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Why does this not get the corresponding pixel

After drawing a triangle, I want to use the readPixels method to get the pixel information, but I can't get it with the following code.
const gl = document.querySelector("canvas").getContext("webgl2", {
preserveDrawingBuffer: true
});
render();
read(); // read in other event
function render() {
const fragment_center = `#version 300 es
precision highp float;
in vec3 HSV;
out vec4 fragColor;
vec3 hsv2rgb(vec3 c) {
vec4 K = vec4(1.0, 2.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 3.0);
vec3 p = abs(fract(c.xxx + K.xyz) * 6.0 - K.www);
return c.z * mix(K.xxx, clamp(p - K.xxx, 0.0, 1.0), c.y);
}
void main() {
vec3 color = hsv2rgb(HSV);
fragColor = vec4(color, 1.0);
}
`;
const vertex_center = `#version 300 es
precision highp float;
in vec2 position;
in vec2 offset;
in float hue;
out vec3 HSV;
void main() {
float x = offset.x + position.x + 0.15;
float y = offset.y + position.y + 0.3;
HSV = vec3(hue, y, x);
gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0, 1.0);
}
`;
const program = initProgram(gl, vertex_center, fragment_center);
const radius = 1;
const x1 = Math.cos((30 / 180) * Math.PI) * radius;
const y1 = Math.sin((30 / 180) * Math.PI) * radius;
const v_triangle = new Float32Array([0, radius, x1, -y1, -x1, -y1]);
let buffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, v_triangle, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
let gl_position = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "position");
gl.vertexAttribPointer(gl_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(gl_position);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, v_triangle.length / 2);
}
function read() {
const pixel = new Uint8Array(4);
gl.readPixels(0, 0.5, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
log(pixel);
}
function log(...args) {
const elem = document.createElement("pre");
elem.textContent = [...args].join(" ");
document.body.appendChild(elem);
}
function initProgram(gl, v, f) {
const vertexShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(vertexShader, v);
gl.compileShader(vertexShader);
let status = gl.getShaderParameter(vertexShader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS);
if (!status) alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(vertexShader));
const fragmentShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(fragmentShader, f);
gl.compileShader(fragmentShader);
status = gl.getShaderParameter(fragmentShader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS);
if (!status) alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader));
const program = gl.createProgram();
gl.attachShader(program, vertexShader);
gl.attachShader(program, fragmentShader);
gl.linkProgram(program);
gl.useProgram(program);
return program;
}
<canvas></canvas>
The above code does not get the corresponding pixels properly.
However, if I change the implementation to not use drawArrays and use a method like clearColor, I can get the pixels.
const gl = document.querySelector("canvas").getContext("webgl");
render();
read(); // read in same event
function render() {
gl.clearColor(.25, .5, .75, 1);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
}
function read() {
const pixel = new Uint8Array(4);
gl.readPixels(0, 0, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
log(pixel);
}
function log(...args) {
const elem = document.createElement("pre");
elem.textContent = [...args].join(' ');
document.body.appendChild(elem);
}
<canvas></canvas>

The coordinates for gl.readPixels are window (frambuffer) coordinates. These coordinates are integral and the top left is (0, 0). You actually read the pixel from the top left corner of the framebuffer. This fragment is not changed when you draw the triangle and contains the clear color. Read a fragment from a different position:
gl.readPixels(0, 0.5, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
gl.readPixels(200, 100, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
const canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
const gl = canvas.getContext("webgl2", {
preserveDrawingBuffer: true
});
render();
read(); // read in other event
function render() {
const fragment_center = `#version 300 es
precision highp float;
in vec3 HSV;
out vec4 fragColor;
vec3 hsv2rgb(vec3 c) {
vec4 K = vec4(1.0, 2.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 3.0);
vec3 p = abs(fract(c.xxx + K.xyz) * 6.0 - K.www);
return c.z * mix(K.xxx, clamp(p - K.xxx, 0.0, 1.0), c.y);
}
void main() {
vec3 color = hsv2rgb(HSV);
fragColor = vec4(color, 1.0);
}
`;
const vertex_center = `#version 300 es
precision highp float;
in vec2 position;
in vec2 offset;
in float hue;
out vec3 HSV;
void main() {
float x = offset.x + position.x + 0.15;
float y = offset.y + position.y + 0.3;
HSV = vec3(hue, y, x);
gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0, 1.0);
}
`;
const program = initProgram(gl, vertex_center, fragment_center);
const radius = 1;
const x1 = Math.cos((30 / 180) * Math.PI) * radius;
const y1 = Math.sin((30 / 180) * Math.PI) * radius;
const v_triangle = new Float32Array([0, radius, x1, -y1, -x1, -y1]);
let buffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, v_triangle, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
let gl_position = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "position");
gl.vertexAttribPointer(gl_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(gl_position);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, v_triangle.length / 2);
}
function read() {
const pixel = new Uint8Array(4);
const x = canvas.width/2;
const y = canvas.height/2;
gl.readPixels(x, y, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
log('(' + x + ', ' + y + '): ' + pixel);
}
function log(...args) {
const elem = document.createElement("pre");
elem.textContent = [...args].join(" ");
document.body.appendChild(elem);
}
function initProgram(gl, v, f) {
const vertexShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(vertexShader, v);
gl.compileShader(vertexShader);
let status = gl.getShaderParameter(vertexShader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS);
if (!status) alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(vertexShader));
const fragmentShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(fragmentShader, f);
gl.compileShader(fragmentShader);
status = gl.getShaderParameter(fragmentShader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS);
if (!status) alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader));
const program = gl.createProgram();
gl.attachShader(program, vertexShader);
gl.attachShader(program, fragmentShader);
gl.linkProgram(program);
gl.useProgram(program);
return program;
}
<canvas></canvas>

ThreeJS and Shadertoy with multiple buffers

I'm a newbie to ThreeJS and I have a Shadertoy shader (this one) that I want to embed in my webpage. It makes use of a buffer. I haven't been able to find much useful info on the topic. The main image shader applies a heatmap color scheme, while the buffer shader uses some math to solve the 2D heat equation, which is what the Shadertoy shader does. The buffer shader uses its previous state in these calculations. For reference, I followed the instructions in this Stackoverflow post.
