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MATLAB as COM Automation Server with Javascript

I am trying to make a connection between Matlab and a Javascript (typescript in my case) program with a COM automation server as suggested on the MathWorks website. The docs on the website have examples for some languages created by MS, not for javascript.
I can't seem to find a lot of information on how to establish such a COM connection with JS. From what I've read, it's an old Microsoft feature that was only used with Internet Explorer.
Problem
The program I am writing is a VS Code extension, thus I am not using Internet Explorer at all. As a result, I do not believe I can use ActiveXObjects.
Question
Is there another way to establish a connection between my typescript code and the Matlab instance?
Goal
I am trying to run Matlab files from the VS Code terminal without opening a custom Matlab terminal or the complete Matlab GUI. The output should be displayed in the VS Code terminal as well. On MacOS and Linux, I can simply use the CLI tools, but due to the differences between the Windows version and MacOS/Linux versions, this is not possible on Windows.

I haven't used TypeScript very much, and what little I did, it was a long time ago when it was completely new.
However, the NPM package win32ole can be used in NodeJS, so I would assume you would be able to use it in Typescript as well (perhaps with some minor modifications to the example, or a small wrapper).
win32ole npm page
This is an example from that page, showing how to interact with Excel to create and save a worksheet.
try{
var win32ole = require('win32ole');
// var xl = new ActiveXObject('Excel.Application'); // You may write it as:
var xl = win32ole.client.Dispatch('Excel.Application');
xl.Visible = true;
var book = xl.Workbooks.Add();
var sheet = book.Worksheets(1);
try{
sheet.Name = 'sheetnameA utf8';
sheet.Cells(1, 2).Value = 'test utf8';
var rg = sheet.Range(sheet.Cells(2, 2), sheet.Cells(4, 4));
rg.RowHeight = 5.18;
rg.ColumnWidth = 0.58;
rg.Interior.ColorIndex = 6; // Yellow
var result = book.SaveAs('testfileutf8.xls');
console.log(result);
}catch(e){
console.log('(exception cached)\n' + e);
}
xl.ScreenUpdating = true;
xl.Workbooks.Close();
xl.Quit();
}catch(e){
console.log('*** exception cached ***\n' + e);
}

crypto.subtle don't exist even with webcrypto-shim

I'm making a Cordova app with backbone and my goal was to achieve socket authentification with a JSON Web Token (JWT).
To sign my JWT, I used webcrypto-jwt and it worked well when using the app in the browser.
Then I tried the app on my mobile and BBAAMM...
webcrypto-jwt uses the browser's window.crypto.subtle module.
var cryptoSubtle = (window.crypto && crypto.subtle) ||
(window.crypto && crypto.webkitSubtle) ||
(window.msCrypto && window.msCrypto.Subtle);
But no subtle on android web view!
So I used webcrypto-shim to add the crypto.subtle. But it doesn't work.
That's a screenshot of my cordova's window object. It does have a crypto key but with no subtle in it!
So I can't sign my JWT.

https://github.com/PeculiarVentures/webcrypto-liner will provide you a working webcrypto on most platforms.
I have used it with https://github.com/square/js-jose just fine.
You can test your browsers support for WebCrypto with this - https://peculiarventures.github.io/pv-webcrypto-tests/
Ryan

WebCryptographyApi is not supported on Android WebView, and webcrypto-shim is not targeted to this component
The library is targeted to fix these browsers having prefixed and buggy webcrypto api implementations:
Internet Explorer 11, Mobile Internet Explorer 11,
Safari 8+, iOS Safari 8+.
So you are getting the expected behaviour. I think window.crypto that is showing Cordova is the old implementation.
If you need key storage I suggest use the Android native keystore (or iOS if you build for it). If you are looking for cryptographic function, include a pure javascript library

