Javascript String.charAt(i) and string[i] give a different result? - javascript

I wrote a short function to split a string into an array of words (using a loop -- this was an exercise, I don't claim it's pretty code). It works fine when I use String.charAt() to access a character but doesn't when I use string[i]. Shouldn't these give the same results?
"use strict"
function whitespace(ch) {
return (ch == ' ') || (ch == '\t') || (ch == '\n');
}
function splitToWords(string) {
var words = [];
var wordStart = 0;
var inWord = false;
var isWhitespace;
for (var i = 0; i <= string.length; i++) {
//this works fine
isWhitespace = whitespace(string.charAt(i));
// but this doesn't -- causes the final test (below) to fail
// isWhitespace = whitespace(string[i]);
if (inWord && isWhitespace) {
words.push(string.slice(wordStart, i));
inWord = false;
} else if (!inWord && !isWhitespace) {
wordStart = i;
inWord = true;
}
}
if (inWord) words.push(string.slice(wordStart, i));
return words;
}
This test passes when I use String.charAt() but fails using index access to the string
var words = splitToWords(' ');
console.log(words.length === 0); // => true
Shouldn't the two modes of access give the same result? Thanks for any help in pointing out my error!

Related

JavaScript function is always returning true where it should be false

My JavaScript function is always returning true whatever I write. The problem given wants me to validate that:
space at beginning or at end are Not allowed.
every character in the field must be a letter or a space (at most 1 space!) to seperate the words in the field (it's about palindrome words, i already wrote its function estPalindrome(word)).
the button "chercher" must be enabled once 1 word is valid.
I have also tried to replace phrase and len inside and outside the function. The results are terrible:
Inside it only alerts "true" when I blur out with empty field
outside it alerts "true" every time, whatever I write.
Note: I am NOT allowed to change anything in HTML code.
var phrase = document.getElementById('phrase').value;
var len = phrase.length;
function estPhrase() {
var verify = true;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
let ch = phrase.charAt(i);
let isLetter = (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == ' ';
if (!isLetter || (ch == ' ' && phrase.charAt(i + 1) == ' ') || phrase.charAt(0) == ' ' || phrase.charAt(len - 1) == ' ')
verify = false;
}
if (len > 0)
butt.removeAttribute('disabled');
var words = new Array();
for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i++, j++) {
ch = phrase.charAt(i);
words[j] = "";
while (ch != ' ') {
words[j] += ch;
i++;
}
if (estPalindrome(words[j]) == true)
count++;
}
console.log(verify);
}
<div> Phrase: <input type="text" id="phrase" onblur="estPhrase()" size="50" /></div>
As the html can't be changed and the function estPhrase() is called directly from the <input> element, then the phrase and len variables should be moved into the function body.
It was quite hard to refactor and debug your current code based on your current requirements. Certain segments of code were in need of simplification. Whilst I would not normally do this, it was just easier to re-write the majority of the function. I know this may not be desirable but doing so may introduce you to new techniques and Javascript functions whilst also improving code readability at the same time.
Not knowing the inner workings of your estPalindrome() function, for testing purposes I have return true in all cases. Returning false would only prevent the counter from incrementing.
One thing of note is what 'should' happen if verify becomes false. Should the verify flag be tested prior to splitting the phrase into individual words? If so, then it would abort the remainder of the function and not cause an error in your estPalindrone() function.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div> Phrase: <input type="text" id="phrase" onblur="estPhrase()" size="50"/></div>
<button id="chercher" disabled>Chercher Button</button>
</body>
<script>
function estPhrase() {
let phrase = document.getElementById('phrase').value;
let chercher = document.getElementById('chercher');
let verify = true;
// Check phrase does not contain a leading or trailing edge space.
if (phrase.length !== phrase.trim().length) {
verify = false;
}
// Check phrase does not contain more than one sequential space.
if (phrase.includes(' ')) {
verify = false;
}
// Check phrase only contains valid characters (a-z, A-Z, space).
if (/[^a-zA-Z ]/.test(phrase)) {
verify = false;
}
// Bail early on failure. It could also be performed within the above 'if' statements.
// if (verify === false) {
// return;
// }
// Now the phrase has been validated, splitting the phrase
// into words for individual consumption should be error free.
let words = phrase.split(' ');
let count = 0;
// Pass the words one by one into the 'estPalindrone' function.
for (let word in words) {
if (estPalindrome(word) === true) {
count++;
}
}
// Disable button if count is 0.
if (count === 0) {
chercher.setAttribute('disabled', '');
} else {
chercher.removeAttribute('disabled');
}
// Testing.
console.log('Phrase: ' + phrase);
console.log('Verify: ' + verify);
console.log('Words: ' + words);
console.log('Count: ' + count);
}
function estPalindrome(word) {
// Do stuff with word...
return true;
}
</script>
</html>
Modified a little and found it is working fine. working code
let phrase = 'abcd lpp';
// let phrase = ' abcdlpp';
// let phrase = 'abcdlpp ';
// let phrase = 'abc,dlpp';
let len = phrase.length;
function estPhrase() {
let verify = true;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
let ch = phrase.charAt(i);
let isLetter = (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch === ' ';
if (!isLetter || (ch === ' ' && phrase.charAt(i + 1) === ' ') || phrase.charAt(0) === ' ' || phrase.charAt(len - 1) === ' ')
verify = false;
}
console.log(verify);
}
estPhrase(phrase)