Here's the main image:
out vec4 col;
uniform sampler2D tex;
void main()
{
float t = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy), 0).x;
col = vec4(
sqrt(t),
t * t * t,
max(sin(6.283 * t), 0.),
t
);
}
And here's the buffer:
#define R 8.
#define DT 0.1
out vec4 col;
uniform sampler2D tex;
uniform float alpha;
uniform vec2 iMouse;
vec4 laplace(vec2 p)
{
// 5-point stencil Laplacian
vec4 c = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p), 0);
vec4 lt = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p + vec2(-1, 0)), 0);
vec4 rt = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p + vec2(1, 0)), 0);
vec4 up = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p + vec2(0, -1)), 0);
vec4 dn = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p + vec2(0, 1)), 0);
return lt + up + rt + dn - (4. * c);
}
void main()
{
vec2 p = gl_FragCoord.xy;
if (distance(p, iMouse) < R)
{
col = vec4(1.0);
} else {
// Euler integration
vec4 T = texelFetch(tex, ivec2(p), 0);
vec4 iT = alpha * laplace(p);
col = T + iT * DT;
}
}
Here's my JS code:
let canvas, renderer, camera, renderTarg;
let size;
let count = 2;
let scene0, plane0, fragment0, uniforms0;
let scene1, plane1, fragment1, uniforms1;
let drawing = false;
let a = 1;
let coord = [200, 200];
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
// Set up canvas and renderers
canvas = document.getElementById("canv");
canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", startDraw);
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", draw);
canvas.addEventListener("mouseup", endDraw);
canvas.addEventListener("mouseout", endDraw);
size = window.innerHeight;
renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
canvas,
preserveDrawingBuffer: true
});
// Initialize objects and cameras
scene0 = new THREE.Scene();
scene1 = new THREE.Scene();
plane0 = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(2, 2);
plane1 = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(2, 2);
renderTarg = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(size, size);
// Load shaders
let loader = new THREE.FileLoader();
function next() {
count--;
if (count == 0)
load();
}
loader.load("static/buffer.frag", (dat) => {fragment0 = dat; next();});
loader.load("static/mainShader.frag", (dat) => {fragment1 = dat; next();});
});
function load() {
// Create meshes and apply shaders
uniforms0 = {tex: {value: new THREE.Texture()}, iMouse: {value: new THREE.Vector2()}, alpha: {value: a}};
uniforms1 = {tex: {value: new THREE.Texture()}};
let mat0 = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({fragmentShader: fragment0, uniforms: uniforms0, glslVersion: THREE.GLSL3});
let mat1 = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({fragmentShader: fragment1, uniforms: uniforms1, glslVersion: THREE.GLSL3});
let planeMesh0 = new THREE.Mesh(plane0, mat0);
let planeMesh1 = new THREE.Mesh(plane1, mat1);
scene0.add(planeMesh0);
scene1.add(planeMesh1);
camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1);
renderer.setSize(size, size, false);
animLoop();
}
function animLoop() {
// Render buffer
uniforms0.tex.value = renderTarg.texture;
uniforms0.iMouse.value.set(coord[0], coord[1]);
uniforms0.alpha.value = a;
renderer.render(scene0, camera, renderTarg);
// Render main
uniforms1.tex.value = renderTarg.texture;
renderer.render(scene1, camera);
window.requestAnimationFrame(animLoop);
}
/*
Event handlers for clicking and dragging, to trace path.
*/
const startDraw = (e) => {
drawing = true;
draw(e);
}
const draw = (e) => {
// Draw on canvas
if (drawing) {
let x = e.pageX - canvas.offsetLeft;
let y = size - (e.pageY - canvas.offsetTop);
coord = [x, y];
}
}
const endDraw = (e) => {
drawing = false;
}
When I run it I just get a black screen, no error messages. When I comment out the second call to renderer.render, I get a white circle that follows the cursor.
Thanks in advance.

