We Keep Coding

assign an <a> tag to a div using javascript or jQuery

I'm working on a website on WordPress and the following code is being generated by a WordPress theme several times:
<div style="max-width: 700px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px;" id="post-394" class=" width2 white all portfolio-post portfolio-thumbnail no-padding">
<figure class="portfolio-thumbnail-container">
<div class="thumbnail-image">
<img src="http://mysiste.com/relaunch/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/hota2xFeaturedImage.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="hota2xFeaturedImage" height="320" width="700">
</div>
<figcaption class="portfolio-thumbnail-caption portfolio-thumbnail-attachments text-right">
<h5 class="heading heading-underlined portfolio-thumbnail-heading">
My site
</h5>
<ul class="portfolio-category list-inline">
</ul>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
And I need to move the <a> tag on each generated piece of code to "wrap" another section of the code, It should be like this:
<div style="max-width: 700px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px;" id="post-394" class=" width2 white all portfolio-post portfolio-thumbnail no-padding">
<a href="http://mysiste.com/relaunch/portfolio/mysite/">
<figure class="portfolio-thumbnail-container">
<div class="thumbnail-image">
<img src="http://mysiste.com/relaunch/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/hota2xFeaturedImage.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="hota2xFeaturedImage" height="320" width="700">
</div>
<figcaption class="portfolio-thumbnail-caption portfolio-thumbnail-attachments text-right">
<h5 class="heading heading-underlined portfolio-thumbnail-heading">
My site
</h5>
<ul class="portfolio-category list-inline">
</ul>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</a>
</div>
Since I can't edit the code because everything is generated by WordPress shortcodes. Is there a way to do it using JavaScript or jQuery for all the generated divs?

There might be cleaner solution, but this will get the job done in jQuery
$(function(){ // is runned after the page loads
$('.portfolio-thumbnail-container').each(function() {
var a = $(this).find('a'); // extract <a/> in a variable
a.parent().html(a.html()); // replace the content of a's parent with a's content
$(this).wrap(a.empty())); // wrap the thumbnail-contailer with the <a> tag, replacing the old content of a with ''
});
});
Note that with this solution all elements with class portofolio-thumbnail-container will be altered and it requires that the 'a' tag is always inside the h5. If your page does not meet these, you may need to change some selectors. If you're having problems with that leave a comment.
demo: https://jsfiddle.net/2gtq7qo9/1/

in javascript without jQuery
[].forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('div.width2.white.all.portfolio-post.portfolio-thumbnail.no-padding figure figcaption h5 a'), function(a) {
var h5 = a.parentNode;
var figure = h5.parentNode.parentNode;
var div = figure.parentNode;
div.appendChild(a);
h5.textContent = a.textContent;
a.textContent = '';
a.appendChild(figure);
});
div.width2.white.all.portfolio-post.portfolio-thumbnail.no-padding figure figcaption h5 a doesn't have to be so nasty - whittle it down to maybe something like div.portfolio-post a or something like div[id^="post-"] a as per the jQuery answer

You just have to apply that div id
document.getElementById("lnk").href = "https://jsfiddle.net/Parth_Raval/67n70pe2";

This is very easy with jQuery:
$(".portfolio-thumbnail-container").click(function(){
window.location.href = "http://mysiste.com/relaunch/portfolio/mysite/";
});