After more research and tests I have found a pure js library that works on cordova.
jsrsasign
I used it to authentificate my JWT. It doesn't use the the crypto.subtle module.
// Header
var oHeader = { alg: 'HS256', typ: 'JWT' };
// Payload
var oPayload = {};
var tNow = KJUR.jws.IntDate.get('now');
var tEnd = KJUR.jws.IntDate.get('now + 1day');
oPayload.iss = "http://foobar.com";
oPayload.sub = "mailto:someone#hello.com";
oPayload.iat = tNow;
oPayload.exp = tEnd;
oPayload.jti = "id123";
oPayload.aud = "http://someUrl";
oPayload.email = "userEmail";
oPayload.pwd = "userPassword";
oPayload.deviceId = "deviceId";
// Sign JWT.
var sHeader = JSON.stringify(oHeader);
var sPayload = JSON.stringify(oPayload);
//secret -> your secret that the server gave you.
var sJWT = KJUR.jws.JWS.sign("HS256", sHeader, sPayload, secret);
console.log(sJWT);
So that's it. It solved my problem.
I know that the undefined crypto.subtle error still exists. I did not find any solutions to that problem.
I supose that one day the developers in charge of cordova will make the effort to support the cryto module that we can find in all other browser but for now the only solution is to used third party libraries.

How do I adapt the WinRT JScript RDP sample to XAML?

The WinRT JScript sample "Remote Desktop app container client sample" runs the RDP activeX component. This sample is similar to the RDP App downloaded from Windows Store. The sample is contained in MSDN Windows-8-Modern-Style-App-Samples. As you can see from the code the JScript is doing ActiveX in a WinRT app!!! Does any one know how to adapt this sample to XAML ?
createClientControl: function (desktopWidth, desktopHeight) {
// Initialize RDP client control.
// Create object element.
var clientControlObject = document.createElement("object");
// Register for ActiveX events.
clientControlObject.addEventListener("readystatechange", function (e) {
if (clientControlObject.readyState !== 4) {
WinJS.log && WinJS.log("Error: ActiveX control readyState is not 4. ReadyState: " + clientControlObject.readyState, "sample", "error");
}
}, false);
clientControlObject.addEventListener("error", function (e) {
WinJS.log && WinJS.log("Error in loading the ActiveX control", "sample", "error");
}, false);
// Set object's classid to RDP client control's s CLSID.
clientControlObject.classid = "CLSID:EAB16C5D-EED1-4E95-868B-0FBA1B42C092";
clientControlObject.id = "clientControl";
// Set object's height and width.
clientControlObject.width = desktopWidth;
clientControlObject.height = desktopHeight;
// Add the element to DOM.
var clientControlRegion = document.getElementById("clientControlRegion");
clientControlRegion.appendChild(clientControlObject);
return clientControlObject;
},

I think the easiest way is to download the C# sample and see how they did it (instead of translating the JS version) http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsapps/Windows-8-Modern-Style-App-Samples/file/60705/34/Windows%208%20app%20samples.zip

The documentation says that Remote Desktop Services in this context is designed for Javascript:
Developer audience
Remote Desktop Services objects for Windows Store apps are designed for use by Windows
Store apps using JavaScript.
As far as I know there is no C# sample available, which was probably your question.
Because XAML has nothing to do with the implementation of RDP.

Automatic Language Selection without click on flag [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Get visitors language & country code with javascript (client-side) [duplicate]
(3 answers)
How to determine user's locale within browser?
(10 answers)
Closed 4 years ago.
I have been trying to detect the browser language preference using JavaScript.
If I set the browser language in IE in Tools>Internet Options>General>Languages, how do I read this value using JavaScript?
Same problem for Firefox. I'm not able to detect the setting for tools>options>content>languages using navigator.language.
Using navigator.userLanguage , it detects the setting done thru
Start>ControlPanel>RegionalandLanguageOptions>Regional Options tab.
I have tested with navigator.browserLanguage and navigator.systemLanguage but neither returns the value for the first setting(Tools>InternetOptions>General>Languages)
I found a link which discusses this in detail, but the question remains unanswered :(

