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Trying to get the value of very next element of the current selected element using jQuery

I am trying to get the value of very next element of the current/selected element for example here is the list
<ul>
<li class="abc selected">test </li>
<li class="abc">test1 </li>
<li class="abc">test2 </li>
</ul>
From the above code I am trying to get the value of "a" tag which is very next to the selected li, in above case I am try to get the value of a tag which is test1 and this "a" tag is within the very next li after the selected one.
I tried to use the jQuery below but its fetching the empty result. Any help
var linktext1= jQuery(".selected").next("li a").text();
alert (linktext1);

The selector string passed to .next will filter out the next element if it doesn't match the selector string. But the next element is a li, not an a, so .next('li a') won't work.
Use .next("li").find('a') instead:
var linktext1 = jQuery(".selected").next("li").find('a').text();
console.log(linktext1);
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<ul>
<li class="abc selected">test </li>
<li class="abc">test1 </li>
<li class="abc">test2 </li>
</ul>
In this particular situation, though, there's no need for a li selector to pass to .next, because what is .selected will be a li, so any of its siblings will also be lis:
var linktext1 = jQuery(".selected").next().find('a').text();
console.log(linktext1);
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<ul>
<li class="abc selected">test </li>
<li class="abc">test1 </li>
<li class="abc">test2 </li>
</ul>

I think you should remove "li a" and it works. Below is the code
var linktext1= jQuery(".selected").next().text();
alert (linktext1);
Here is the example jsfiddle

JQuery get the value from <li>

trying to get the value from the <li> in JQuery click event.
I'm using an unordered list as a selection table in place of a real dropdown list.
HTML:
<ul id="dropdown">
<li value="1">user name</li>
<li value="2">user age</li>
<li value="3">user height</li>
</ul>
JS:
$('#contactdiv1 #dropdown li').click(function(e) {
var selection = $(this).text(); //this alerts name
var selection = $(this).value(); // this fails object undefined
var selection = $(this).find("value").text(); // this is blank
alert(selection);
//populateTableRow($('#customer-title'), data, selection);
});

First of all, you should not be using value attribute on <ul> it is reserved only for <ol>.
You could allways use $("selector").attr("attribute") to get the value of any attribute present in your element.
As told in the comments, you should be using a data-* attribute for everything that is not pure HTML.

Get attribute using .attr value works on form/input elements its not a valid attribute for li
$('#dropdown li').click(function(e) {
alert($(this).attr("value"))
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<ul id="dropdown">
<li value="1">user name</li>
<li value="2">user age</li>
<li value="3">user height</li>
</ul>

How to get specific element javascript based on style

I need to acces an element that has a certain style.
This is my structure
<ul>
<li> Hi </li>
<li> bye </li>
<li> third one </li>
</ul>
The list items are placed on top of each other (last one first) and I can dislike something or like something. Once I do that, it gets a style display:none like following:
<ul>
<li> Hi </li>
<li> bye </li>
<li style:"display:none;"> third one </li>
</ul>
Now after I did that I want to be able to acces the last element that does not have display:none, (the bye) how can I do this?
I was thinking of something in the form of:
var myId = $("#slider > ul li").last().attr("id");
But obviously I always get the ID of the item that is hidden since its still there.
Can I do something like select last where !display:hidden ?

Can I do something like select last where !display:hidden ?
Yes, with jQuery's :visible pseudo-class:
var myId = $("#slider > ul li:visible").last().attr("id");
(Note: Your li elements don't actually have id values, but that's a tweak.)
Live Example:
var listItem = $("#slider > ul li:visible").last();
$("<p>")
.text("Text of last visible item: " + listItem.text())
.appendTo(document.body);
<div id="slider">
<ul>
<li>Hi</li>
<li>bye</li>
<li style="display:none;">third one</li>
</ul>
</div>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

Can use ':visible' selector
var myId = $("#slider > ul li:visible").last().attr("id");

It should work using:
$("#slider > ul li:visible").last().attr("id");
https://api.jquery.com/visible-selector/

so your inline styling is a bit off it should be
<ul>
<li> Hi </li>
<li> bye </li>
<li style="display:none;"> third one </li>
</ul>
You could do a few different things, best is probably just iterate through and check for where display = none, then go to the previous element:
$('ul').children().each(function(e) {
if($(this)[0].style.display == 'none') {
console.log($(this).prev());
}
})

How to get the value of data attribute using jquery

I am working on a node.js application which generates a html page. This html page displays a list of associates built according to the data passed onto this page. A list is built something like as follows:
<ul class="notification-body" style="">
//loop for all assocaite id's passed to this page
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="<%= assocID %>">
<span>
<span class="subject">
<label class="btnClass label label-info">ClickMe!</label>
</span>
</span>
</li>
The generated html src looks something like this:
<ul class="notification-body" style="">
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA01">
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA02">
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA03">
I am trying to get the value of the data attribute using Jquery & I tried the following:
$(".btnClass").click(function(){
console.log($".testClass").attr("data-associateid"));
});
But this outputs'AA01'everytime i click on the btn and I am not getting the expected output in the console:
AA01
AA02
AA03
I tried the following also but it gives me undefined:
$(".btnClass").click(function(){
console.log($(this).find(".testClass").attr("data-associateid"));
});