Get data from element without id or class

I am building a Chrome extension (and therefore can only use JavaScript) and I need to get the link that resides in the h2 with the heading2 class.
However, there are multiple h2 items with that class (not shown here), and I will not know what the link will point to, as it changes monthly.
In this example, the content of the header is "Think before you tweet". It will always be under another header that contains the words "Featured Topic."
What I am looking to get is the /think_before_you_tweet from the href= of that h2 item. It shows that I have already completed the topic underneath the h2, but that will not always be the case.
Here is the code for the website:
<div class="chosen_for_you_section">
<div class="internal_container">
<h2 class="section_header"><img src="/public/s360/img/360-spinner.png" class="s360LogoHeader">Featured Topic <i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <span class="infoTxt">Read about what to do</span></h2>
<article class="article_block masonry_item " data-article_id="431">
<div class="article_image">
<img src="/thumb/public/media/nh/images/twitter_tweet_think_before_send.png?q=&h=278" />
<i class="fa fa-check-square-o article_complete article_type_icon" title="Article"></i>
<div class="action_icons">
<span class="like "><a title="Favorite"><i class="fa fa-heart"></i></a></span>
</div>
</div>
<header>
<h2 class="heading2">Think Before You Tweet!</h2>
<div class="article_required_complete">Congratulations, you've completed this required topic.</div>
<div class="category_blocks">
<p>
Social Media
</p>
</div>
</header>
</article>
<div class="focus_items">
<div class="home_side">
<p>
<img alt="" src="" style="width: 430px; height: 422px;" /><!-- I hid the img src here because it reveals some personal information and is not important -->
</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
I can use jQuery in my extension, but I do not have any back-end capabilities.

Use jQuery :contains selector:
$('h2.section_header:contains("Featured Topic") + article a')[0].href

Looks like you've gotta loop through the h2.section_header headers, see if the text matches whatever you want, and then grabs the link from the header following itself.
$('h2.section_header').each(function(index, element) {
var $element = $(element);
if ($element.text().match(/Featured Topic/i)) {
$('#result').html($element.next('article').find('h2.heading2 a').attr('href'));
}
});
#result {
border: 3px solid red;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="result"></div>
<div class="chosen_for_you_section">
<div class="internal_container">
<h2 class="section_header"><img src="/public/s360/img/360-spinner.png" class="s360LogoHeader">Featured Topic <i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <span class="infoTxt">Read about what to do</span></h2>
<article class="article_block masonry_item " data-article_id="431">
<div class="article_image">
<img src="/thumb/public/media/nh/images/twitter_tweet_think_before_send.png?q=&h=278" />
<i class="fa fa-check-square-o article_complete article_type_icon" title="Article"></i>
<div class="action_icons">
<span class="like "><a title="Favorite"><i class="fa fa-heart"></i></a></span>
</div>
</div>
<header>
<h2 class="heading2">Think Before You Tweet!</h2>
<div class="article_required_complete">Congratulations, you've completed this required topic.</div>
<div class="category_blocks">
<p>
Social Media
</p>
</div>
</header>
</article>
<div class="focus_items">
<div class="home_side">
<p>
<img alt="" src="" style="width: 430px; height: 422px;" /><!-- I hid the img src here because it reveals some personal information and is not important -->
</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

with jQuery's :contains selector use this:
jQuery('h2:contains("Featured Topic") ~ article h2.heading2 a').attr('href')
try at http://jsfiddle.net/ug01a0d2/
without jQuery try to bind to class "section_header" or use a cycle with the textContent check to iterate all "h2.section_header"

If there are multiple H2 class heading2 :
$('h2[class*="heading2"] a').each(function(){
var href = $(this).attr('href');
// Do what you want with this href
});

Use XPath! The syntax is pretty, uh, unfortunate, but it's very powerful:
var result = document.evaluate('//h2[#class="section_header"]/following-sibling::article//h2[#class="heading2"]/a', document, null, XPathResult.ANY_TYPE, null );
That should select that anchor node. I'm not sure if it's available to extensions, but Chrome defines a handy helper method called $x that eliminates all that boilerplate around the query.
More information: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Introduction_to_using_XPath_in_JavaScript

<a> element not working properly when hiding parent?