I think the main problem here is that the browser settings don't actually affect the navigator.language property that is obtained via javascript.
What they do affect is the HTTP 'Accept-Language' header, but it appears this value is not available through javascript at all. (Probably why #anddoutoi states he can't find a reference for it that doesn't involve server side.)
I have coded a workaround: I've knocked up a google app engine script at http://ajaxhttpheaders.appspot.com that will return you the HTTP request headers via JSONP.
(Note: this is a hack only to be used if you do not have a back end available that can do this for you. In general you should not be making calls to third party hosted javascript files in your pages unless you have a very high level of trust in the host.)
I intend to leave it there in perpetuity so feel free to use it in your code.
Here's some example code (in jQuery) for how you might use it
$.ajax({
url: "http://ajaxhttpheaders.appspot.com",
dataType: 'jsonp',
success: function(headers) {
language = headers['Accept-Language'];
nowDoSomethingWithIt(language);
}
});
Hope someone finds this useful.
Edit: I have written a small jQuery plugin on github that wraps this functionality: https://github.com/dansingerman/jQuery-Browser-Language
Edit 2: As requested here is the code that is running on AppEngine (super trivial really):
class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
headers = self.request.headers
callback = self.request.get('callback')
if callback:
self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/javascript'
self.response.out.write(callback + "(")
self.response.out.write(headers)
self.response.out.write(")")
else:
self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
self.response.out.write("I need a callback=")
application = webapp.WSGIApplication(
[('/', MainPage)],
debug=False)
def main():
run_wsgi_app(application)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Edit3: Have open sourced the app engine code here: https://github.com/dansingerman/app-engine-headers

var language = window.navigator.userLanguage || window.navigator.language;
alert(language); //works IE/SAFARI/CHROME/FF
window.navigator.userLanguage is IE only and it's the language set in Windows Control Panel - Regional Options and NOT browser language, but you could suppose that a user using a machine with Window Regional settings set to France is probably a French user.
navigator.language is FireFox and all other browser.
Some language code: 'it' = italy, 'en-US' = english US, etc.
As pointed out by rcoup and The WebMacheter in comments below, this workaround won't let you discriminate among English dialects when users are viewing website in browsers other than IE.
window.navigator.language (Chrome/FF/Safari) returns always browser language and not browser's preferred language, but: "it's pretty common for English speakers (gb, au, nz, etc) to have an en-us version of Firefox/Chrome/Safari." Hence window.navigator.language will still return en-US even if the user preferred language is en-GB.

Update of year 2014.
Now there is a way to get Accept-Languages in Firefox and Chrome using navigator.languages (works in Chrome >= 32 and Firefox >= 32)
Also, navigator.language in Firefox these years reflects most preferred language of content, not language of UI. But since this notion is yet to be supported by other browsers, it is not very useful.
So, to get most preferred content language when possible, and use UI language as fallback:
navigator.languages
? navigator.languages[0]
: (navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage)

I came across this piece of code to detect browser's language in Angular Translate module, which you can find the source here. I slightly modified the code by replacing angular.isArray with Array.isArray to make it independent of Angular library.
var getFirstBrowserLanguage = function () {
var nav = window.navigator,
browserLanguagePropertyKeys = ['language', 'browserLanguage', 'systemLanguage', 'userLanguage'],
i,
language;
// support for HTML 5.1 "navigator.languages"
if (Array.isArray(nav.languages)) {
for (i = 0; i < nav.languages.length; i++) {
language = nav.languages[i];
if (language && language.length) {
return language;
}
}
}
// support for other well known properties in browsers
for (i = 0; i < browserLanguagePropertyKeys.length; i++) {
language = nav[browserLanguagePropertyKeys[i]];
if (language && language.length) {
return language;
}
}
return null;
};
console.log(getFirstBrowserLanguage());

let lang = window.navigator.languages ? window.navigator.languages[0] : null;
lang = lang || window.navigator.language || window.navigator.browserLanguage || window.navigator.userLanguage;
let shortLang = lang;
if (shortLang.indexOf('-') !== -1)
shortLang = shortLang.split('-')[0];
if (shortLang.indexOf('_') !== -1)
shortLang = shortLang.split('_')[0];
console.log(lang, shortLang);
I only needed the primary component for my needs, but you can easily just use the full string. Works with latest Chrome, Firefox, Safari and IE10+.

