for (let x = start; x < stop; x++)
yield x
}
We can output the results of each descending pair -
const input =
[ 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 ]
for (const pair of descendingPairs(input))
console.log(pair)
// [ 4, 3 ]
// [ 4, 2 ]
// [ 3, 2 ]
Or we can collect all pairs into an array -
Array.from(descendingPairs(input))
// => [ [ 4, 3 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 3, 2 ] ]
Or we can simply count them -
Array.from(descendingPairs(input)).length
// => 3
Expand the snippet below to verify the results in your own browser -
const range = function* (start = 0, stop = 0)
{ for (let x = start; x < stop; x++)
yield x
}
const descendingPairs = function* (a = [])
{ for (const i of range(0, a.length))
for (const j of range(i, a.length))
if (a[i] > a[j])
yield [ a[i], a[j] ]
}
const input =
[ 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 ]
console.log(Array.from(descendingPairs(input)))
// [ [ 4, 3 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 3, 2 ] ]
console.log(Array.from(descendingPairs(input)).length)
// 3
I'm having a hard time figuring why you are writing this with code that's all about a mergesort. It seems to me that all you need to do is to generate the index pairs where j > i (a fairly easy task) and then count those for which A[i] > A[j]. Recursion is a fine way (though by no means the only easy way) to create those index pairs. The rest is a filter/length combination or a reduce.
Here's one variation:
const countDescendingPairs = (xs) =>
xs .map ((x, i) => xs .slice (i + 1) .filter(y => x > y) .length)
.reduce ((a, b) => a + b, 0)
console .log (
countDescendingPairs ([8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9])
)
But there are many simple alternatives.
And if you wanted to retrieve those pairs, it's a straightforward modification:
const descendingPairs = (xs) =>
xs .flatMap (
(x, i) =>
xs .slice (i + 1)
.filter (y => x > y)
.map ((y) => ({x, y}))
)
console .log (
descendingPairs ([8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9])
)
Updated to add flatMap and to remove the incorrect indices from the second version. (You can't filter, then expect the old index to still work!)
https://codepen.io/Santhoshsanz/pen/dybedgm?editors=1112
// let ans = 0;
let mergeSort = (left, right, arr, ans) => {
// console.log(left)
// console.log("*****")
// console.log(right)
// console.log("*****£££")
let i = 0,
j = 0,
k = 0;
let leftLen = left.length,
rightLen = right.length;
while (i < leftLen && j < rightLen) {
if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
arr[k] = left[i];
i++;
} else {
arr[k] = right[j];
ans += leftLen - i;
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i < leftLen) {
arr[k] = left[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while (j < rightLen) {
arr[k] = right[j];
j++;
k++;
}
return { arr, ans };
};
let divideArray = (arr, ans) => {
if (arr.length < 2) return { arr, ans };
let N = arr.length;
let mid = Math.round(N / 2);
let left = arr.slice(0, mid);
let right = arr.slice(mid, N);
ans = ans;
let lans=divideArray(left, ans).ans;
let bAns=divideArray(right, ans).ans;
// console.log(bAns)
let blabla= mergeSort(left, right, arr, lans+bAns);
return blabla
};
let merge = (arr, ans) => {
let res=0+ divideArray(arr, ans).ans;
// console.log("asdad")
// console.log(res)
return res;
};
function main(input) {
let arr = [1,4,3,2,5];
let ans = 0;
let output = merge(arr, ans);
console.log('Final', output);
}
main();
I have persisted the count val inside your divide array and used it to merge the 2 counts from the split array i.e left and right direction split

Fibonacci series in JavaScript

function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (var i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
const a = (i - 1);
const b = (i - 2);
result.push(a + b);
}
return result[n];
}
console.log(fib(8));
The output of the code above is 13. I don't understand the for loop part. In very first iteration i = 2, but after second iteration i = 3 so a = 2 and b = 1 and third iteration i = 4 so a = 3, b = 2, and so on... If it's going on final sequence will be :
[0, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11], which is incorrect. The correct sequence will be [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
You were not using the previous two numbers that are already in the array to > generate the new fibonacci number to be inserted into the array.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fibonacci-sequence.html
Here I have used the sum of result[i-2] and result[i-1] to generate the new fibonacci number and pushed it into the array.
Also to generate n number of terms you need the condition to be i < n and not i <= n.
function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (var i = 2; i < n; i++) {
result.push(result[i-2] + result[i-1]);
}
return result; // or result[n-1] if you want to get the nth term
}
console.log(fib(8));
Return result[n-1] if you want to get the nth term.