I made this script, and despite one oddity, it works fine. It's hiding/showing the parent of div element with a class containing specific content. The problem when I press my <a> elements, that act as buttons, they "filter" the divs, but it leaves the first comment <a>? If I change the element do a <div> instead no problem, but with an <a> element it behaves weirdly? Is this just a bug or?
here is a JSFiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/g1puxhs7/2/
HTML:
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js">
</script>
<a class='viewBtn'>Published<a>
<a class='viewBtn'>Completed<a>
<a class='viewBtn'>Created<a>
<div class="orders" id="orders">
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a>Comment</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a>Comment</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a>Comment</a>
</div>
</div>
<style>
.row {
width: 200px;
margin: 10px;
background: #ccc;
padding: 4px;
}
</style>
SCRIPT:
//--Filter by Status--//
$('.viewBtn').click(function() {
var txt = $(this).text();
$('.status:contains("' + txt + '")').parent().toggle();
$(this).toggleClass('down');
});

The problem is with your links:
<a class='viewBtn'>Published<a>
<a class='viewBtn'>Completed<a>
<a class='viewBtn'>Created<a>
You have 6 opening a tags, instead of 3 opening and 3 closing tags.
This is why the browser adds closing a tags in your script in a bunch of places, one of them in your first div—and then your whole DOM tree looks different than what you want.

Your markup needed to be cleaned up. Here is your markup cleaned up. Also, i find it best to add href for you anchor tags, and then you can comment them out with #, or you can add javascript:void(0). If you use the # approach, in your JS, you can add e.preventDefault();
HTML Cleaned:
<div>
<a class='viewBtn' href="#">Published</a>
<a class='viewBtn' href="#">Completed</a>
<a class='viewBtn' href="#">Created</a>
</div>
<div class="orders" id="orders">
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a class="stuff" onclick="Comment">Comment</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a class="stuff">Comment</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="status">
Completed
</div>
<a class="stuff">Comment</a>
</div>
</div>
JS with preventDefault():
$('.viewBtn').click(function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var txt = $(this).text();
$('.status:contains("' + txt + '")').parent().toggle();
$(this).toggleClass('down');
});

Trying to make different text appear below 3 aligned images on hover

First things first, here is my example :
https://jsfiddle.net/y532ouzj/33/
HTML:
<div id="image" class="item">
<a ><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
</div>
<div id="text" class="show">Text 1</div>
<div id="image" class="item">
<a ><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
</div>
<div id="text" class="show">Text 2</div>
<div id="image" class="item">
<a ><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
</div>
<div id="text" class="show">Text 3</div>
CSS:
.item {
/* To correctly align image, regardless of content height: */
vertical-align: top;
display: inline-block;
/* To horizontally center images and caption */
text-align: center;
/* The width of the container also implies margin around the images. */
width: 190px;
}
.show {
display: none;
}
.item:hover + .show {
display: block;
}
JAVASCRIPT :
$('#image').hover(function() {
$('#text').show();
}, function() {
$('#text').hide();
});
It almost works but I must be forgetting a little something since my 3 pictures aren't staying where I want them to once I start hovering that mouse. So if you don't hover over the pictures, everything is good, 3 pics aligned. Hover over pic #1 or 2, text goes exactly where I want it, but why does my pic 3 and pic 2 also move down ? Hover over pic #3, everything works the way it should.

You have multiple problems with this. First of all, ids can only be used once. Change them to classes, and you should be fine. Second, move the divs inside of the image div, and it will only show the one that you would like to. Updated javascript and html follows:
fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/y532ouzj/34/
HTML
<div class="image item">
<a><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
<div class="text show">Text 1</div>
</div>
<div class="image item">
<a><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
<div class="text show">Text 2</div>
</div>
<div class=" image item">
<a><img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg"></a>
<div class="text show">Text 3</div>
</div>
Javascript
$('.image').hover(function () {
var that = $(this);
that.find('.text').show();
}, function () {
var that = $(this);
that.find('.text').hide();
});

First of all, java and javascript aren't the same thing; they're two separate languages.
Second, in HTML, it's bad form (and possibly dead wrong) to use the same id for multiple elements on a page. the value of each id attribute should be unique.
Finally, the answer in HTML and jQuery:
https://jsfiddle.net/y532ouzj/36/
The HTML now contains just one text. It will be modified for each case
<div id="image_1" class="item">
<a >
<img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg" /> </a>
</div>
<div id="image_2" class="item">
<a >
<img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg" />
</a>
</div>
<div id="image_3" class="item">
<a >
<img src="http://www.topring.com/images/carre_download_cat_ENG.jpg" />
</a>
</div>
<div id="text" class="show">
Text
</div>
The javascript now modifies and reveals the text based on whichever image triggers the event.
$('#image_1').hover(function() {
$('#text').html("Text 1");
$('#text').show();
}, function() {
$('#text').hide();
});
$('#image_2').hover(function() {
$('#text').html("Text 2");
$('#text').show();
}, function() {
$('#text').hide();
});
$('#image_3').hover(function() {
$('#text').html("Text 3");
$('#text').show();
}, function() {
$('#text').hide();
});

