Calculate the mathematical difference of each element between two arrays - javascript

Given two array of same length, return an array containing the mathematical difference of each element between two arrays.
Example:
a = [3, 4, 7]
b = [3, 9, 10 ]
results: c = [(3-3), (9-4), (10,7)] so that c = [0, 5 3]
let difference = []
function calculateDifferenceArray(data_one, data_two){
let i = 0
for (i in data_duplicates) {
difference.push(data_two[i]-data_one[i])
}
console.log(difference)
return difference
}
calculateDifferenceArray((b, a))
It does work.
I am wondering if there is a more elegant way to achieve the same

Use map as following:
const a = [3, 4, 7]
const b = [3, 9, 10]
const c = b.map((e, i) => e - a[i])
// [0, 5, 3]

for-in isn't a good tool for looping through arrays (more in my answer here).
"More elegant" is subjective, but it can be more concise and, to my eyes, clear if you use map:
function calculateDifferenceArray(data_one, data_two){
return data_one.map((v1, index) => data_two[index] - v1)
}
calculateDifferenceArray(b, a) // < Note just one set of () here
Live Example:
const a = [3, 4, 7];
const b = [3, 9, 10 ];
function calculateDifferenceArray(data_one, data_two){
return data_one.map((v1, index) => v1 - data_two[index]);
}
console.log(calculateDifferenceArray(b, a));
or if you prefer it slightly more verbose for debugging et. al.:
function calculateDifferenceArray(data_one, data_two){
return data_one.map((v1, index) => {
const v2 = data_two[index]
return v1 - v2
})
}
calculateDifferenceArray(b, a)
A couple of notes on the version of this in the question:
It seems to loop over something (data_duplicates?) unrelated to the two arrays passed into the method.
It pushes to an array declared outside the function. That means if you call the function twice, it'll push the second set of values into the array but leave the first set of values there. That declaration and initialization should be inside the function, not outside it.
You had two sets of () in the calculateDifferenceArray call. That meant you only passed one argument to the function, because the inner () wrapped an expression with the comma operator, which takes its second operand as its result.
You had the order of the subtraction operation backward.

You could use higher order array method map. It would work something like this:
let a = [2,3,4];
let b = [3,5,7];
let difference = a.map((n,i)=>n-b[i]);
console.log(difference);
you can read more about map here

Related

Write function outputs to file in javascript [duplicate]