var language = navigator.languages && navigator.languages[0] || // Chrome / Firefox
navigator.language || // All browsers
navigator.userLanguage; // IE <= 10
console.log(language);
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/NavigatorLanguage/languages
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/NavigatorLanguage/language
Try PWA Template https://github.com/StartPolymer/progressive-web-app-template

navigator.userLanguage for IE
window.navigator.language for firefox/opera/safari

I've been using Hamid's answer for a while, but it in cases where the languages array is like ["en", "en-GB", "en-US", "fr-FR", "fr", "en-ZA"] it will return "en", when "en-GB" would be a better match.
My update (below) will return the first long format code e.g. "en-GB", otherwise it will return the first short code e.g. "en", otherwise it will return null.
function getFirstBrowserLanguage() {
var nav = window.navigator,
browserLanguagePropertyKeys = ['language', 'browserLanguage', 'systemLanguage', 'userLanguage'],
i,
language,
len,
shortLanguage = null;
// support for HTML 5.1 "navigator.languages"
if (Array.isArray(nav.languages)) {
for (i = 0; i < nav.languages.length; i++) {
language = nav.languages[i];
len = language.length;
if (!shortLanguage && len) {
shortLanguage = language;
}
if (language && len>2) {
return language;
}
}
}
// support for other well known properties in browsers
for (i = 0; i < browserLanguagePropertyKeys.length; i++) {
language = nav[browserLanguagePropertyKeys[i]];
//skip this loop iteration if property is null/undefined. IE11 fix.
if (language == null) { continue; }
len = language.length;
if (!shortLanguage && len) {
shortLanguage = language;
}
if (language && len > 2) {
return language;
}
}
return shortLanguage;
}
console.log(getFirstBrowserLanguage());
Update: IE11 was erroring when some properties were undefined. Added a check to skip those properties.

I've just come up with this. It combines newer JS destructuring syntax with a few standard operations to retrieve the language and locale.
var [lang, locale] = (
(
(
navigator.userLanguage || navigator.language
).replace(
'-', '_'
)
).toLowerCase()
).split('_');
Hope it helps someone

There is no decent way to get that setting, at least not something browser independent.
But the server has that info, because it is part of the HTTP request header (the Accept-Language field, see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4)
So the only reliable way is to get an answer back from the server. You will need something that runs on the server (like .asp, .jsp, .php, CGI) and that "thing" can return that info.
Good examples here: http://www.developershome.com/wap/detection/detection.asp?page=readHeader

I can't find a single reference that state that it's possible without involving the serverside.
MSDN on:
navigator.browserLanguage
navigator.systemLanguage
navigator.userLanguage
From browserLanguage:
In Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 and
earlier, the browserLanguage property
reflects the language of the installed
browser's user interface. For example,
if you install a Japanese version of
Windows Internet Explorer on an
English operating system,
browserLanguage would be ja.
In Internet Explorer 5 and later,
however, the browserLanguage property
reflects the language of the operating
system regardless of the installed
language version of Internet Explorer.
However, if Microsoft Windows 2000
MultiLanguage version is installed,
the browserLanguage property indicates
the language set in the operating
system's current menus and dialogs, as
found in the Regional Options of the
Control Panel. For example, if you
install a Japanese version of Internet
Explorer 5 on an English (United
Kingdom) operating system,
browserLanguage would be en-gb. If you
install Windows 2000 MultiLanguage
version and set the language of the
menus and dialogs to French,
browserLanguage would be fr, even
though you have a Japanese version of
Internet Explorer.
Note This property does not indicate
the language or languages set by the
user in Language Preferences, located
in the Internet Options dialog box.
Furthermore, it looks like browserLanguage is deprecated cause IE8 doesn't list it

I had the same problem, and I wrote the following front-end only library that wraps up the code for multiple browsers. It's not much code, but nice to not have to copy and paste the same code across multiple websites.
Get it: acceptedlanguages.js
Use it:
<script src="acceptedlanguages.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
console.log('Accepted Languages: ' + acceptedlanguages.accepted);
</script>
It always returns an array, ordered by users preference. In Safari & IE the array is always single length. In FF and Chrome it may be more than one language.