My solution for Fibonacci series:
const fibonacci = n =>
[...Array(n)].reduce(
(acc, val, i) => acc.concat(i > 1 ? acc[i - 1] + acc[i - 2] : i),
[]
)
This function is incorrect. It cat be checked by just adding the console.log call just before the function return:
function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (var i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
const a = (i - 1);
const b = (i - 2);
result.push(a + b);
}
console.log(result);
return result[n];
}
console.log(fib(7));
As you can see, the sequence is wrong and (for n = 7) the return value is too.
The possible change would be as following:
function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (var i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
const a = result[i - 1];
const b = result[i - 2];
result.push(a + b);
}
console.log(result);
return result[n];
}
console.log(fib(8));
This is the "classical" Fibonacci numbers; if you really want to use the first number of 0, not 1, then you should return result[n-1], since array indexes start from zero.
One approach you could take for fibonacci sequence is recursion:
var fibonacci = {
getSequenceNumber: function(n) {
//base case to end recursive calls
if (n === 0 || n === 1) {
return this.cache[n];
}
//if we already have it in the cache, use it
if (this.cache[n]) {
return this.cache[n];
}
//calculate and store in the cache for future use
else {
//since the function calls itself it's called 'recursive'
this.cache[n] = this.getSequenceNumber(n - 2) + this.getSequenceNumber(n - 1);
}
return this.cache[n];
},
cache: {
0: 0,
1: 1
}
}
//find the 7th number in the fibbonacci function
console.log(fibonacci.getSequenceNumber(7));
//see all the values we cached (preventing extra work)
console.log(fibonacci.cache);
//if you want to output the entire sequence as an array:
console.log(Object.values(fibonacci.cache));
The code above is also an example of a dynamic programming approach. You can see that I am storing each result in a cache object the first time it is calculated by the getSequenceNumber method. This way, the second time that getSequenceNumber is asked to find a given input, it doesn't have to do any actual work - just grab the value from cache and return it! This is an optimization technique that can be applied to functions like this where you may have to find the value of a particular input multiple times.
const fib = n => {
const array = Array(n);
for (i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (i > 1) {
array[i] = array[i - 1] + array[i - 2];
} else {
array[i] = 1;
}
}
return array;
}
console.log(fib(5))
What you are doing wrong is adding the iterator index (i), whereas what you need to do is add the element in the result at that index.
function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (let i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
const a = result[(i - 1)];
const b = result[(i - 2)];
result.push(a + b);
}
console.log("Result Array: " + result);
return result[n];
}
console.log("Fibonacci Series element at 8: " + fib(8));
There are two issues with the logic:
Variables a and b currently refer to i - 1 and i - 2. Instead they should refer to the elements of result array, i.e. result[i - 1] and result[i - 2].
If you need 8th element of the array, you need to call result[7]. So the returned value should be result[n - 1] instead of result[n].
function fib(n) {
const result = [0, 1];
for (var i = 2; i < n; i++) {
const a = result[i - 1];
const b = result[i - 2];
result.push(a + b);
}
console.log(result);
return result[n - 1];
}
console.log(fib(8));
simple solution for Fibonacci series:
function fib(n){
var arr = [];
for(var i = 0; i <n; i++ ){
if(i == 0 || i == 1){
arr.push(i);
} else {
var a = arr[i - 1];
var b = arr[i - 2];
arr.push(a + b);
}
}
return arr
}
console.log(fib(8))
This is certainly one of those "more than one way to clean chicken" type situations, this JavaScript method below works for me.
function fibCalc(n) {
var myArr = [];
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(i < 2) {
myArr.push(i);
} else {
myArr.push(myArr[i-2] + myArr[i-1]);
}
}
return myArr;
}
fibCalc(8);
When called as above, this produces [0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13]
It allows me to have a sequence of fib numbers based on n.
function fib(n) {
const result = [0];
if (n > 1) {
result.push(1);
for (var i = 2; i < n; i++) {
const a = result[result.length - 1]
const b = result[result.length - 2];
result.push(a + b);
}
}
console.log(result);
}
i came up with this solution to get the n index fibonacci value.