Trying to pass texture from framebuffer results in L_INVALID_OPERATION : glDrawArrays: Source and destination textures of the draw are the same

I'm new to vanilla WebGL and trying to utilize framebuffers for post processing/advanced shaders. When I run my code I get the warning:
GL_INVALID_OPERATION : glDrawArrays: Source and destination textures of the draw are the same.
Here's my code so far. If anyone could point me to the right direction how to correctly utilize framebuffers to pass textures to the next pass. It's wrapped in a vue.js component but that shouldn't matter.
<template lang='pug'>
canvas
</template>
<script>
import { mapGetters } from 'vuex'
export default {
name: 'webGl',
created ()
{
this.static = {
af: null,
gl: null,
fr: 0,
shaders:
{
vertex: `
attribute vec2 a_position;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 1);
}`,
fragment: `
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
uniform float u_time;
uniform vec2 u_size;
uniform int u_frame;
uniform sampler2D u_texture;
const int maxIter = 15;
vec2 getPos() {
vec2 pos = ( gl_FragCoord.xy / u_size.xy ) - vec2(0.5);
pos.x *= u_size.x / u_size.y;
return pos;
}
vec2 cmult(vec2 a, vec2 b){
return vec2(a.x*b.x-a.y*b.y,a.x*b.y+a.y*b.x);
}
float length2(vec2 v){
return v.x*v.x+v.y*v.y;
}
vec2 map(vec2 pos){
return pos;
return vec2(pos.x * sqrt(1.-pos.y*pos.y*3.), pos.y * sqrt(1.-pos.x*pos.x*2.));
}
vec2 iterate(vec2 p, vec2 c){
vec2 p2 = cmult(p,p);
return p2 + c;
}
bool checkAbort(vec2 p, vec2 c){
return length2(p) > 400.;
}
float l2 = log(2.);
vec4 defaultColor ( void )
{
return vec4(0.35,0.35,0.35,1.0);
}
vec4 color(int iterations, vec2 p){
float col = .20 + (float(iterations) - log(log(length2(p)))/l2) / float(maxIter);
return defaultColor() * vec4(col);
}
void main( void ){
if (u_frame < 300)
{
vec2 c = map(getPos())*0.8 - vec2(0.5);
vec2 p = c + vec2(sin(-u_time), cos(u_time)) * 0.2;
float m;
for(int i = 0; i < maxIter ;i++) {
p = iterate(p,c);
if(checkAbort(p,c)){
gl_FragColor = color(i,p);
return;
}
}
gl_FragColor = defaultColor();
}
else
{
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_texture, gl_FragCoord.xy / u_size.xy);
}
}`,
program: null,
attributes: {},
uniforms: {},
time: 0
}
}
},
mounted ()
{
this.setInitWebGlContext()
this.setInitShaderProgram()
this.setInitAttributes(['a_position'])
this.setInitUniforms(['u_size', 'u_time', 'u_frame', 'u_texture'])
this.setInitGeometryBuffer()
this.setRenderLoop()
},
beforeDestroy ()
{
window.cancelAnimationFrame(this.static.af)
},
computed:
{
...mapGetters([
'getCalcs'
])
},
methods:
{
setInitWebGlContext ()
{
this.static.gl = this.$el.getContext('webgl')
if (this.static.gl === null)
{
console.log('Unable to initialize WebGL. Your browser or machine may not support it.')
}
},
setInitShaderProgram ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
this.static.shaders.program = gl.createProgram()
const vertexShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER)
const fragmentShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER)
gl.shaderSource(vertexShader, this.static.shaders.vertex)
gl.shaderSource(fragmentShader, this.static.shaders.fragment)
gl.compileShader(vertexShader)
gl.compileShader(fragmentShader)
gl.attachShader(this.static.shaders.program, vertexShader)
gl.attachShader(this.static.shaders.program, fragmentShader)
gl.linkProgram(this.static.shaders.program)
gl.useProgram(this.static.shaders.program)
},
setInitAttributes (keys)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const program = this.static.shaders.program
for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
{
this.static.shaders.attributes[keys[i]] = gl.getAttribLocation(program, keys[i])
}
},
setInitUniforms (keys)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const program = this.static.shaders.program
for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
{
this.static.shaders.uniforms[keys[i]] = gl.getUniformLocation(program, keys[i])
}
},
setInitGeometryBuffer ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const buffer = gl.createBuffer()
gl.bindBuffer(this.static.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer)
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array([-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0]), gl.STATIC_DRAW)
},
setCreateTexture ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const width = this.getCalcs.vw