Regular Expression to check- No more than 2 sequential numbers or characters and No more than 1 same numbers or characters-Javascript

I want to reject user input if it contains 2 sequential numbers or characters ,for example 1234,jkl, zyxw and if it contains more than 1 same numbers or characters like aaer,0000,aabb,pp22. Thank you for insights. I have regex for the second one but dont know how to combine the two expressions:
"([a-zA-Z0-9])\\1{1,}"
Doing this in regex is neither sound nor practical. However, you can easily check if your input contains a sequential (abc.. or cba) pattern using code like that:
function isSequencial(input) {
var numpattern = '0123456789012345789'; // match ascending/descending sequence of numbers.
var charpattern = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA'; // match ascending/descending sequence of letters.
for (var i = 0; i < input.length-1; i++) {
var shard = input.substring(i,i+2);
if(numpattern.indexOf(shard) != -1) {
console.log('sequential number pattern detected: ' + shard);
return true;
}
if (charpattern.indexOf(shard.toUpperCase()) != -1) {
console.log('sequential letter pattern detected: ' +shard);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
console.log("isSequencial(a234):" + isSequencial("a234"));
console.log("isSequencial(azyx):" + isSequencial("azyx"));
console.log("isSequencial(xbc):" + isSequencial("xbc"));
console.log("isSequencial(2435):" + isSequencial("2435"));
This code can be optimized but is easy to understand and maintain since it does not try to do multiple things at once. You should be able to combine this with your existing approach.
The simplest solution for your first requirement would be to parse it, as with a regex it will be not that easy to set up, if at all possible.
Here I used charCodeAt (and check for both sequence/equal and duplicates characters)
var input1 = "1543abc3";
var input2 = "cba23DEf";
var input3 = "ba2354cd";
console.log('test 1');
testit(input1.split(''));
console.log('test 2');
testit(input2.split(''));
console.log('test 3');
testit(input3.split(''));
function testit (arr) {
var prev = arr[0].charCodeAt(0) + 1, prev2 = -1;
for (var i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
var arritem = arr[i].charCodeAt(0);
if ( (arritem == prev && arritem == (prev2+1)) || // abc
(arritem == (prev-2) && arritem == (prev2-3)) // cba
) {
console.log(' - sequence, more than 2: ', arr[i-2], arr[i-1], arr[i] );
//return false;
}
if (arr.indexOf(arr[i-1],i) > -1) {
console.log(' - duplicate, more than 1: ', arr[i-1] );
//return false;
}
prev2 = prev;
prev = arr[i].charCodeAt(0) + 1;
}
//return true;
}

