I am creating variable and using it in for statement
for(var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
console.log(i)
}
It is working properly and resulting from 1-10;
When I write same in the if condition
if(var value = 10) {
console.log("Evaluate");
}
It is resulting Unexpected token var.
When I declare a variable (var a = 10), resulting the same error. Is there any issue.
An if statement only accepts an expression inside (something that evaluates to a value). Something like var value = ... is a statement - rather than evaluating to a value, it does something (namely, creates a local variable bound to the name value). So, since var value = ... cannot be evaluated as an expression, an error is thrown.
Some things can be evaluated both as statements and expressions (such as functions), but variable creation is not one of them.
Note that variable assignment is possible inside an if, because assignment does evaluate to the value assigned:
var value;
if(value = 10) {
console.log('value now has the value 10');
}
But that's really confusing to read - a reader of the code will likely immediately worry whether that's a typo or not. Better to assign variables outside of an if condition, whenever possible.
Only use var when you want to create a new variable. If you simply want to check a variable (for example, check whether the variable named value is 10), then just print that variable name, and use a comparison operator (===, not =):
if (value === 10) {
// do stuff
}
When you write
var value = 10
actually evaluated as the following statements:
var value;
value = 10
You can not write statement in if as condition, as the condition must be only expression:
An expression that is considered to be either truthy or falsy.
Declare and initialize the variable outside. Use proper operators.
var value = 10;
if(value == 10) {
console.log("Evaluate");
}
else {
console.log("Hello");
}
You need to declare the variable like this:
var value = 10;
if(value == 10) {
console.log("Evaluate");
}
Related
Why this is not true and VSCode gives me an error:
req.body.scores.forEach(score => var scores += score);
But this is true:
ali = () => {
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
var value = somearray[i];
};
}
var defined inside of both!
var scores is not an expression.
It is a statement and this is not allowed inside of arrow functions without a block statement.
Even if you take a block statement, scores is not known outside of the callback.
Beside that, the variable needs an inital numerical/string value, because you want to add another value to it.
You can't use var and += operator at the same time.
Add a block statement with {} and init the value if it's not created.
[1, 2, 3].forEach((score) => {
if(typeof scores === "undefined") scores = 0;
scores += score;
console.log(scores);
} );
Because return cannot be followed my statement. In arrow function anything with () or without () is return value of the arrow function.
According to Syntax Of return
return [[expression]];
The expression whose value is to be returned. If omitted, undefined is returned instead
Note:
var x = 0 is a statement but x = 0 is not statement is an exprssion
I want to assign a value to a variable when a condition is verified like this
if (k<12){
var Case=4;
}
The problem when i call this variable to be printed in the body of the page i get undefined
document.write(Case);
Basically your var statement gets hoisted and assigned with undefined.
Variable declarations, wherever they occur, are processed before any code is executed. The scope of a variable declared with var is its current execution context, which is either the enclosing function or, for variables declared outside any function, global. If you re-declare a JavaScript variable, it will not lose its value.
Order of execution:
var Case; // hoisted, value: undefined
if (k < 12) {
Case = 4;
}
You are getting undefined because you have not actually defined it. You are defining it when the condition is true. You should write the code like this.
var Case = null;
var k = 0;
if(k > 14) {
Case = 3;
}
document.write(Case);
I hope it was helpful.
var Case = 0;
if(k<12){
Case = 4;
}
document.write(Case);
You need to define it first so if k<12 == False it wont be undefined.
I have been using python for a while now, and have just started learning javascript. In javascript you can, as I understand it, declare a variable without assigning a value to it (var cheese compared to var cheese = 4) in what situation would you want to declare a variable but not assign a value to it straight away?
Consider this snippet.
if (someCondition) {
var x = 5;
} else if (someOtherCondition) {
var x = 4;
}
if (x) {
doFunc();
}
Since x needs to exist for the doFunc to run, you simply add an undefined declaration above. var x; so that the if (x) doesn't return an error.
You do this when you want the value of the variable to be undefined.
var cheese;
console.log(cheese); // undefined
It's simpler than
var cheese = undefined;
The undefined value doesn't seem much useful, but this will allow to assign some other value later.
var cheese; can be perfectly useful (even if you never assign anything to it). Of course it's a shorter way to type var cheese = undefined;, but that's not the only reason…
Using var declares a local variable, and this has a nice property: it hides variables from parent scopes.
There's another part to your question:
If we're going to assign a value to var cheese anyway: why not assign immediately?.
Answer: it may be fine for your algorithm to return cheese without ever assigning anything to it — i.e. "undefined is valid".
Here's an example which illustrates how var hides variables from parent scopes:
var a = 3;
console.log(a); // prints 3; "a" is defined in this scope
function findEvenNumber(numbers) {
var a; // we declare this local variable, to ensure that we do _not_ refer to the variable that exists in the parent scope
numbers.forEach(function(number) {
if (number % 2 === 0) {
a = number;
}
});
return a; // if no even number was found, it returns undefined (because we never assigned anything to a)
}
findEvenNumber([1, 2]); // returns 2;
console.log(a); // prints 3; the "a" in this scope did not get overwritten by the function
Speculation: maybe the var cheese; syntax exists in ECMA to enable programmers to declare all variables at the beginning of their function. Such a convention was enforced by the C89 compiler, and some people grew fond of it.