Let's suppose I wanted a sort function that returns a sorted copy of the inputted array. I naively tried this
function sort(arr) {
return arr.sort();
}
and I tested it with this, which shows that my sort method is mutating the array.
var a = [2,3,7,5,3,7,1,3,4];
sort(a);
alert(a); //alerts "1,2,3,3,3,4,5,7,7"
I also tried this approach
function sort(arr) {
return Array.prototype.sort(arr);
}
but it doesn't work at all.
Is there a straightforward way around this, preferably a way that doesn't require hand-rolling my own sorting algorithm or copying every element of the array into a new one?
You need to copy the array before you sort it. One way with es6:
const sorted = [...arr].sort();
The spread-syntax as array literal (copied from mdn):
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
var arr2 = [...arr]; // like arr.slice()
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator
Just copy the array. There are many ways to do that:
function sort(arr) {
return arr.concat().sort();
}
// Or:
return Array.prototype.slice.call(arr).sort(); // For array-like objects
Try the following
function sortCopy(arr) {
return arr.slice(0).sort();
}
The slice(0) expression creates a copy of the array starting at element 0.
You can use slice with no arguments to copy an array:
var foo,
bar;
foo = [3,1,2];
bar = foo.slice().sort();
You can also do this
d = [20, 30, 10]
e = Array.from(d)
e.sort()
This way d will not get mutated.
function sorted(arr) {
temp = Array.from(arr)
return temp.sort()
}
//Use it like this
x = [20, 10, 100]
console.log(sorted(x))
Update - Array.prototype.toSorted() proposal
The Array.prototype.toSorted(compareFn) -> Array is a new method which was proposed to be added to the Array.prototype and is currently in stage 3 (Soon to be available).
This method will keep the target Array untouched and returns a copy of it with the change performed instead.
Anyone who wants to do a deep copy (e.g. if your array contains objects) can use:
let arrCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(arr))
Then you can sort arrCopy without changing arr.
arrCopy.sort((obj1, obj2) => obj1.id > obj2.id)
Please note: this can be slow for very large arrays.
Try this to sort the numbers. This does not mutate the original array.
function sort(arr) {
return arr.slice(0).sort((a,b) => a-b);
}
There's a new tc39 proposal, which adds a toSorted method to Array that returns a copy of the array and doesn't modify the original.
For example:
const sequence = [3, 2, 1];
sequence.toSorted(); // => [1, 2, 3]
sequence; // => [3, 2, 1]
As it's currently in stage 3, it will likely be implemented in browser engines soon, but in the meantime a polyfill is available here or in core-js.
I think that my answer is a bit too late but if someone come across this issue again the solution may be useful.
I can propose yet another approach with a native function which returns a sorted array.
This code still mutates the original object but instead of native behaviour this implementation returns a sorted array.
// Remember that it is not recommended to extend build-in prototypes
// or even worse override native functions.
// You can create a seperate function if you like
// You can specify any name instead of "sorted" (Python-like)
// Check for existence of the method in prototype
if (typeof Array.prototype.sorted == "undefined") {
// If it does not exist you provide your own method
Array.prototype.sorted = function () {
Array.prototype.sort.apply(this, arguments);
return this;
};
}
This way of solving the problem was ideal in my situation.
You can also extend the existing Array functionality. This allows chaining different array functions together.
Array.prototype.sorted = function (compareFn) {
const shallowCopy = this.slice();
shallowCopy.sort(compareFn);
return shallowCopy;
}
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
.filter(x => x % 2 == 0)
.sorted((l, r) => r - l)
.map(x => x * 2)
// -> [12, 8, 4]
Same in typescript:
// extensions.ts
Array.prototype.sorted = function (compareFn?: ((a: any, b: any) => number) | undefined) {
const shallowCopy = this.slice();
shallowCopy.sort(compareFn);
return shallowCopy;
}
declare global {
interface Array<T> {
sorted(compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number): Array<T>;
}
}
export {}
// index.ts
import 'extensions.ts';
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
.filter(x => x % 2 == 0)
.sorted((l, r) => r - l)
.map(x => x * 2)
// -> [12, 8, 4]

Best way to check if some coordinate is contained in an array (JavaScript)

When dealing with arrays of coordinates, seen as arrays of length 2, it is necessary to check if some coordinate is contained in that array. However, JavaScript cannot really do that directly (here I use that ES2016 method Array.includes, but with the more classical Array.indexOf the same issue appears):
const a = [[1,2],[5,6]];
const find = a.includes([5,6]);
console.log(find);
This returns false. This has always bothered me. Can someone explain to me why it returns false? To solve this issue, I usually define a helper function:
function hasElement(arr,el) {
return arr.some(x => x[0] === el[0] && x[1] === el[1])
}
The inner condition here could also be replaced by x.toString() === el.toString(). Then in the example above hasElement(a,[5,6]) returns true.
Is there a more elegant way to check the inclusion, preferably without writing helper functions?
You can use JSON.stringify method to convert the javascript object or value to a JSON string and then do the same for the array you want to search and just check if the main array includes the array you want to find.
const a = [[1,2],[5,6]], array = [5,6];
const find = JSON.stringify(a).includes(JSON.stringify(array));
console.log(find);
The reason is that in JavaScript, arrays are just objects and cannot be compared like values. Two object instances will never be equal, so even though they look identical to the eye, they are completely different objects and therefore will always be unequal. See:
console.log([5, 6] === [5, 6]) // false
The JavaScript Array class is a global object that is used in the construction of arrays; which are high-level, list-like objects.
You can try with find and destructure to simplify.
const a = [
[1, 2],
[5, 6]
];
const target = [5, 6];
// Method 1
const find = a.find(x => x.every(y => target.includes(y)));
// Method 2
const [xt, yt] = target;
const find2 = a.find(([x, y]) => xt === x && yt === y);
console.log(find, find2);
Referring back to Siva K V's answer. If you want to find the index of the first occurrence in the array where this is true, just replace find with findIndex (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/findIndex)
const a = [
[1, 2],
[5, 6]
];
const target = [5, 6];
// Method 1
const find = a.findIndex(x => x.every(y => target.includes(y)));
// Method 2
const [xt, yt] = target;
const find2 = a.findIndex(([x, y]) => xt === x && yt === y);
console.log(find, find2);

Does JS support sorting with a key function, rather than a comparator?