You need to use jQuery.data().
I've created a jsFiddle to show this working.
I've closed the LI because AR.
<ul class="notification-body" style="">
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA01">1</li>
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA02">2</li>
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA03">3</li>
</ul>
Here's the JavaScript:
$(document).ready(function() {
$('.testClass').on('click', function(){
alert( $(this).data('associateid') );
});
});
Anytime you have an attribute that starts with data-, you can reference the string after the dash as a data container. Here, I'm calling jQuery.data() on an object (the LI) and asking for the data in the container associateID.

What you are currently doing:
$(".btnClass").click(function(){
console.log($(".testClass").attr("data-associateid"));
});
Will match the first instance of .testClass and print the data-associateid attribute. What you seem to want to do is to iterate over all .testClass and print their data-associateid values:
$(".btnClass").click(function(){
$(".testClass").each(function() {
console.log($(this).attr('data-associateid'));
});
});
Based on your updated HTML you would do this:
$(".btnClass").click(function() {
var id = $(this).parents('.testClass').attr('data-associateid');
console.log(id);
});
This will search the parents of the clicked on .btnClass to find elements with the class .testClass.

To get the data for that instance you simply need to traverse to the parent <li>.
Within an event handler, this is the element that the event occured on. Use closest() to access the parent <li>
$(".btnClass").on('click', function(){
alert( $(this).closest('li').data('associateid') );
});

Assign different classes to your li elements like this:
<ul class="notification-body" style="">
<li class="testClass1" data-associateid="AA01">test 1</li>
<li class="testClass2" data-associateid="AA02">test 2</li>
<li class="testClass3" data-associateid="AA03">test 2</li>
</ul>
Note, that I closed your li and ul tags to have valid HTML.
And then you can select an element with its own class:
console.log($(".testClass2").attr("data-associateid"));
I created a JSFiddle for you:
http://jsfiddle.net/8rLpbk5m/

I had hoped you could do it with just a find but apparently not. You have to use each to loop through all the elements.
$(".btnClass").click(function(){
$(".testClass").each(function() {
console.log($(this).attr('data-associateid'));
});
});
View it here: http://jsfiddle.net/rt677qp5/

Using .data() is more logical in this case.
$(".btnClass").click(function() {
$(".testClass").each(function() {
alert($(this).data("associateid"));
})
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<ul class="notification-body" style="">
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA01"></li>
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA02"></li>
<li class="testClass" data-associateid="AA03"></li>
</ul>
<button class="btnClass"></button>

How to find the nearest parent element attribute value using Jquery

I am facing a problem on getting the nearest parent element attribute value using Jquery. Can anyone help me on this. My element structure is as below,
<ul class="Someclass">
<li><span id=3 class="heading"></span>
<ul>
<li>
<ul> <li><span ><button onclick= "redirect()"></button></span</li>
<ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<ul>
<script type="text/javascript">
function redirect() {
alert(....)
}
</script>
In the above code when i click that element having onclick event i want to get the value as 3 in alert() which is in the element having the class heading. The above code is in for loop so it will have more code like this in a same page.

Give this Try
function redirect(elem) {
alert($(elem).closest('.Someclass > li').children('span').attr('id'))
}
Change Markup to this:
<li><span><button onclick= "redirect(this)"></button></span</li>
this will reffer to the current object in DOM
By wrapping elem in $(elem) will convert it to jQuery object then you can traverse to the closest and find span
You can also filter that span with .children('span:first')
Fiddle Example

With your current code, pass the clicked element reference to the function like
<button onclick= "redirect(this)">asdf</button>
then
function redirect(el) {
alert($(el).closest('.Someclass > li').children('span').attr('id'))
}
Demo: Fiddle
Bu a more recommended way will be is to use jQuery event handlers like
<button class="redirect">asdf</button>
then
jQuery(function($){
$('.Someclass .redirect').click(function(){
alert($(this).closest('.Someclass > li').children('span').attr('id'))
})
})
Demo: Fiddle

This should do it.
alert($(this).closest('.heading').attr('id'));

$(".someclass li").click(function(){
$(this).closet('.heading').attr('id');
})

could you pass it on as a parameter to your redirect function? You'd somehow hold that value in a variable in your loop.

I got a solution if you can change the id and class to parent li
Working Demo
More about parent selector
Jquery
function redirect(elem) {
var myid = $(elem).parents(".heading").attr("id");
alert(myid);
}
HTML
<ul class="Someclass">
<li id="3" class="heading">
<ul>
<li>
<ul> <li><span ><button onclick="redirect(this)" id="haha">Go</button></span</li>
<ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<ul>