function findFac(n){
if (n===1)
{
return [0, 1];
}
else
{
var s = findFac(n - 1);
s.push(s[s.length - 1] + s[s.length - 2]);
return s;
}
}
function findFac0(n){
var vv1 = findFac(n);
return vv1[n-1];
}
console.log(findFac0(10));
Here, you have it, with few argument check, without using exception handling
function fibonacci(limit){
if(typeof limit != "number"){return "Please enter a natural number";}
if(limit <=0){
return "limit should be at least 1";
}
else if(limit == 1){
return [0];
}
else{
var series = [0, 1];
for(var num=1; num<=limit-2; num++){
series.push(series[series.length-1]+series[series.length-2]);
}
return series;
}
}
I came up with this solution.
function fibonacci(n) {
if (n == 0) {
return [0];
}
if ( n == 1) {
return [0, 1];
} else {
let fibo = fibonacci(n-1);
let nextElement = fibo [n-1] + fibo [n-2];
fibo.push(nextElement);
return fibo;
}
}
console.log(fibonacci(10));
function fibonacciGenerator (n) {
var output = [];
if(n===1){
output=[0];
}else if(n===2){
output=[0,1];
}else{
output=[0,1];
for(var i=2; i<n; i++){
output.push(output[output.length-2] + output[output.length-1]);
}
}
return output;
}
output = fibonacciGenerator();
console.log(output);
function fibonacci(end) {
if (isNaN(end) === false && typeof (end) === "number") {
var one = 0, res, two = 1;
for (var i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
res = one + two;
one = two;
two = res;
console.log(res);
}
} else {
console.error("One of the parameters is not correct!")
}
}
fibonacci(5);
var input = parseInt(prompt(""));
var a =0;
var b=1;
var x;
for(i=0;i<=input;i++){
document.write(a+"<br>")
x = a+b;
a =b;
b= x;
}

How to generate 4 random non-repeating numbers from 0-9?

I want to get a random digit from 0-9 and have it popped so it doesn't get repeated but I find that after the the second number is pushed it doesn't have it's number popped. Instead, some other number not yet selected is popped giving room for a repeat.
var yourNum = [],
oppNum = [],
choose = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
function chooseRandomNumber() {
return choose[Math.floor(Math.random() * choose.length)];
}
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (i === 0) {
yourNum.push(chooseRandomNumber());
if (yourNum[yourNum.length - 1] === 9) {
choose.pop();
} else {
choose.splice(yourNum[0], 1);
}
} else if (i === 1) {
yourNum.push(chooseRandomNumber());
if (yourNum[yourNum.length - 1] === 9) {
choose.pop();
} else {
choose.splice(yourNum[1], 1);
}
} else if (i === 2) {
yourNum.push(chooseRandomNumber());
if (yourNum[yourNum.length - 1] === 9) {
choose.pop();
} else {
choose.splice(yourNum[2], 1);
}
} else if (i === 3) {
yourNum.push(chooseRandomNumber());
if (yourNum[yourNum.length - 1] === 9) {
choose.pop();
} else {
choose.splice(yourNum[3], 1);
}
}
}
console.log(choose);
console.log(yourNum);
function getRand(min, max, result) {
result = result || [];
if(result.length == 4) {
return result;
}
var rand = Math.floor(Math.random()*max) + min;
if(result.indexOf(rand) === -1) {
result.push(rand);
}
return getRand(min, max, result);
}
var result = getRand(1,9);
console.log(result);
Your whole approach is way to complicated and unperformant.
A better approach:
//first we need a shuffle function
function shuffle(array){
for(var i = array.length, j, tmp; i--; ){
j = 0|(Math.random() * i);
tmp = array[j];
array[j] = array[i];
array[i] = tmp;
}
return array;
}
//now let's define a sequence of possible values
var numset = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
//shuffle the sequence and take the first 4 values
var fourRandomValues = shuffle(numset).slice(0,4);
console.log("four random values: " + fourRandomValues);
//doing this multiple times:
for(var values = []; values.length < 10;){
//shuffle again, and take the values that are now at the beginning of this sequence
values.push( shuffle(numset).slice(0,4) );
}
console.log("more random values: \n" + values.join("\n"));
Edit:
to address holi-java's approach by implementing sort of an Iterator, I'll add a way to do this with ES6 Iterators/Generators
Since Generators can be unlimited sequences we need to account for that. We do that by buffering a limited amount of values and returning them randomly; basically a shifiting frame of shuffled values.