JavaScript's array.sort method takes an optional compare function as argument, which takes two arguments and decides which one of them is smaller than the other.
However, sometimes it would be more convenient to customize the sort order with a key function, which is a function that takes one value as an argument and assigns it a sort key. For example:
function keyFunc(value){
return Math.abs(value);
}
myArr = [1, 3, -2];
myArr.sort(keyFunc);
// the result should be [1, -2, 3]
Does JavaScript have support for this, or is there no way around writing a full-blown comparison function?
There's no support for exactly what you describe, but it's quite trivial to write a standard .sort function that achieves the same thing, with minimal code - just return the difference between calling keyFunc on the two arguments to sort:
function keyFunc(value){
// complicated custom logic here, if desired
return Math.abs(value);
}
myArr = [1, 3, -2];
myArr.sort((a, b) => keyFunc(a) - keyFunc(b));
console.log(myArr);
// the result should be [1, -2, 3]
If the key function is complicated and you don't want to run it more than necessary, then it would be pretty simple to create a lookup table for each input, accessing the lookup table if keyFunc has been called with that value before:
const keyValues = new Map();
function keyFunc(value){
const previous = keyValues.get(value);
if (previous !== undefined) return previous
console.log('running expensive operations for ' + value);
// complicated custom logic here, if desired
const result = Math.abs(value);
keyValues.set(value, result);
return result;
}
myArr = [1, 3, -2];
myArr.sort((a, b) => keyFunc(a) - keyFunc(b));
console.log(myArr);
// the result should be [1, -2, 3]
As stated already you have to write that functionality yourself or extend the current array sort method etc.
Another approach is if you ware using lodash and its orderBy method ... then this becomes:
myArr=[1, 3, -2];
const result = _.orderBy(myArr, Math.abs)
console.log(result)
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/4.17.11/lodash.min.js"></script>
You could use a closure over the wanted function.
const
keyFunc = value => Math.abs(value),
sortBy = fn => (a, b) => fn(a) - fn(b),
array = [1, 3, -2];
array.sort(sortBy(keyFunc));
console.log(array); // [1, -2, 3]
You can easily subtract the "keys" from the two elements:
myArr.sort((a, b) => keyFunc(a) - keyFunc(b));
You could also monkey patch sort:
{
const { sort } = Array.prototype;
Array.prototype.sort = function(sorter) {
if(sorter.length === 2) {
sort.call(this, sorter);
} else {
sort.call(this, (a, b) => sorter(a) - sorter(b));
}
};
}
So then:
myArr.sort(keyFunc);
works.

How do these extra parameters work with map()?

I'm working on better understanding functional programming in javascript, but I'm a bit confused by what I've seen fed to map functions. Take the example below:
const f = x => (a, b, c) => b + a;
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
const m = arr.map(f(1));
document.write(m);
When f returns a it will print each value, as expected. If it returns b it seems to return the index, and c will return the entire array for each value. Is there a reason to why this function works this way?
Array.prototype.map() callback function has three default parameters
The current element of the iteration
The index of the current element of the iteration
The array that .map() function was called upon
f returns a function which is set as callback of .map()
See also Array.from()
In your example, You are invoking map with a 3-ary callback where:
a -> current element
b -> current index
c -> original array
and returning c. Therefore, your result will be a new array containing a reference to the original array for every element iterated over.
Since you aren't doing anything with x, there is no need for a nested function here. A better example of how you can use this concept would be something like:
const add = a => b => a + b
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
const newArr = arr.map(add(3))
// [4, 5, 6, 7]
console.log(newArr)