I would like to share my code, because it works and it is different than the others given anwers.
In this example, if you speak French (France, Belgium or other French language) you are redirected on the French page, otherwise on the English page, depending on the browser configuration:
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
var userLang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage;
if (userLang.startsWith("fr")) {
window.location.href = '../fr/index.html';
}
else {
window.location.href = '../en/index.html';
}
});
</script>

If you only need to support certain modern browsers then you can now use:
navigator.languages
which returns an array of the user's language preferences in the order specified by the user.
As of now (Sep 2014) this works on:
Chrome (v37),
Firefox (v32) and
Opera (v24)
But not on:
IE (v11)

Javascript way:
var language = window.navigator.userLanguage || window.navigator.language;//returns value like 'en-us'
If you are using jQuery.i18n plugin, you can use:
jQuery.i18n.browserLang();//returns value like '"en-US"'

If you are developing a Chrome App / Extension use the chrome.i18n API.
chrome.i18n.getAcceptLanguages(function(languages) {
console.log(languages);
// ["en-AU", "en", "en-US"]
});

DanSingerman has a very good solution for this question.
The only reliable source for the language is in the HTTP-request header.
So you need a server-side script to reply the request-header or at least the Accept-Language field back to you.
Here is a very simple Node.js server which should be compatible with DanSingermans jQuery plugin.
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end(JSON.stringify(req.headers));
}).listen(80,'0.0.0.0');

For what it's worth, Wikimedia's Universal Language Selector library has hooks for doing this:
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector
See the function getFrequentLanguageList in resources/js/ext.uls.init.js . Direct link:
https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector.git;a=blob;f=resources/js/ext.uls.init.js;hb=HEAD
It still depends on the server, or more specifically, the MediaWiki API. The reason I'm showing it is that it may provide a good example of getting all the useful information about the user's language: browser language, Accept-Language, geolocation (with getting country/language info from the CLDR), and of course, user's own site preferences.

Dan Singerman's answer has an issue that the header fetched has to be used right away, due to the asynchronous nature of jQuery's ajax. However, with his google app server, I wrote the following, such that the header is set as part of the initial set up and can be used at later time.
<html>
<head>
<script>
var bLocale='raw'; // can be used at any other place
function processHeaders(headers){
bLocale=headers['Accept-Language'];
comma=bLocale.indexOf(',');
if(comma>0) bLocale=bLocale.substring(0, comma);
}
</script>
<script src="jquery-1.11.0.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="http://ajaxhttpheaders.appspot.com?callback=processHeaders"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="bLocale">Should be the browser locale here</h1>
</body>
<script>
$("#bLocale").text(bLocale);
</script>
</html>

If you don't want to rely on an external server and you have one of your own you can use a simple PHP script to achieve the same behavior as #DanSingerman answer.
languageDetector.php:
<?php
$lang = substr($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'], 0, 2);
echo json_encode($lang);
?>
And just change this lines from the jQuery script:
url: "languageDetector.php",
dataType: 'json',
success: function(language) {
nowDoSomethingWithIt(language);
}

If you have control of a backend and are using django, a 4 line implementation of Dan's idea is:
def get_browser_lang(request):
if request.META.has_key('HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'):
return JsonResponse({'response': request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']})
else:
return JsonResponse({'response': settings.DEFAULT_LANG})
then in urls.py:
url(r'^browserlang/$', views.get_browser_lang, name='get_browser_lang'),
and on the front end:
$.get(lg('SERVER') + 'browserlang/', function(data){
var lang_code = data.response.split(',')[0].split(';')[0].split('-')[0];
});
(you have to set DEFAULT_LANG in settings.py of course)

Based on the answer here Accessing the web page's HTTP Headers in JavaScript I built the following script to get the browser language:
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('GET', document.location, false);
req.send(null);
var headers = req.getAllResponseHeaders().toLowerCase();
var contentLanguage = headers.match( /^content-language\:(.*)$/gm );
if(contentLanguage[0]) {
return contentLanguage[0].split(":")[1].trim().toUpperCase();
}

