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Issues passing form data to PHP using Ajax

I originally had a regular HTML form that submitted the data entered through a button, which redirected the user to the PHP code page ran the code and everything worked.
Since everything now is confirmed working I need to pass the variables in the form to PHP using Ajax instead to keep the user on the original page.
All of my code checks out everywhere except for any Ajax request I use in the below function. The function correctly grabs all the variables from the form but no matter what form of Ajax or $.post that I use it fails to pass anything.
I am trying to pass all data to http://localhost/send-email.php and respond to the user with a pop up including the echo response from the PHP code.
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"
function capacity(){
var fullname = document.getElementById("fullname").value;
var time = document.getElementById("time").value;
var aux = document.getElementById("aux").value;
var issue = document.getElementById("issue").value;
var issueid = document.getElementById("issueid").value;
var reason = document.getElementById("reason").value;
}
Like I said I read all documentation on Ajax and followed many examples on here but i could not get anything to work. Any help on what my Ajax call should look like is appreciated.

There are a couple of different ways you can POST in the backend.
Method 1 (POST Serialize Array from Form) -
jQuery.post()
$.post('/send-email.php', $('form').serializeArray(), function(response) {
alert(response);
});
Method 2 (Structure Object and POST Object) -
jQuery.post()
var formObject = {
fullname: $('#fullname').val(),
time: $('#time').val(),
aux: $('#aux').val(),
issue: $('#issue').val(),
issueid: $('#issueid').val(),
reason: $('#reason').val()
};
$.post('/send-email.php', formObject, function(response) {
alert(response);
});
Method 3 (Use AJAX to POST Serialize Array from Form) -
jQuery.ajax()
$.ajax({
method: 'POST',
url: '/send-email.php',
data: $('form').serializeArray(),
}).done(function(response) {
alert(response);
});
Method 4 (Use AJAX to POST Form Data) -
jQuery.ajax() - FormData Objects
var formData = new FormData();
formData.append('fullname', $('#fullname').val());
formData.append('time', $('#time').val());
formData.append('aux', $('#aux').val());
formData.append('issue', $('#issue').val());
formData.append('issueid', $('#issueid').val());
formData.append('reason', $('#reason').val());
$.ajax({
url: '/send-email.php',
dataType: 'json',
contentType: false,
processData: false,
data: formData,
type: 'POST',
success: function(response) {
alert(response);
}
});
Virtually, there are many different methods to achieving what you are attempting.

AJAX call using IIFE? Can't seem to get .done to work the same as a regular function

I currently have an AJAX call out to a PHP file that works, that is the following:
//Load map from database
function getMap(){
return $.ajax({
url: "getMap.php",
type: "POST",
dataType: 'JSON',
});
};
getMap().done(function(r) {
if (r) {
loadedMap(JSON.parse(r.mapArray), JSON.parse(r.mapProperties)); //call loadedMap(r) if loading a map from DB
} else {
console.log("No data");
}
}).fail(function(x) {
console.log("error");
});
That works within a single javascript file that successfully passes r.mapArray and r.mapProperties to my main loadedMap function.
I'm trying to learn about the IIFE Javascript Module model, and split my work up into separate files.
So, I currently have main.js:
(function() {
// let's get our map
var gameMap = mapGen.getMap().done();
console.log(gameMap);
})();
and mapGen.js:
var mapGen = function() {
return {
getMap: function() {
return $.ajax({
url: "getMap.php",
type: "POST",
dataType: 'JSON',
});
}
};
}()
If I console.log(gameMap), I see the responseText JSON object with my data. I just can't seem to access it. console.log(gameMap.responseText) is undefined. as is gameMap.responseJSON (though I see both of them in the console).