const height = this.getCalcs.vh
const texture = gl.createTexture()
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, width, height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null)
return texture
},
setCreateFramebuffer ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const buffer = gl.createFramebuffer()
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, buffer)
const texture = this.setCreateTexture()
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture, 0)
return {
texture: texture,
buffer: buffer
}
},
setRenderLoop ()
{
this.static.af = window.requestAnimationFrame(this.setRenderLoop)
const gl = this.static.gl
const fb = this.static.fb
const width = this.getCalcs.vw
const height = this.getCalcs.vh
const attributes = this.static.shaders.attributes
const uniforms = this.static.shaders.uniforms
const mouse = this.static.shaders.mouse
const fr = this.static.fr
this.$el.width = width
this.$el.height = height
const bufferA = this.setCreateFramebuffer()
gl.viewport(0, 0, width, height)
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(attributes.a_position)
gl.vertexAttribPointer(attributes.a_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0)
gl.uniform2f(uniforms.u_size, width, height)
gl.uniform1f(uniforms.u_time, window.performance.now() / 3000)
gl.uniform1i(uniforms.u_frame, fr)
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6)
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, bufferA.texture)
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null)
gl.viewport(0, 0, width, height)
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(attributes.a_position)
gl.vertexAttribPointer(attributes.a_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0)
gl.uniform2f(uniforms.u_size, width, height)
gl.uniform1f(uniforms.u_time, window.performance.now() / 3000)
gl.uniform1i(uniforms.u_frame, fr)
gl.uniform1i(uniforms.u_texture, 0)
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6)
this.static.fr++
}
}
}
</script>
I'm now some steps further this code below is now working
<template lang='pug'>
canvas
</template>
<script>
import { mapGetters } from 'vuex'
import forEach from 'lodash/forEach'
export default {
name: 'webGl',
created ()
{
this.static = {
af: null,
gl: null,
fr: 0,
shaders:
{
noise:
{
vertex: `
attribute vec2 a_position;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 1);
}`,
fragment: `
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
uniform vec2 u_size;
vec2 hash( vec2 p ) {
p = vec2( dot(p,vec2(127.1,311.7)),
dot(p,vec2(269.5,183.3)));
return -1.0 + 2.0 * fract(sin(p) * 43758.5453123);
}
float noise( vec2 p ) {
const float K1 = 0.366025404;
const float K2 = 0.211324865;
vec2 i = floor(p + (p.x + p.y) * K1);
vec2 a = p - i + (i.x + i.y) * K2;
vec2 o = step(a.yx, a.xy);
vec2 b = a - o + K2;
vec2 c = a - 1.0 + 2.0 * K2;
vec3 h = max(0.5 - vec3(dot(a,a), dot(b,b), dot(c,c)), 0.0);
vec3 n = h * h * h * h * vec3(dot(a, hash(i + 0.0)), dot(b, hash(i + o)), dot(c, hash(i + 1.0)));
return dot(n, vec3(70.0));
}
void main( void ) {
vec2 vUv = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_size.xy;
vec3 rnd = vec3(noise(16.0 * vUv + 1.1), noise(16.0 * vUv + 2.2), noise(16.0 * vUv + 3.3));
gl_FragColor = vec4(rnd, 1.0);
}`,
program: null,
attributes:
{
a_position: null
},
uniforms:
{
u_size: null
}
},
fluid:
{
vertex: `
attribute vec2 a_position;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 1);
}`,
fragment: `
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
uniform vec2 u_size;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
vec2 normz(vec2 x) {
return x == vec2(0.0, 0.0) ? vec2(0.0, 0.0) : normalize(x);
}
vec3 advect(vec2 ab, vec2 vUv, vec2 step, float sc) {
vec2 aUv = vUv - ab * sc * step;
const float _G0 = 0.25; // center weight
const float _G1 = 0.125; // edge-neighbors
const float _G2 = 0.0625; // vertex-neighbors
// 3x3 neighborhood coordinates
float step_x = step.x;
float step_y = step.y;
vec2 n = vec2(0.0, step_y);
vec2 ne = vec2(step_x, step_y);
vec2 e = vec2(step_x, 0.0);
vec2 se = vec2(step_x, -step_y);
vec2 s = vec2(0.0, -step_y);
vec2 sw = vec2(-step_x, -step_y);
vec2 w = vec2(-step_x, 0.0);
vec2 nw = vec2(-step_x, step_y);
vec3 uv = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv)).xyz;
vec3 uv_n = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+n)).xyz;
vec3 uv_e = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+e)).xyz;