If you are using ASP .NET MVC and you want to get the Accepted-Languages header from JavaScript then here is a workaround example that does not involve any asynchronous requests.
In your .cshtml file, store the header securely in a div's data- attribute:
<div data-languages="#Json.Encode(HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages)"></div>
Then your JavaScript code can access the info, e.g. using JQuery:
<script type="text/javascript">
$('[data-languages]').each(function () {
var languages = $(this).data("languages");
for (var i = 0; i < languages.length; i++) {
var regex = /[-;]/;
console.log(languages[i].split(regex)[0]);
}
});
</script>
Of course you can use a similar approach with other server technologies as others have mentioned.

For who are looking for Java Server solution
Here is RestEasy
#GET
#Path("/preference-language")
#Consumes({"application/json", "application/xml"})
#Produces({"application/json", "application/xml"})
public Response getUserLanguagePreference(#Context HttpHeaders headers) {
return Response.status(200)
.entity(headers.getAcceptableLanguages().get(0))
.build();
}

i had a diffrent approach, this might help someone in the future:
the customer wanted a page where you can swap languages.
i needed to format numbers by that setting (not the browser setting / not by any predefined setting)
so i set an initial setting depending on the config settings (i18n)
$clang = $this->Session->read('Config.language');
echo "<script type='text/javascript'>var clang = '$clang'</script>";
later in the script i used a function to determine what numberformating i need
function getLangsettings(){
if(typeof clang === 'undefined') clang = navigator.language;
//console.log(clang);
switch(clang){
case 'de':
case 'de-de':
return {precision : 2, thousand : ".", decimal : ","}
case 'en':
case 'en-gb':
default:
return {precision : 2, thousand : ",", decimal : "."}
}
}
so i used the set language of the page and as a fallback i used the browser settings.
which should be helpfull for testing purposes aswell.
depending on your customers you might not need that settings.

I have a hack that I think uses very little code and is quite reliable.
Put your site's files in a subdirectory. SSL into your server and create symlinks to that subdirectory where your files are stored that indicate your languages.
Something like this:
ln -s /var/www/yourhtml /var/www/en
ln -s /var/www/yourhtml /var/www/sp
ln -s /var/www/yourhtml /var/www/it
Use your web server to read HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE and redirect to these "different subdirectories" according to the language value it provides.
Now you can use Javascript's window.location.href to get your url and use it in conditionals to reliably identify the preferred language.
url_string = window.location.href;
if (url_string = "http://yoursite.com/it/index.html") {
document.getElementById("page-wrapper").className = "italian";
}

Does the ExternalInterface, in Flex 3, have a data size limitation?

I am using the ExternalInterface on Flex 3. We are actually using flex to compress a large amount of DOM data, so this is specifically being used with LARGE data.
To further investigate, if there is a limitation, is this universal? (IE. Silverlight)
First, let me state that this is being done with an application that was made by inexperienced software engineers. This is an app that we need to buy time by compressing the data so that we can build a long-term solution. We have no other options, unfortunately.
Background: This is an application that is actually a web-spreadsheet. Our long term solution is to make a Office Business Application.

No, Flash do not impose any size limits on ExternalInterface communication.

I think it does, or there is some other configuration which governs this. I was testing a file upload using FileReference object and wanted to pass the data sent from server back to hosting page via external interface call. Below is a snippet of my UPLOAD_COMPLETE_DATA event handler
private function onFileUploadCompleteData (e:DataEvent):void
{
var file:FileReference = FileReference(e.target);
Alert.show("onFileUploadCompleteData : " + e.data );
if(ExternalInterface.available && callBackOnUploadCompleteData.length > 0)
{
var data:Object = new Object();
data.FileName = file.name;
data.ServerData = e.data;
//data.ServerData = e.data.substr(0, 50);
ExternalInterface.call(callBackOnUploadCompleteData, data);
}
}
This event gets fired but the call to my javascript is never made. If I uncomment the line which trims the returned data to first 50 characters, it start working and calls the javascript correctly.
Either there is a size restriction imposed by flash (10.2) or IE9 (which is what I was using), or there is something else I am missing.