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How to change css styles on scroll without delay

Hi everyone,
I'm working on a side navigation menu for my churches website. You can see the demo here:
http://amightywind.com/sideNav/
However I have a problem. The navigation is supposed to work so when you scroll down the page past it's bottom the css changes to make it anchor and stop moving.
The problem is that the "anchoring" effect doesn't always work smoothly and will only be applied after you scrolled a few pixels past the bottom.
This causes the side bar to "jump" back into it's designed place.
I know this problem is probably caused by asynchronous panning (the browser delays repainting when scrolling to keep a smooth frame rate).
I was going to call this unsolvable, but then I saw firefox's quantum browser page.
If you scroll down halfway, you will see a large pink box on the left that says "Firefox Quantum features".
The text changes positioning when you scroll into it similarly to how my side bar works. However 2 things are different.
1 there is no jump. It is perfectly smooth in every browser I tested.
I figured this could easily be because they are moving a smaller portion of content than I am, but....
2 when I inspect element I notice there is no css class/style change on the object when scrolled into it.
How is this possible? Is there a way to make this effect work without Javascript? Or at least more smoothly than I've done just listening to the window scroll event?
Any help would be much appreciated thank you!

Create one-page website, scrollable vertical and horizontal

I'd like to create a one-page website where you can click a button and navigate to a different part of the website by automatically moving to it. This movement could be to the left, right, up or down.
This is an example of how the full, zoomed out page would look like:
The idea is that only one of these pages should be visible at a time in the browser. So when you're on the "main page", you only see that one, and not what's to the left, right, up or bottom from it. You should be able to move to these around it by clicking links on the page.
Now I have no idea how to start this. Do I make one giant html page, like the image, and do the zoom and movement to an other page with some JavaScript library?
Or will I have to make this completely in the canvas object? If so, any useful libraries I could use?
Thanks in advance,
Ruben

Preventing page rubber band / overscroll while preserving scrollable divs: A WEIRD BUG

I need to disable the bouncy page-level scroll for iOS while preserving the ability to scroll inside a div. The solution to the most popular StackOverflow question on the matter seemed to work for me at first, but I found that with certain positions/transforms, the solution would break.
If I disable -webkit-overflow-scrolling, it works fine, but the user experience without it is greatly diminished in my opinion.
I am using THREE.js's CSS3DRenderer to do the positioning because in the project this is for, I need to composite the dom element on top of a 3D scene and have the cameras match. But essentially, its just adjusting the transforms and nothing more.
I created a CodePen that shows clearly that camera/object position consistently scrolls while blocking page scrolling and another breaks it.
http://codepen.io/aaronmeyers/pen/LKgsG/
please see codepen

Appending a Vertical Scroll to a Horizontal Scroll Bar

I've been trying to do something like this for quite a bit, and have tried a variety of methods from fake scroll bars and DOM-tricking code. Nothing seems to quite be as clean / functioning as I need it to be.
What I'm trying to do is have a horizontally scrolling div (with scrollbar), with a vertically scrolling div nested within it. Ideally the single horizontal scrollbar would scroll, and after a certain point--vertically scroll the "go-up" div next to it.
Here's an example diagram for those who need to visualize:
I think I have a solution that could work:
Basically I'm thinking that the horizontal "scene" could have overflow that equals the height of the "go-up" div. And after the horizontal width of the "scene" passes...you can, onScroll, shift the "go-up" container right using (ScrollLeft) and up using (ScrollTop).
Basically giving you the illusion of controlling it's vertical scroll with a horizontal scrollbar.
Check out the code here: http://jsfiddle.net/jPzqj/1/
I know how to pass a function at the end of the "scene"...currently I'm using:
$('#main').scroll(function(e)
{
if($(this).scrollLeft()>1430)
{
}
});
My only issue is I'm not quite sure how to approach the math that would allow me to shift the go-up container. How do I pass in the "scene" divs scroll value into the ScrollLeft and ScrollTop values of "go-up"...
Could anyone give me any advice on this at all?
Thanks.

You are totally off the right path, no vertical scrollbars are involved.
That is a good site (not the one that you make in 30 minute obviously), and the javascript is obfuscated, but if you are interested, you could watch the source with Firebug to understand what's going on.
It works by mixing a javascript library, some cool CSS3 Transform3D effects, and a nicely studied HTML to give you the effect of the screen scrolling up (actually, only the images are moving - and not scrolling - while the screen is always in the same Y position).
The same effect is used to create the percetion of depth, by moving the houses in background slower than the ones in front.
This effect is called PARALLAX SCROLLING .
A good javascript library you could start looking at for Parallax effects is Stellar.js
You can take a look at some great sites made with Stellar.js, especially Nike and Saucony.
Hope this answer saved you some time,
good luck on your studies ;)
EDIT
this is what you want: Jquery Parallax Scrolling effect - Multi directional
open the fiddle from the bounty-awarded answer and keep the right arrow key down.

Help me create an iPad photos-like gallery with JavaScript

I've been playing around with a gallery similar to that of the iPad's photos app, where you have thumbnails neatly stacked and upon clicking(touching) they fly out in a grid layout. If one gallery/stack is already open when you click another stack, the photos should pile up at their original position before the next set animates out.
I though something like Isotope would be helpful here, but I'm having a real hard time making it stop overwriting itself. Also, I can't quite figure out how to make it seem as if the thumbnails fly out from the "cover image".
I put a simplified version of what I've got so far on JSFiddle.
Any help is greatly appreciated. I feel like I'm in a little over my head here :)
My question is: how do i make it seem as if the thumbnails fly out from the "cover image"?

You could have an absolutely positioned DIV with a full-size image inside.
Initially, position the div and scale the image such that it perfectly overlaps with the thumbnail.
Then, animate the location and size of both to bring them to the center of the screen at the size you want.