vec3 uv_s = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+s)).xyz;
vec3 uv_w = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+w)).xyz;
vec3 uv_nw = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+nw)).xyz;
vec3 uv_sw = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+sw)).xyz;
vec3 uv_ne = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+ne)).xyz;
vec3 uv_se = texture2D(u_image, fract(aUv+se)).xyz;
return _G0*uv + _G1*(uv_n + uv_e + uv_w + uv_s) + _G2*(uv_nw + uv_sw + uv_ne + uv_se);
}
void main( void ) {
const float _K0 = -20.0/6.0; // center weight
const float _K1 = 4.0/6.0; // edge-neighbors
const float _K2 = 1.0/6.0; // vertex-neighbors
const float cs = -0.6; // curl scale
const float ls = 0.05; // laplacian scale
const float ps = -0.8; // laplacian of divergence scale
const float ds = -0.05; // divergence scale
const float dp = -0.04; // divergence update scale
const float pl = 0.3; // divergence smoothing
const float ad = 6.0; // advection distance scale
const float pwr = 1.0; // power when deriving rotation angle from curl
const float amp = 1.0; // self-amplification
const float upd = 0.8; // update smoothing
const float sq2 = 0.6; // diagonal weight
vec2 vUv = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_size.xy;
vec2 texel = 1. / u_size.xy;
float step_x = texel.x;
float step_y = texel.y;
vec2 n = vec2(0.0, step_y);
vec2 ne = vec2(step_x, step_y);
vec2 e = vec2(step_x, 0.0);
vec2 se = vec2(step_x, -step_y);
vec2 s = vec2(0.0, -step_y);
vec2 sw = vec2(-step_x, -step_y);
vec2 w = vec2(-step_x, 0.0);
vec2 nw = vec2(-step_x, step_y);
vec3 uv = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv)).xyz;
vec3 uv_n = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+n)).xyz;
vec3 uv_e = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+e)).xyz;
vec3 uv_s = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+s)).xyz;
vec3 uv_w = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+w)).xyz;
vec3 uv_nw = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+nw)).xyz;
vec3 uv_sw = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+sw)).xyz;
vec3 uv_ne = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+ne)).xyz;
vec3 uv_se = texture2D(u_image, fract(vUv+se)).xyz;
vec3 lapl = _K0*uv + _K1*(uv_n + uv_e + uv_w + uv_s) + _K2*(uv_nw + uv_sw + uv_ne + uv_se);
float sp = ps * lapl.z;
float curl = uv_n.x - uv_s.x - uv_e.y + uv_w.y + sq2 * (uv_nw.x + uv_nw.y + uv_ne.x - uv_ne.y + uv_sw.y - uv_sw.x - uv_se.y - uv_se.x);
float sc = cs * sign(curl) * pow(abs(curl), pwr);
float div = uv_s.y - uv_n.y - uv_e.x + uv_w.x + sq2 * (uv_nw.x - uv_nw.y - uv_ne.x - uv_ne.y + uv_sw.x + uv_sw.y + uv_se.y - uv_se.x);
float sd = uv.z + dp * div + pl * lapl.z;
vec2 norm = normz(uv.xy);
vec3 ab = advect(vec2(uv.x, uv.y), vUv, texel, ad);
float ta = amp * ab.x + ls * lapl.x + norm.x * sp + uv.x * ds * sd;
float tb = amp * ab.y + ls * lapl.y + norm.y * sp + uv.y * ds * sd;
float a = ta * cos(sc) - tb * sin(sc);
float b = ta * sin(sc) + tb * cos(sc);
vec3 abd = upd * uv + (1.0 - upd) * vec3(a,b,sd);
abd.z = clamp(abd.z, -1.0, 1.0);
abd.xy = clamp(length(abd.xy) > 1.0 ? normz(abd.xy) : abd.xy, -1.0, 1.0);
gl_FragColor = vec4(abd, 0.0);
}`,
program: null,
attributes:
{
a_position: null
},
uniforms:
{
u_size: null
}
},
colorize:
{
vertex: `
attribute vec2 a_position;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 1);
}`,
fragment: `
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
uniform vec2 u_size;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
void main( void ) {
vec2 texel = 1. / u_size.xy;
vec2 uv = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_size.xy;
vec3 c = texture2D(u_image, uv).xyz;
vec3 norm = normalize(c);
vec3 div = vec3(0.1) * norm.z;
vec3 rbcol = 0.5 + 0.6 * cross(norm.xyz, vec3(0.5, -0.4, 0.5));
gl_FragColor = vec4(rbcol + div, 1.0);
}`,
program: null,
attributes:
{
a_position: null
},
uniforms: {
u_size: null
}
}
},
textures:
{
default: null
}
}
},
mounted ()
{
this.setInitWebGlContext()
this.setInitGeometryBuffer()
this.setInitShaderPrograms()
this.setRenderLoop()
},
beforeDestroy ()
{
window.cancelAnimationFrame(this.static.af)
},
computed:
{
...mapGetters([
'getCalcs'
])
},
methods:
{
setInitWebGlContext ()
{
this.static.gl = this.$el.getContext('webgl')
if (this.static.gl === null)
{
console.log('Unable to initialize WebGL. Your browser or machine may not support it.')