Split a variable using mathematical equations in javascript

I have two questions actually.
What I want to do is 1st to check if the user entered value is a correct mathematical equation. For example, if the use enters x + y ( z this should detect as an invalid formula and x + y ( z ) as a correct one,
The 2nd thing I want to do is to split the formula from the + - * / () signs, so the above formula will be return as x, y, z.
What I have done is bellow
var arr = [];
var s = 'x + y ( z )';
arr = s.split("(?<=[-+*/])|(?=[-+*/])");
console.log(arr);
This returns a single array with just one data like, [x + y ( z )]
Another thing, the variables are not single letters. they could be
words like, annual price, closing price, etc
Can someone help me in this problem. Thanks in advance
UPDATE : I have tried "/[^+/*()-]+/g" also
For the second part:
var s = 'x + y ( z )';
var arr = s.match(/(\w)/g);
console.log(arr);
document.write(JSON.stringify(arr));
Of course, you have to check the validity of the input first.
Edit: using Tomer W's answer suggesting eval():
function checkExpression(str) {
// check for allowed characters only
if (/[^\w\d\(\)\+\*\/\-\s]/.exec(s) != null)
return false;
// extract variable names, assuming they're all one letter only
var arr = s.match(/(\w+)/g);
// instantiate the variables
arr.forEach(function (variable) {
eval(variable + '= 1');
});
// ( is alone, replace it by * (
str = str.replace(/\(/g, '* (');
try {
eval(str);
return true;
}
catch (ex) {
console.log(ex);
return false;
}
}
It's dirty but it works most of the time (Tomer W pointed some edge cases like ++62+5 or 54++++6 that can be avoided with an another regex check), do you have more complicated example to test?
Word of warning
VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS METHOD AHEAD !!!
I am posting this as it is a valid answer, but you should do it only with extreme caution as a user can totally mess up your site.
DO not let the one user input be used in eval for another user !!! EVER !!!
Actual answer
You can use the built-in java-script compiler of your browser, and use eval()
function checkEq(equ)
{
for(ch in equ){
// check that all characters in input are "equasion usable"
if(" +-*/1234567890e^&%!=".indexOf(ch) === -1)
{ // if there are invalid chars
return false;
}
}
try{
// try running the equ, will throw an exception on a syntax error.
eval(equ);
return true; // no exception
}
catch(ex){
return false; // syntax error
}
}
Plunker example
and as i noted before! extreme caution!
Using both #ShanShan and #Tomer W answers, I wrote a formula validator. the code is bellow. In this validator, I checks for opening and closing brackets, extra / * - + signs, unwanted symbols, etc.
If the user wants to create and validate a formula with x,y,z
variables, user have to add the variables to an array and pass it to
this validator with the formula written so the validator accepts the
variables which are not numbers.
I also used a custom set mentioned in this post. https://stackoverflow.com/a/4344227/918277
Important : This java script function can't validate very complex formulas with sin, cos, tan, log, etc. Script will identify them as just letters and will return false.
function StringSet() {
var setObj = {}, val = {};
this.add = function(str) {
setObj[str] = val;
};
this.contains = function(str) {
return setObj[str] === val;
};
this.remove = function(str) {
delete setObj[str];
};
this.values = function() {
var values = [];
for ( var i in setObj) {
if (setObj[i] === val) {
values.push(i);
}
}
return values;
};
}
/**
*
* #param _formulaInputs
* Array of use entered inputs to be use in formula
* #param _formula
* User entered formula
* #returns {Boolean}
*/
function validateFormula(_formulaInputs, _formula) {
var formula = _formula;
var bracketStack = new Array();
var formulaDescArray = [];
var formulaDescInForm = new StringSet();
for (var i = 0; i < _formulaInputs.length; i++) {
formulaDescInForm.add(_formulaInputs[i]);
}
/* Regex to check for unwanted symbols(! # # $ etc.) */
if (/[^\w\d\(\)\+\*\/\-\s]/.exec(formula) != null) {
return false;
}
for (var i = 0; i < _formula.length; i++) {
if ((_formula.charAt(i) == '/' || _formula.charAt(i) == '*'
|| _formula.charAt(i) == '-' || _formula.charAt(i) == '+')
&& (_formula.charAt(i + 1) == '/'
|| _formula.charAt(i + 1) == '*'
|| _formula.charAt(i + 1) == '-' || _formula
.charAt(i + 1) == '+')) {
return false;
}
}
var lastChar = formula.charAt(formula.length - 1);
if (lastChar == '/' || lastChar == '*' || lastChar == '-'
|| lastChar == '+') {
return false;
}
formulaDescArray = formula.split(/[\/\*\-\+\()]/g);
/* Remove unwanted "" */
for (var i = 0; i < formulaDescArray.length; i++) {
if (formulaDescArray[i].trim().length == 0) {
formulaDescArray.splice(i, 1);
i--;
}
}
/* Remove unwanted numbers */
for (var i = 0; i < formulaDescArray.length; i++) {
if (!isNaN(formulaDescArray[i])) {
formulaDescArray.splice(i, 1);
i--;
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < formulaDescArray.length; i++) {
if (!formulaDescInForm.contains(formulaDescArray[i].trim())) {
return false;
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < formula.length; i++) {
if (formula.charAt(i) == '(') {
bracketStack.push(formula.charAt(i));
} else if (formula.charAt(i) == ')') {
bracketStack.pop();
}
}
if (bracketStack.length != 0) {
return false;
}
return true;
}

