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jQuery hide elements of Widget Style ul li

I am designing a widget style using HTML ul tag.
<div class='tabs' style='width:50%'>
<ul>
<li id="basic-li"><a href='#basic_information'>Basic</a></li>
<li id="master-passenger-li"><a href='#master_passenger'>Master Passenger</a></li>
<li id="other-passenger-li"><a href='#all_passengers'>Other Passengers</a></li >
<li id="confirm-li"><a href='#confirm'>Confirmation</a></li>
</ul>
And I have 4 divs.
<div id="basic_information" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="master_passenger" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="other-passenger" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="confirm" class="tab">//content</div>
I only want to show the li's href div that has currently been clicked. I only want to use HTML / CSS and jQuery.

This is the basic idea. You can improvise as per your need. I have set the target li's id as data attribute in to div where you will click. Now on click of that div i gets li's id so we can make that shown and all else li hide.
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.tab').click(function(){
$('.tabs li').hide();
var idTab = $(this).data('id');
$('#' + idTab).show();
});
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class='tabs' style='width:50%'>
<ul>
<li id="basic-li"><a href='#basic_information'>Basic</a>
</li><li id="master-passenger-li"><a href='#master_passenger'>Master Passenger</a>
</li><li id="other-passenger-li"><a href='#all_passengers'>Other Passengers</a>
</li ><li id="confirm-li"><a href='#confirm'>Confirmation</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="basic_information" data-id="basic-li" class="tab">//basic info</div>
<div id="master_passenger" data-id="master-passenger-li" class="tab">//master passenger</div>
<div id="other-passenger" data-id="other-passenger-li" class="tab">//other passenger</div>
<div id="confirm" data-id="confirm-li" class="tab">//confirm</div>
Cheers...!!

This can be achieved via the following changes to your HTML, and the addition of the jQuery script below:
<ul>
<!-- add data-target attribute to each "a", with value matching corresponding tab -->
<li>
<a data-target="basic_information" href='#basic_information'>Basic</a>
</li>
<li>
<a data-target="master_passenger" href='#master_passenger'>Master Passenger</a>
</li>
<li>
<a data-target="other-passenger" href='#all_passengers'>Other Passengers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a data-target="confirm" href='#confirm'>Confirmation</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div id="basic_information" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="master_passenger" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="other-passenger" class="tab">//content</div>
<div id="confirm" class="tab">//content</div>
<script>
$(function() {
// Hide all tabs by default
$('.tab').hide()
// Assign click handler to all elements with data target attribute
$('[data-target]').click(function() {
// Hide all tabs
$('.tab').hide()
// Extra target id of the menu link that was clicked
var tabToShow = $(this).data('target')
// Show the corresponding tab
$('#' + tabToShow).show()
// Return false to prevent default navigation behaviour of links
return false
})
})
</script>

How can i add a css class only to the h3 tag clicked using jQuery

<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Softshell</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Option</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Option 1</h3></div>
</li>
I need to show which one h3 tag is clicked to show active

You need to do it like below:-
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.lineop1 a h3').click(function(e){
e.preventDefault(); // to prevent page refresh with new url
$('h3').removeClass('active'); // remove active class from other h3 tag
$(this).addClass('active'); // add active class to current clicked tag
});
});
.active{
color:green;
font-size:20px;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Softshell</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Option</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Option 1</h3></div>
</li>
Note:- id need to be unique per element. so convert id to class around <div's>
And if you want that after click on h3 when page refresh, then also the corresponding h3 tag have the active class, then you have to use localstorage concept like below:-
jQuery:-
$(document).ready(function(){
$('ul li').eq( localStorage.parent ).find('h3').addClass('active');
$('.lineop1 a h3').click(function(e){
var pagename = $(location).attr("href").split('/').pop();
localStorage.parent=$(this).closest('li').index();
});
});
Html:-
<ul>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Softshell</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Option</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="lineop1"><h3>Option 1</h3></div>
</li>
</ul>
I have tested it on localhost at my end and working perfectly fine.

add a click handler to h3. Add class active to it.
$(document).ready(function(){
$(document).on('click','h3',function(){
$('h3').removeClass('active');
$(this).addClass('active');
});
});
.active{
color:#ff00eb;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Softshell</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Option</h3></div>
</li>
<li>
<div id="lineop1"><h3>Option 1</h3></div>
</li>
Edit: its always good practice to attach click event to the closest unique parent element. so I have included $(document).On.
Follow this link to see working of Direct Vs Deletegated Events

How should I populate nested elements using jquery?