}
},
setInitShaderPrograms ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
forEach(this.static.shaders, shader =>
{
shader.program = gl.createProgram()
const vertexShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER)
const fragmentShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER)
gl.shaderSource(vertexShader, shader.vertex)
gl.shaderSource(fragmentShader, shader.fragment)
gl.compileShader(vertexShader)
gl.compileShader(fragmentShader)
gl.attachShader(shader.program, vertexShader)
gl.attachShader(shader.program, fragmentShader)
gl.linkProgram(shader.program)
})
},
setInitGeometryBuffer ()
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const buffer = gl.createBuffer()
gl.bindBuffer(this.static.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer)
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array([-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0]), gl.STATIC_DRAW)
},
setDraw (width, height)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.viewport(0, 0, width, height)
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6)
},
setProgram (shader)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const program = this.static.shaders[shader].program
const attributes = this.static.shaders[shader].attributes
const uniforms = this.static.shaders[shader].uniforms
gl.useProgram(program)
forEach(attributes, (attribute, key) =>
{
attributes[key] = gl.getAttribLocation(program, key)
})
forEach(uniforms, (uniform, key) =>
{
uniforms[key] = gl.getUniformLocation(program, key)
})
},
setFrameBuffer (width, height)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const texture = gl.createTexture()
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture)
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, width, height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
const framebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer()
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer)
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture, 0)
return {
frameBuffer: framebuffer,
texture: texture
}
},
setNoise (width, height)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const attributes = this.static.shaders.noise.attributes
const uniforms = this.static.shaders.noise.uniforms
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(attributes.a_position)
gl.vertexAttribPointer(attributes.a_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0)
gl.uniform2f(uniforms.u_size, width, height)
},
setFluid (width, height)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const attributes = this.static.shaders.fluid.attributes
const uniforms = this.static.shaders.fluid.uniforms
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(attributes.a_position)
gl.vertexAttribPointer(attributes.a_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0)
gl.uniform2f(uniforms.u_size, width, height)
},
setColorize (width, height)
{
const gl = this.static.gl
const attributes = this.static.shaders.colorize.attributes
const uniforms = this.static.shaders.colorize.uniforms
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(attributes.a_position)
gl.vertexAttribPointer(attributes.a_position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0)
gl.uniform2f(uniforms.u_size, width, height)
},
setRenderLoop ()
{
this.static.af = window.requestAnimationFrame(this.setRenderLoop)
const gl = this.static.gl
const width = this.getCalcs.vw
const height = this.getCalcs.vh
this.$el.width = width
this.$el.height = height
if (!this.static.fr)
{
const noiseBuffer = this.setFrameBuffer(width, height)
this.setProgram('noise')
this.setNoise(width, height)
this.setDraw(width, height)
this.static.textures.default = noiseBuffer.texture
}
const fluidBuffer = this.setFrameBuffer(width, height)
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.static.textures.default)
this.setProgram('fluid')
this.setFluid(width, height)
this.setDraw(width, height)
this.static.textures.default = fluidBuffer.texture
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null)
this.setProgram('colorize')
this.setColorize(width, height)
this.setDraw(width, height)
this.static.fr++
}
}
}
</script>
However i'm trying to adopt a shader from shadertoy https://www.shadertoy.com/view/XddSRX and if i rum my code it's behaving very differently.

The issue is exactly as stated in the error.
Source and destination textures of the draw are the same.
Looking at your code there is one shader, it references a texture, there is one texture, it's attached to the framebuffer AND it's bound to texture unit 0 the default. So, when you draw it's being used as both an input (u_texture) and as the output (the current framebuffer). That's not allowed.
The simple solution is you need another texture. Bind that texture when drawing to the framebuffer.
The better solution is you need 2 different shader programs. One for when drawing to the framebuffer that uses no texture as input and another for drawing to the canvas . As it is you have one shader that branches on u_frame. Remove that branch and separate things into 2 shader programs. The one that computes colors then u_frame < 300 and the one that use a texture. Use the computing one to draw to the framebuffer and the texture one to draw the framebuffer's texture to the canvas.
A few links that may or may not be helpful: drawing multiple things, render targets, image processing.

How to wrap space to make a black hole using uv textures in webgl

I render a grid texture. I want to manipulate uv coordinates(vQuadCoord) in fragment shader to make the black hole effect, that is make the gaps between lines go further as it approaches to the center. also with a circular effect
I think this would be possible, since if I do vQuadCoord = vQuadCoord * vQuadCoord it achieves a similar effect but in the corners.
const fShaderSource = `#version 300 es
precision mediump float;
out vec4 outColor;
uniform sampler2D u_texture;
in vec2 vQuadCoord;
void main() {
outColor = texture(u_texture, vQuadCoord);
}
`;
const vShaderSource = `#version 300 es
precision mediump float;
in vec2 a_position;
out vec2 vQuadCoord;
void main() {
vQuadCoord = (a_position + 1.0) / 2.0;
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 1);
}
`;
main(document.getElementById('app'));
function main(element) {
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas'),
gl = canvas.getContext('webgl2');
element.append(canvas);
const displayWidth = canvas.clientWidth,
displayHeight = canvas.clientHeight;
canvas.width = displayWidth;
canvas.height = displayHeight;
let graphics = new Graphics({width: displayWidth, height: displayHeight}, gl);
new Loop(() => {
graphics.render();
}).start();
}
function Graphics(state, gl) {
const { width, height } = state;
gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
gl.blendFunc(gl.SRC_ALPHA, gl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
//gl.blendFunc(gl.SRC_ALPHA, gl.ONE);
gl.enable(gl.BLEND);
gl.disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
let minibatch = [];
const redText = makeGlQuad(gl, fShaderSource, canvasTexture());
this.render = () => {
minibatch.push(redText);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
minibatch.forEach(({
program,
resUniformLocation,
vao,
glTexture
}) => {
gl.useProgram(program);
gl.uniform2f(resUniformLocation, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
if (glTexture) {
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, glTexture);
}
gl.bindVertexArray(vao);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
});
minibatch = [];
};
}
function makeGlQuad(gl, fShaderSource, texture) {
let vShader = createShader(gl, gl.VERTEX_SHADER, vShaderSource);
let fShader = createShader(gl, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, fShaderSource);
let program = createProgram(gl, vShader, fShader);
let posAttrLocation = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "a_position");
let posBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, posBuffer);
let left = -1,
right = 1,
down = -1,
up = 1;
/*
(-1, 1).( 1, 1)
.