function *shuffled(iterable, bufferSize = 256){
var buffer, numValues = 0, randomIndex;
if(Array.isArray(iterable) && iterable.length <= bufferSize){
//an optimization for (small) Arrays:
buffer = iterable.slice();
numValues = iterable.length;
}else{
buffer = Array( bufferSize )
for(var value of iterable){
//push value from the iterable to the buffer
buffer[numValues++] = value;
//buffer is full, yield a random value
if(numValues === bufferSize){
//choose a random value from the buffer
randomIndex = 0|(Math.random() * (numValues-1));
//yield it
yield buffer[randomIndex];
//overwrite the value with the last index
//that's cheaper than pop() and splice()
buffer[randomIndex] = buffer[--numValues];
}
}
}
//iterable doesn't provide any more values
//flush the buffer in a random order
while(numValues){
randomIndex = 0|(Math.random() * (numValues-1));
yield buffer[randomIndex];
buffer[randomIndex] = buffer[--numValues];
}
}
//every Array is a valid iterator
for(var v of shuffled([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]))
console.log(v);
That way we can shuffle a stream of values without first caching all the values in an array.
pro: memory efficient
possible problem: if the buffer's to small the result doesn't feel random anymore since values that are generated late in the sequence simply can not be shifted entirely to the start. You see some noise but it doesn't feel random anymore.
now let's take a jump into potentially infinite sequences:
// *shuffled again, for this snippet
function *shuffled(iterable, bufferSize = 256){
var buffer, numValues = 0, randomIndex;
if(Array.isArray(iterable) && iterable.length <= bufferSize){
buffer = iterable.slice();
numValues = iterable.length;
}else{
buffer = Array( bufferSize )
for(var value of iterable){
buffer[numValues++] = value;
if(numValues === bufferSize){
randomIndex = 0|(Math.random() * (numValues-1));
yield buffer[randomIndex];
buffer[randomIndex] = buffer[--numValues];
}
}
}
while(numValues){
randomIndex = 0|(Math.random() * (numValues-1));
yield buffer[randomIndex];
buffer[randomIndex] = buffer[--numValues];
}
}
//creates an infinite sequence of numbers
function *count(){
for(var index = 0; true;)
yield index++;
}
//like limits a iterator but for iterators
function *take(n, iterator){
for(var value of iterator){
if(n-- > 0) yield value;
else break;
}
}
//create an (infinite) counter and convert it into a generator of shuffled values
//with a bufferSize of 256 entries (play a bit with that value)
var shuffledSequence = shuffled(count(), 256);
//to convert that into an Array we take the first 1000 values generated from that generator
var array = [...take(1000, shuffledSequence)];
//and log it
console.log(array.toString());
what do you mean like this below:
function next() {
function all() {
return [].concat(Array(10).fill(null).map(function (_, index) {
return index;
}));
}
function random(start, end) {
return parseInt(Math.random() * (end + 1 - start)) + start;
}
var self = this;
self.all = self.all && self.all.length && self.all || all().sort(function(){
return random(-1, 1);
});
return self.all.shift();}
var results=Array(4).fill(null).map(next);
console.log(results);
my be this is better for browser to run.
var it = {
next: function () {
var self = this;
self._all = self._all && self._all.length && self._all || self.shuffle(self.all());
return self._all.shift();
},
all: function () {
return [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
},
random: function (start, end) {
if (!end && end != 0) {
end = start;
start = 0;
}
return parseInt(Math.random() * (end + 1 - start)) + start;
},
shuffle: function (array) {
var self = this;
for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
self.swap(array, i, self.random(i));
}
return array;
},
swap: function (array, i, j) {
var tmp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = tmp;
},
reset: function () {
this._all = null;
}
};
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
var results=[];
for(var n=0;n<4;n++) results.push(it.next());
console.log("retain:"+it._all + '>>generated:' + results);
it.reset();
}
Edit
Takes four unique numbers out of the choose array. Is that what you're after?
var yourNum = [],
oppNum = [],
choose = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
function chooseRandomNumber() {
return choose[Math.floor(Math.random() * choose.length)];
}
var rand;
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
rand = chooseRandomNumber();
yourNum.push(rand);
choose.splice(choose.indexOf(rand), 1);
}
console.log(choose);
console.log(yourNum);
Old approach:
var start = 0, end = 9;
function generate(count) {
var nums = [],
random;
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
while (!random || nums.indexOf(random) !== -1) {
random = Math.floor(Math.random() * (end + 1)) + start;
}
nums.push(random);
}
return nums;
}
console.log(
generate(4)
);
Demo:
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
min = Math.ceil(min);
max = Math.floor(max);
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}
var yourNums = [];
var choose = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
yourNums = yourNums.concat(choose.splice(getRandomInt(0, choose.length), 1))
}
console.log("yourNums is:")
console.log(yourNums);
console.log("===")
console.log("choose is:")
console.log(choose);

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