I want to display NEWS headines on my website. I want to populate it using Jquery. I have written the code but nothing is displayed on webpage.
HTML code:
<div class="col-md-4">
<div id="sidebar-wrapper">
<ul class="sidebar-nav">
<strong>Latest Headines</strong>
<li>
<a href="" class="title">
<h2> </h2>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="" class="title">
<h2> </h2>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="" class="title">
<h2> </h2>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="" class="title">
<h2> </h2>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="" class="title">
<h2> </h2>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
JS code:
$(document).ready(function() {
$.getJSON('https://newsapi.org/v1/articles?source=techcrunch&sortBy=top&apiKey=my-api-key',function(json) {
console.log(json);
console.log(json.articles.length);
function headlines (json) {
for(var i=0;i<5;i++){
$('.sidebar-nav li a h2').eq(i).html(json.articles[i].title);
}
}
});
});
I have made a class called sidebar then inside class I have placed list and anchor followed by <h2></h2> tag. I want to populate h2 tag with NEWS headlines but nothing is displayed on my webpage.

$('.sidebar-nav li').eq(i).find('h2').html(...)
li is the Nth element you're looking for, not h2.
For that matter, you should cache the nav element or the lis, to avoid hammering the DOM :
var $lis = $('.sidebar-nav li')
for(var i=0;i<5;i++){
$lis[i].find('h2').html(json.articles[i].title);
}

First of all: You don't call your function headlines so nothing goes to output ;)
Second one:
$('.sidebar-nav li a h2').eq(i)
will only work for the first item i think, because there is only 1 H2-Tag within the a-Tag.
I suggest giving all H"-Tag a class like ".headline" and itterating over them.
I hope this helps ;)

Selector :not in jQuery not working

I have a body with ID body and inside it a div with class nav-container. I want to remove certain classes when users click on the #body, but not .nav-container (it's an overlay type of menu).
Tried below code
HTML:
<body id="body">
<div class="nav-container">
X
<nav class="display">
<ul>
<li> One </li>
<li> Two </li>
<li> Three </li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</body>
jQuery
$('#body :not(.nav-container)').click(function() {
$('.cover').removeClass('active-cover');
$('.nav-container').removeClass('active');
});
It does not seem to be working for me though.

It wont work as not exclude the selected elements which pass the earlier css-selector criteria since .nav-container is not part of list that is selected by #body (wont be list in this case as its ID), so you wont be able to exclude that.
So basically what you need is
$(document).on("click", "div:not('.nav-container')",function() {
$('.cover').removeClass('active-cover');
$('.nav-container').removeClass('active');
});

the first element shouldn't be the parent, like #body, rather the element. for example div:not('example') works for every div except example.
$("div:not(.nav-container)").click(function() {
alert("nav-container was not clicked");
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<body id="body">
<div class="nav-container">
X
<nav class="display">
<ul>
<li> One </li>
<li> Two </li>
<li> Three </li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<br />
<div>click here </div>
</body>

Specifying Elements for jQuery

I have a <ul> containing <h2> headings with text below each. I want to be able to display or hide the text below by clicking the each of the headings.
How can I tell jquery to only display the text from within the same <li> when the heading is clicked without creating a seperate if statement for each <li>?
<ul>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div id='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div id='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<script>
$("li").click(function () {
if ($("#step").is(":hidden")) {
$("#step").slideDown("slow");
} else {
$("#step").slideUp("slow");
}
});
</script>

For a start you have duplicate ids, this is incorrect. Replace them with classes or other identifiers as ids should be unique.
Secondly use $(this) to reference the element that was clicked.
HTML
<ul>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div class='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div class='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
</ul>
JavaScript
$("li").click(function () {
$(this).children('.step').slideToggle('slow');
});​
JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/JGZRN/

This should do it :) $(this) refers to the list element that has been clicked, then it "finds" the p tag under it and "slideToggle"'s which either slides up or down depending on its current state.
<script>
$(function(){
$('li').click(function(){
$(this).find('p').slideToggle();
});
});
</script>
<ul>
<li>
<h2>heading 1</h2>
<p>Text text text</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>heading 2</h2>
<p>Text text text</p>
</li>
</ul>

If you change the id="step" by class="step" in the divs, you can use this code:
$("li").click(function () {
var div = $(this).find(".step");
if (div.is(":hidden")) {
div.slideDown("slow");
}
else {
div.slideUp("slow");
}
});

The problem lies in the fact that you are trying to target a div with id step but there are multiple divs with that id. Use different id's for the div
It can be fixe as follows:
<ul>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div>
text text text
</div>
</li>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div>
text text text
</div>
</li>
</ul>​
and the js
$("li").click(function () {
if ($(this).children('div').is(":hidden")) {
$(this).children('div').slideDown("slow");
} else {
$(this).children('div').slideUp("slow");
}
});​
Do note that in this example it assumes you are using only one div in the li

you can do this:
html:
<ul>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div id='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
<li>
<h2>heading</h2>
<div id='step'>
text text text
</div>
</li>
</ul>​
js:
$('ul li h2').click(function() {
$('#step').toggle('slow', function() {
// Animation complete.
});
});
here a preview fiddle http://jsfiddle.net/wandarkaf/2Pnz7/
Hope this helps.​