(-1,-1).( 1,-1)
*/
let positions = [
left, down,
left, up,
right, down,
left, up,
right, down,
right, up
];
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(positions), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
let vao = gl.createVertexArray();
gl.bindVertexArray(vao);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(posAttrLocation);
let size = 2,
type = gl.FLOAT,
normalize = false,
stride = 0,
offset = 0;
gl.vertexAttribPointer(posAttrLocation,
size,
type,
normalize,
stride,
offset);
let glTexture;
if (texture) {
glTexture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, glTexture);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture);
//gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 1, 1, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, new Uint8Array([0, 0, 255, 255]));
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
}
let resUniformLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_resolution");
let texUniformLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_texture");
return {
program,
resUniformLocation,
vao,
glTexture
}
}
function canvasTexture() {
return withCanvasTexture(256, 256, (w, h, canvas, ctx) => {
const gap = w * 0.07;
ctx.fillStyle = 'green';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 10, 10);
ctx.strokeStyle = 'red';
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.beginPath();
for (let i = 0; i < w; i+= gap) {
ctx.moveTo(i, 0);
ctx.lineTo(i, h);
}
for (let i = 0; i < h; i+= gap) {
ctx.moveTo(0, i);
ctx.lineTo(w, i);
}
ctx.stroke();
return canvas;
});
function withCanvasTexture(width, height, f) {
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
f(width, height, canvas, canvas.getContext('2d'));
const texture = canvas;
document.body.append(canvas);
return texture;
}
}
function createShader(gl, type, source) {
let shader = gl.createShader(type);
gl.shaderSource(shader, source);
gl.compileShader(shader);
let success = gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS);
if (success) {
return shader;
}
console.error(gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));
gl.deleteShader(shader);
return null;
};
function createProgram(gl, vShader, fShader) {
let program = gl.createProgram();
gl.attachShader(program, vShader);
gl.attachShader(program, fShader);
gl.linkProgram(program);
let success = gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS);
if (success) {
return program;
}
console.error(gl.getProgramInfoLog(program));
gl.deleteProgram(program);
return null;
}
// Loop Library
function Loop(fn) {
const perf = window.performance !== undefined ? window.performance : Date;
const now = () => perf.now();
const raf = window.requestAnimationFrame;
let running = false,
lastUpdate = now(),
frame = 0;
this.start = () => {
if (running) {
return this;
}
running = true;
lastUpdate = now();
frame = raf(tick);
return this;
};
this.stop = () => {
running = false;
if (frame != 0) {
raf.cancel(frame);
}
frame = 0;
return this;
};
const tick = () => {
frame = raf(tick);
const time = now();
const dt = time - lastUpdate;
fn(dt);
lastUpdate = time;
};
}
#app canvas {
background: #ccc;
position: fixed;
top: 50%;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
right: 0;
width: 100vmin;
height: 70vmin;
transform: translate(-50%, -25%);
image-rendering: optimizeSpeed;
cursor: none;
margin: auto;
}
<div id="app">
</div>

[...] in fragment shader to make the black hole effect, that is make the gaps between lines go further as it approaches to the center.
You've to do something like (1.0 - (1.0 - abs(x)) * (1.0 - abs(x))). x is a coordinate, where (0,0) is in the center of the texture.
Convert the texture coordinates from the range [0, 1] to the range [-1, 1]:
vec2 p = vQuadCoord * 2.0 - 1.0;
Calculate the "black hole effect" coordinate:
p = sign(p) * (1.0 - (1.0 - abs(p)) * (1.0 - abs(p)));
Convert back from the range [-1, 1] to [0, 1]:
vec2 uv = p * 0.5 + 0.5;
For a circular effect you've to multiply the normalized direction vector by a factor which depends on the square distance to the center or distance to the border:
p = normalize(p) * length(p) * length(p);
or
p = normalize(p) * (1.0 - (1.0 - length(p)) * (1.0 - length(p)))
Fragment shader:
precision mediump float;
out vec4 outColor;
uniform sampler2D u_texture;
in vec2 vQuadCoord;
void main() {
vec2 p = vQuadCoord * 2.0 - 1.0;
//p = sign(p) * (1.0 - (1.0 - abs(p)) * (1.0 - abs(p)));
//p = normalize(p) * (1.0 - (1.0 - length(p)) * (1.0 - length(p)));
p = normalize(p) * length(p) * length(p);
vec2 uv = p * 0.5 + 0.5;
outColor = texture(u_texture, uv);
}
To y-flip the texture you can set the UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL flag. See WebGL 2.0, 5.14.8 Texture objects:
gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, true);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture);

Mandelbrot set zoom limit

I've recently started learning Javascript/ WebGL and I've learned enough to put together a simple Mandelbrot fractal renderer. The program works fine but for some reason it won't let me zoom in more than about 20 times, and it starts looking pixellated if I zoom in more. I've had this problem before in other fractal drawing programs I've made, but it usually doesn't become noticeable until about 2^45 zoom. I was thinking maybe it has to do with the max float size in GLSL, but I'm really not sure what the problem is or even how to go about finding the problem. I was just wondering if anyone knows what the cause of this zoom limit is and if there's any way I can increase it? Here's my HTML/ GLSL code:
<html>
<head>
<title>Mandelbrot Set</title>
<style>
body {
margin = 0;
padding = 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Click on the fractal to zoom in.</h3>
<canvas id = "canvas" width = "500" height = "500" onclick = "drawFractal();">
Sorry, your browser does not support HTML5.
