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How to save click path as JSON?

Let's say I have a quiz written in JavaScript. There are four different possible answers to each question. The participant clicks his way through the quiz one by one, he can cancel it at any time.
Now I want to save the user's click path including the respective timestamps. My idea is to record the click path as a JavaScript object and to transfer this object to the server via AJAX and save it in a JSON file after each click. Does that make sense?
The tricky things seem to me to be (1) to update the correct object (the correct line(s) in the JSON file) within a quiz session (no session cookies) for each click from the second click and (2) to append a new object for a new quiz session, both, if possible, without reading and rewriting the entire JSON file every time.
Your opinions and ideas are appreciated.
Edit: I have control over the backend and I'm using PHP.

Now I want to save the user's click path including the respective timestamps. My idea is to record the click path as a JavaScript object and to transfer this object to the server via AJAX and save it in a JSON file after each click.
Rather than sending the object to the server via Ajax and saving it in a .json file, you can, more simply, store a JSON (including timestamps) in localStorage and update it there.
See the localStorage API:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage
localStorage is both:
more robust / persistent than keeping the data in an object
less elaborate than Ajax-ing data to the server repeatedly

How do i get all the data passing in WebSocket

I want to know how to get all the data passed on the WebSocket
I alredy tryied using FireFox to see but all the data are strange unicode text and symbols (game link is https://sploop.io) is there an way to maybe decrypt it?
I also tryied using
var data= new WebSocket("usa1.sploop.io/ws")
data.onmessage = (sa)=>{console.log(sa)}
And after some actions in the game the code logged an object that didnt have any of the data...

You're already getting all the data the WebSocket is receiving. The problem is that the data is "encoded" binary data using the game's protocol. The scripts in Sploop.io know how to decode this data (and encode new data to be sent back), but since you don't "speak" that protocol, it looks like gibberish to you.
Problem aside, you can have fun and all, but trying to cheat or so isn't nice towards other players.

How to send data to another page without using cookies or JS in PHP?

So, I have a PHP file that runs an SQL(MySql) query and gets the result. I need that page to send that result to another page automatically(I can use PHP in the receiving page). However, I want to make my website accessible to privacy-sensitive people who disable cookies and javascript on their browsers. I'm not using any PHP frameworks.
An initial page that runs the query only runs in the backend like a controller so it does not have any HTML in it. This means I cannot use a hidden form and make the user submit it with a button. I thought about sessions but they need cookies to work and JSON needs javascript. I thought about sending the data in the URL but the query result is quite big and I was afraid it could exceed some kind of URL length limits(if such thing exists). Is there a way to achieve this reliably?
EDIT: To clarify some things, the data I am sending is a search result so the query changes depending on the users input(which was provided to the page which runs the query with a form).

Store data somewhere and send id or something through query string and access data from database through that id from query string. Sending too much data is not advisable through cookies, session or even query string just pass your unique id and grab data from db.
Happy coding.

How to acquire data from users online?

I prepare to perform a simple project and I don’t know what I should use to accomplish this. I need to receive a data entered by a user (via a webpage) and store them somewhere. I need them to be able to search and returned on the user request. I’m a little old-fashioned so I assumed that should be a file on ftp managed by some python or JS script? I really don’t know where to start so please advise.
project

Have you considered storing data in a database?
You can use MySQL. It's quite simple after you understand how a database table works.
Data are stored in a table. Table is a part of a database with other tables.
Each table has columns you create. Data are added to the table in rows.
For example, let's say a user sends you their name 'Brian'.
You can have a table called 'users'. In that table, you can create a column 'id' of the user (read about it later, including auto incrementing), and 'name'.
You insert the data into that table. Brian is now in a table with his own ID, like this:
id Name
----------------
1 Brian
Check this out:
SQL tutorial

Possible solution i would recommend:
create a mysql server
create a backend (links for Java)
rest-service https://spring.io/guides/gs/rest-service/
access DB https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/docs/1.5.0.RELEASE/reference/html/repositories.html
put the parts together
get/save the data on your webpage with xhr2.

Get values (a array) out a mysql database by opening a php file on a other host

This is wat needs to happen:
I need to get user information out a MySql database.
But i don't want to insert the password of my database in the php file. Because that file won't be hosted on my own server. Nobody must see that password when they access the server by ftp and edit the php file.
My first solution that didn't work was opening a php file from my own host and reading the output (i made a script that connects to the database and outputs a long string) and converted the output to an array by splitting the values.
This did not work because of security reasons in php.
I can't create a extra account for my database that has read-only access because my host won't allow me. (hostinger.co.uk)
I also thought about using a iFrame and load the file on my host. And read it using javascript to read it. But again, security won't allow me to edit it.
Does someone know a way to fix this?

OPTION 1:
Since you want to make sure your buddies server doesn't have access to the MySQL server info (username, password, etc), your safest bet is to connect to the database from your server, and just communicate between the two servers what needs to be retrieved.
As Darren mentioned in the comments, an API would do this just fine. Since there are a lot of open source libraries out there that can get the job done, I will recommend you one: pheanstalk
pheanstalk is a php client that works on top of the beanstalk library, which is basically a queue.
You could set up a queue on each server, and configure the communication to happen between the 2 servers. Then you would have worker.php scripts running every second (or 10 seconds or however so often you like) looking for commands being sent from 1 server, taking those commands in, processing them, and sending back the information to the main computer.
OPTION 2:
Instead of accessing your database, you can create a copy of yours, and have his server contain a copy.
Key points of option 2:
If his server isn't capable of carrying a full fledged MySQL database, there is MySQLi, which is very similar, but the only difference is that it is basically a file that you keep in your server. That is the benefit since it is LIGHT (hence the "i" from MySQLi). The downside is that the database isn't as "powerful", some operations might be limited, though that is to be expected, but good none the less.
If your friend has a database however, then better yet since it will have all the capabilities.
Now since I am assuming you would need to keep their copy of your database up-to-date, you can create a function that would send a request to your buddies server on what was updated. This is an API since it is intercommunication between processes behind the scenes, but probably wouldn't need any root access as some other API's might require.
Though the hastle here is that you would literally have to call that function every time you do any updates... :(
Edited:
OPTION 3
After talking a bit with the OP in the comments, another possibility came up. In his particular case, he might be willing to have a file in a public directory available for his buddies user to read. For example, lets say his file was located in:
http://www.example.com/hiddenfiles/dfjios4wr238##.txt
To access what is inside that file, you would have to know the name (and the name was specifically designed to work as a password, hence even though the information isn't sensative for the OP's specific situation, it's always best practice to stay consistent and think safe xD).
To access the file, the following could be done:
$path = 'http://www.example.com/hiddenfiles/dfjios4wr238##.txt';
$fileHandle = fopen($path, "r");
while ($line = fgets($fileHandle))
{
echo "--> {$line}";
}
fclose();