Finding unique values in multiple arrays

I'm trying to solve a freeCodeCamp exercise with this goal:
Write a function that takes two or more arrays and returns a new array
of unique values in the order of the original provided arrays.
In other words, all values present from all arrays should be included
in their original order, but with no duplicates in the final array.
The unique numbers should be sorted by their original order, but the
final array should not be sorted in numerical order.
So what I do is concatenate all the arguments into a single array called everything. I then search the array for duplicates, then search the arguments for these duplicates and .splice() them out.
So far everything works as expected, but the last number of the last argument does not get removed and I can't really figure out why.
Can anybody please point out what I'm doing wrong? Please keep in mind that I'm trying to learn, so obvious things probably won't be obvious to me and need to be pointed out. Thanks in advance.
function unite(arr1, arr2, arr3) {
var everything = [];
//concat all arrays except the first one
for(var x = 0; x < arguments.length; x++) {
for(var y = 0; y < arguments[x].length; y++) {
everything.push(arguments[x][y]);
}
}
//function that returns duplicates
function returnUnique(arr) {
return arr.reduce(function(dupes, val, i) {
if (arr.indexOf(val) !== i && dupes.indexOf(val) === -1) {
dupes.push(val);
}
return dupes;
}, []);
}
//return duplicates
var dupes = returnUnique(everything);
//remove duplicates from all arguments except the first one
for(var n = 1; n < arguments.length; n++) {
for(var m = 0; m < dupes.length; m++) {
if(arguments[n].hasOwnProperty(dupes[m])) {
arguments[n].splice(arguments[n].indexOf(dupes[m]), 1);
}
}
}
//return concatenation of the reduced arguments
return arr1.concat(arr2).concat(arr3);
}
//this returns [1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 2]
unite([1, 3, 2], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);
Looks like you overcomplicated it a bit ;)
function unite() {
return [].concat.apply([], arguments).filter(function(elem, index, self) {
return self.indexOf(elem) === index;
});
}
res = unite([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1], [6, 7, 8]);
document.write('<pre>'+JSON.stringify(res));
Explanations
We split the problem into two steps:
combine arguments into one big array
remove non-unique elements from this big array
This part handles the first step:
[].concat.apply([], arguments)
The built-in method someArray.concat(array1, array2 etc) appends given arrays to the target. For example,
[1,2,3].concat([4,5],[6],[7,8]) == [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
If our function had fixed arguments, we could call concat directly:
function unite(array1, array2, array3) {
var combined = [].concat(array1, array2, array3);
// or
var combined = array1.concat(array2, array3);
but as we don't know how many args we're going to receive, we have to use apply.
someFunction.apply(thisObject, [arg1, arg2, etc])
is the same as
thisObject.someFunction(arg1, arg2, etc)
so the above line
var combined = [].concat(array1, array2, array3);
can be written as
var combined = concat.apply([], [array1, array2, array3]);
or simply
var combined = concat.apply([], arguments);
where arguments is a special array-like object that contains all function arguments (actual parameters).
Actually, last two lines are not going to work, because concat isn't a plain function, it's a method of Array objects and therefore a member of Array.prototype structure. We have to tell the JS engine where to find concat. We can use Array.prototype directly:
var combined = Array.prototype.concat.apply([], arguments);
or create a new, unrelated, array object and pull concat from there:
var combined = [].concat.apply([], arguments);
This prototype method is slightly more efficient (since we're not creating a dummy object), but also more verbose.
Anyways, the first step is now complete. To eliminate duplicates, we use the following method:
combined.filter(function(elem, index) {
return combined.indexOf(elem) === index;
})
For explanations and alternatives see this post.
Finally, we get rid of the temporary variable (combined) and chain "combine" and "dedupe" calls together:
return [].concat.apply([], arguments).filter(function(elem, index, self) {
return self.indexOf(elem) === index;
});
using the 3rd argument ("this array") of filter because we don't have a variable anymore.
Simple, isn't it? ;) Let us know if you have questions.
Finally, a small exercise if you're interested:
Write combine and dedupe as separate functions. Create a function compose that takes two functions a and b and returns a new function that runs these functions in reverse order, so that compose(a,b)(argument) will be the same as b(a(argument)). Replace the above definition of unite with unite = compose(combine, dedupe) and make sure it works exactly the same.
You can also try this :
var Data = [[1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1], [6, 7, 8]]
var UniqueValues = []
for (var i = 0; i < Data.length; i++) {
 UniqueValues = [...new Set(UniqueValues.concat(Data[i]))]
}
console.log(UniqueValues)

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