I'm going to make a suggestion instead of answering the direct question. Instead of overcomplicating this, I suggest you used the Title attribute.
<div class="image"><a><img src="" title="Text 1" /></a></div>
Most browsers will know what to do with this. Some older browsers may give varying quality of interpreting the attribute, but this is the easiest way to do what you are trying to accomplish.

JavaScript animate function doesn't work

This is what the code looks like.
<head>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="C:\Users\User\Desktop\css1.css" />
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="C:\Users\User\Desktop\js.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header_wrap">
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
LOGO
</div>
<div class="nav">
<a href="http://www.google.se">
Stuff
</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0)">
Other stuff
</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0)">
More stuff
</a>
</div>
<div class="mobile_nav"></div>
<div class="mobile_nav_menu">
<div class="mobile_menu">
<span>Stuff</span>
<span>Other stuff</span>
<span>More stuff</span>
</div>
<div class="mobile_close">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="image_container">
<div class="inner_content" id="slide1">
<h2>
CONTENTS
</h2>
</div>
<a class="button" href="javascript:void(0)"></a>
</div>
</body>
the .js file contains this code
setTimeout(function(){
$("#slide1").css('opacity', '1');
},800);
setInterval(function(){
$(".button").toggleClass("opacity");
},1000);
//Navigation
$(".mobile_nav").click(function() {
$(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({right: 0});
})
$(".mobile_close").click(function() {
$(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({right: -270});
})
Can anyone help me out with what I'm doing wrong and how it can be fixed?
Thank you! /AJ
UPDATE: The .js loads (tried the alert function), but does not fill the function it should. Original pen can be found on http://codepen.io/yuriylianguzov/pen/qjwEe

One of the problems is that you are trying to reference a javascript file from a physical file path, and not a url (or relative path). You can't use your harddrive path in an html file to include javascript.
<script src="C:\Users\User\Desktop\js.js"></script>
If your javascript is in the same folder as your html, try something like this:
<script src="js.js"></script>
I'm not exactly sure what the expected behavior for the JavaScript is, because it appears to be doing what it is intended to do. If you look at the DOM in the codepen link that you provided the element with the id of 'slide1' has its opacity style set to 1 (see below) and the anchor tag with class of 'button' is getting the class 'opacity' toggled on and off every second (not depicted below, but you can see it happening in firebug).
<div class="image_container">
<div id="slide1" class="inner_content" style="opacity: 1;">
<h2>
We are who we choose to be.
</h2>
</div>
</div>
The other two click handler's are targeting empty elements (the element with class of 'mobile_nav', and the element with class of 'mobile_close') so they aren't going to do anything.
$(".mobile_nav").click(function() {
$(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({right: 0});
})
$(".mobile_close").click(function() {
$(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({right: -270});
})
<div class="mobile_nav"></div>
<div class="mobile_nav_menu">
<div class="mobile_menu">
<span>Projects</span>
<span>Profile</span>
<span>Contact</span>
</div>
<div class="mobile_close"></div>
</div>
I hope this helps!

1) Some of the elements your javascript is acting on don't have any content
2) Change the line $(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({right: 0}); to: $(".mobile_nav_menu").animate({"right": "0"}); and do the same with the other one, though it won't have any functionality, really.
3) your class mobile_nav_menu needs to have css that says position:relative for the attribute "right" to work.
4) I'd recommend moving your mobile_close div outside the mobile_nav_menu div so it doesn't move when you click it
If anyone has stuff to add, please do so.