Is it possible to declare the variable within a conditional expression?
for example:
The code below return a syntax error (because I've declared the variable x within the conditional expression?).
var a = document.getElementById("userData");
var d = a.value;
function() {
(d.length>15)?(
alert("your input was too long")):(
var x = parseInt(d).toString(2),
a.value=x
);
}
obviously this can be fixed by simply adding var x; outside the statement, but is it possible for variables to be declared here?
Is it possible to declare the variable within a conditional expression?
No. var is a statement, and the operands to a conditional expression are expressions. The language grammar doesn't allow it. Thankfully.
You can do this with an immediately-invoked function:
(d.length>15)?(
alert("your input was too long")):
(function(){
var x = parseInt(d).toString(2);
a.value=x;
}())
);
But note that the x variable will not exist outside of the inner function. (I can't tell whether you want it to exist after the expression is evaluated or not.)
No. But you can initialize it with undefined
and set it with condition.
function Test()
{
d = 25.6654;
var x = (d.toString().length > 15) ? parseInt(d).toString() : undefined;
alert(typeof x === "undefined");
}
Then you can work with if(typeof x == "undefined") //do something
I was pondering something earlier. I wanted to check if a function had already been put into an array. If so throw an exception. I did this little test with the console...
So I guess I could say that the objects are always just references, and after setting a as x I could change x and a would be effected as well?
Would this mean that the condition x = a no matter what, which is what I want.
Using this to check if the function/object is already in the array I could just do this correct...
Is there a better way to do this?
Would this also mean that if I pass a variable to a function and mutate it in that function it will be mutated outside of that function as well?
EDIT
I guess I am right about the mutation with this little test. But I don't get why its bar in the first log in the second example
EDIT END
Example 1:
var x = function(){console.log("hello")}; var a = function(){console.log("hello")};
console.log(x == a); //comes out false
//Set a as x
a = x;
console.log(x == a); //comes out true
Example 2:
Array.prototype.Contains = Array.prototype.Contains || function (obj) {
return this.indexOf(obj) != -1;
};
var x = function(){console.log("hello")}; var a = function(){console.log("hello")};
var z = a;
console.log(x == a); //comes out false
var l = [];
l.push(x);
//Set a as x
a = x;
l.push(a);
console.log(x == a); //comes out true
console.log(l.Contains(x)); //Should come out true
console.log(l.Contains(a)); //Should come out true
console.log(l.Contains(z)); //Should come out false
Your question isn't entirely clear to me but I'll try to answer as best I can.
Improving the function
Your function could be simplified to leverage the indexOf function.
Array.prototype.Contains = Array.prototype.Contains || function (obj) {
return this.indexOf(obj) >= 0;
};
Also I want to point out that in your implementation you're looping through everything when you could exit early by returning inside the if.
Array.prototype.Contains = Array.prototype.Contains || function (obj) {
var i;
for (i = 0; i < this.length; i += 1) {
if (this[i] === obj) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
};
x == a
I think you understand but just want to clarify, x and a are different originally because they are referencing different functions. When you set x = a they are both pointing at the function declared originally in x and are therefore the same. Even thought the functions are identical in terms of implementation, they were both constructed and then placed in different parts of memory.
When you do this:
var x = function(){console.log("hello")}; var a = function(){console.log("hello")}
x and a point to different functions. Even if you compare them for equality, they are not equal as all equality checking does here is see if they point to the same function or not - there is no attempt made to see if they would produce the same output when run or not (that is almost impossible to do in general, after all).
When you do something like x = a, x now references whatever a is referencing - the same object. So now they compare equal.
If you need to see if a function already exists in an array, I suggest instead of just placing arrays in a big list, you create a dictionary (hashmap, hashtable, whatever you want to call it) that uses strings as keys as function as values. The key would be the 'name' of a function - whenever you make that function you'd use the same name, and names in different places in memory but with the same characters in them WILL compare equal.
You're really confused. Everything in JavaScript (except for primitive data types, null and undefined) is an object, and objects are stored in variables as reference. Read the following answer to know more about the differences between the two: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13268731/783743
When you define two identical functions (in your case x and a) JavaScript sees them as separate functions. This is because in addition to the function body a function also maintains its own environment and state. Hence x and a are not the same function which is why x === a returns false.
By setting x = a you're essentially copying the reference stored in a into x. Hence they now point to the same function (which is the function a was originally referring to). The function x was originally referring to is now lost and will eventually be garbage collected. Thus x === a now returns true.
BTW you don't need to create a special Contains function to check whether an object is already inside an array. Just use indexOf:
var array = [];
function x() {}
array.indexOf(x); // returns -1
array.push(x);
array.indexOf(x); // returns 0
If the index is less than 0 the object is not in the array.
If you want to check whether the function body of two functions is the same then use this function:
function sameFunctionBody(a, b) {
return String(a) === String(b);
}
Now console.log(sameFunctionBody(x, a)) will return true as long as both the functions are exactly the same (including whitespace, parameters, function name, etc).