Looking the code over it looks as the the separation of the files was not the issue and that looks to be implemented correctly. The issue is with how you are handling the AJAX request. The function mapGen.getMap() actually returns a jqXHR Object as opposed to the response that you are trying to access.
Just as you had in your previous file, you will need handle the response of your request.
(function() {
// let's get our map request
var gameMap = mapGen.getMap();
gameMap.done(function(r){ ... }).
fail(function(x){ ... });
})();
You will be able to access the response data you are looking for within the done() function.

extract object of responseJSON

I solved a synchronous problem with ajax that way to use deferred function.
I get as an response now big object with statusResponse etc etc inside.
My JSONP Objects are also successfully stored in responseJSON Object. How Can I extract it or save it in another variable ?
var web = new webService();
web.init(app.info);
and here the class
function webService() {
this.init = function(app) {
var d = this.connect(app).done(function(){});
console.log(d);
}
this.connect = function(app) {
console.log(app);
return $.ajax({
url: 'working url',
dataType: 'jsonp',
jsonp: 'jsoncallback',
timeout: 5000
});
}
}

.done() is going to be called when the data has returned (but through a parameter). So, make sure you add a parameter to your callback function then inspect it for whatever you want out of it.
this.connect(app).done(function(mydata){
// mydata = the response object
// grab whatever information you want from it here.
});

Add additional data to jQuery wrapped object data in $.ajax call

I have this working code:
jQuery.ajax({
type: 'post',
url: 'http://www.someurl.com/callback.php',
dataType: 'json',
data: jQuery(':input[name^="option"][type=\'checkbox\']:checked, :input[name^="option"][type=\'text\']'),
complete: function (mydata) {
//do something with it
}
});
That successfully posts back any checked checkboxes and all textboxes. But now I want to add some arbitrary data as well to this. But not sure how to format it. Basically i want to simply add my own name=value pair "test=1" so that on the callback I see it like the others. But no matter what I try, I can't see to get the syntax correct in the format it expects. not sure if I should be adding it inside the jQuery() wrap or outside.. I've tried serializing, encodeURIComponent, basic string "&test=1"
Any ideas?

Your best bet is to build the parameters outside of the AJAX call, like so:
var params = jQuery(':input[name^="option"][type=\'checkbox\']:checked, :input[name^="option"][type=\'text\']');
params.test = 1;
params.test2 = 2;
Then in your AJAX call, simply use:
jQuery.ajax({
type: 'post',
url: 'http://www.someurl.com/callback.php',
dataType: 'json',
data: params,
complete: function (mydata) {
//do something with it
}
});
EDIT: Typically when using jQuery to collect input, I tend to use the .each function, like so:
var params = new Object();
$.each('input[name^=option]', function() {
if ((this.type === 'checkbox' && $(this).is(':checked')) || this.type === 'text' && this.value !== '') {
params[this.name] = this.value;
}
});
Then if you wish to add parameters, you'd do so either after this, or right after creating your new object.

I forgot I asked this previously. It was answered correctly so I'm sharing the link:
How can I pass form data AND my own variables via jQuery Ajax call?

Send JavaScript object to web server call via jQuery - what is the correct way?

I'm trying to send JSON data to my web server via jQuery and I'm running into an error.
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'context' in {"id":45,"isRead":true}
code I am testing:
var obj = {};
obj.id = 45;
obj.isRead = true;
var data = JSON.stringify(obj);
var url = "/notification/read"
$.ajax(url, data, 'application/json', function() {
// code remove notification from the DOM
});
});
Is there a better or more correct way to do this? Not sure if I'm getting the params right on the $.ajax call either.
UPDATE
code I got to work
var obj = {
id: 45,
isRead: true
};
var json = JSON.stringify(obj);
var url = "/notification/read"
$.ajax({ url: url,
type:'POST',
contentType: 'application/json',
data: json,
success: function(data, textStatus) {
// do stuff
}
});
My server was expecting JSON data POSTed as application/json. So was I wrong in thinking I needed all these variables? without these it was sent as a GET and was application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Without the stringify it also didn't work.

You are passing too many arguments to the ajax function: http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/
Also, the JSON.stringify call is not necessary, jQuery will take care of that for you.
var obj = {
'id':45,
'isRead':true
};
$.ajax({
url: "/notification/read",
data: obj,
success: function(data, textStatus){
/* code here */
}
});

$.ajax(url, obj);
You need to send an object as second param
{success: success, data: data}

Documentation is here:
http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/
You have to pass parameters as one object, not multiple ones