</canvas>
<script id = "vertexshader" type = "vertexshader">
attribute vec2 a_position;
void main(){
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0, 0);
}
</script>
<script id = "fragmentshader" type = "fragmentshader">
precision mediump float;
uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform vec2 u_zoomCenter;
uniform float u_zoom;
uniform int u_maxIterations;
uniform float u_colorDiversity;
vec2 f(vec2 z, vec2 c)
{
return vec2(z.x*z.x - z.y*z.y, z.x*z.y*2.0) + c;
}
// Credit to hughsk on GitHub for this hsv to rgb converter
vec3 hsv2rgb(vec3 c) {
vec4 K = vec4(1.0, 2.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 3.0);
vec3 p = abs(fract(c.xxx + K.xyz) * 6.0 - K.www);
return c.z * mix(K.xxx, clamp(p - K.xxx, 0.0, 1.0), c.y);
}
void main(){
vec2 zeroToOne = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_resolution;
vec2 c = u_zoomCenter + (zeroToOne * 4.0 - vec2(2.0)) / u_zoom;
vec2 z = vec2(0.0);
bool escaped = false;
float iterations = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
if (i > u_maxIterations) break;
z = f(z, c);
if (length(z) > 2.0)
{
escaped = true;
iterations = float(i);
break;
}
}
gl_FragColor = escaped ? vec4(hsv2rgb(vec3(iterations * u_colorDiversity, 1.0, 1.0)), 1.0) : vec4(vec3(0.0), 1.0);
}
</script>
<script src = "webgl.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Here's my "webgl.js" file:
// Compile and link shaders and create program
function createShader(gl, type, source){
var shader = gl.createShader(type);
gl.shaderSource(shader, source);
gl.compileShader(shader);
if (gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) return shader;
console.log(gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));
gl.deleteShader(shader);
alert("Error: failed to create shader. Check the console for more information.");
}
function createProgram(gl, vertexShader, fragmentShader){
var program = gl.createProgram();
gl.attachShader(program, vertexShader);
gl.attachShader(program, fragmentShader);
gl.linkProgram(program);
if (gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) return program;
console.log(gl.getProgramInfoLog(program));
gl.deleteProgram(program);
alert("Error: failed to create program. Check the console for more information.");
}
// WebGL setup
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
if (!gl){
var gl = canvas.getContext("experimental-webgl");
console.log("WebGL not supported, falling back on experimental WebGL.");
}
if (!gl){
console.log("Experimental WebGL not supported.");
alert("Your browser does not support WebGL. Check the console for more information.");
}
// Create shaders and program
var vertexShaderSource = document.getElementById("vertexshader").text;
var fragmentShaderSource = document.getElementById("fragmentshader").text;
var vertexShader = createShader(gl, gl.VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSource);
var fragmentShader = createShader(gl, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSource);
var program = createProgram(gl, vertexShader, fragmentShader);
gl.useProgram(program);
// Set up position buffer
var screen = new Float32Array([
-1, -1,
1, -1,
1, 1,
1, 1,
-1, 1,
-1, -1]);
var positionBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, screen, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Set up position attribute in vertex shader
var a_positionLocation = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "a_position");
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_positionLocation);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_positionLocation, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
// Set up WebGL window
gl.viewport(0, 0, 500, 500);
gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
// Set up uniforms in fragment shader
var u_resolutionLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_resolution");
var u_zoomCenterLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_zoomCenter");
var u_zoomLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_zoom");
var u_maxIterationsLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_maxIterations");
var u_colorDiversityLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_colorDiversity");
gl.uniform2f(u_resolutionLocation, 500, 500);
// Set up some global variables
var offset_x = 0;
var offset_y = 0;
var zoom = 1;
var iterations = 10000;
var colorDiversity = 0.01;
// Update uniforms based on global variables
function updateUniforms()
{
gl.uniform2f(u_zoomCenterLocation, offset_x, offset_y);
gl.uniform1f(u_zoomLocation, zoom);
gl.uniform1i(u_maxIterationsLocation, iterations);
gl.uniform1f(u_colorDiversityLocation, colorDiversity);
}
// Get mouse position
function getMousePos() {
var rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return [(event.clientX - rect.left - 250) / 125, (event.clientY - rect.top - 250) / 125];
}
// Draw the fractal
function drawFractal() {
mousePos = getMousePos();
offset_x += mousePos[0] / zoom;
offset_y -= mousePos[1] / zoom;
zoom *= 2;
updateUniforms();
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
}
// Draw fractal when the page loads
updateUniforms();
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

Maximal possible zoom depends on the precision of the floating point number you use and your algorithm.
You can increase precision using arbitrary precision numbers, for example mpfr, mpc or arb library