How can I find if ALL of string2 letters are also contained within string1 somewhere?

I am trying to compare two strings to see if ALL of one of the string's input is also within another string, regardless of order.
So far I have the following code...
What am I doing wrong?
var str1= "rkqodlw"
var str2= "world"
StringScrambler(str1, str2);
function StringScrambler(str1, str2) {
var string1= str1.split("").sort();
console.log(string1);
var string2 = str2.split("").sort();
console.log(string2);
matches = [];
for (i=0; i< string1.length; i++) {
for (j=0; j<string2.length; i++) {
while (j === i) {
matches.push(j);
console.log(matches);
var matchSort = matches.sort();
console.log(matchSort);
if (matchSort === string2) {
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
}
}
}
All the answers this far work fine but they will not work for words with double letters in the second string but not in the first (for eg. 'worlld' - notice the double L). The trick is to affect the first word such that it removes the found character(s) so that the same letter is not checked again. Something like this would do the trick:
// Check if the second string's characters are
// found in the first string
function StringScrambler(str1, str2) {
var arr1 = str1.split(''),
arr2 = str2.split(''),
isATrueSubset = true,
indexOfChar;
arr2.forEach(function(char) {
indexOfChar = arr1.indexOf(char);
if (indexOfChar > -1) {
// Remove the character that was found
// to avoid matching against it again
arr1.splice(indexOfChar, 1);
} else {
isATrueSubset = false;
// No need to continue
return;
}
});
console.log(isATrueSubset);
return isATrueSubset;
}
StringScrambler('rkqodlw ', 'world '); // outputs true
StringScrambler('rkqodlw ', 'worlld '); // outputs false
var one = "dlrow";
var two = "world";
var allCharsFound = true;
one.split("").map(function(char) {
if (two.indexOf(char) < 0) {
allCharsFound = false;
}
});
console.log(allCharsFound);
var str1= "rkqodlw";
var str2= "world";
function test($str1, $str2) {
var string2 = str2.split("");
for(var i=0; i<string2.length; i++) {
if (str1.indexOf(string2[i]) == -1) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
You can use the following code to do this task:
alert (AllFirstInSecond("world", "rkqodlw"));
alert (AllFirstInSecond("worldz", "rkqodlw"));
function AllFirstInSecond(str1, str2) {
var pos = str1.length - 1;
while (pos >= 0) {
if (str2.indexOf(str1.substr(pos--,1)) == -1) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
It simply checks every single character in the first string to see if it's in the second. If not, it returns false.
Only once all have been found does it return true.
There are possibilities for optimisation (every character is checked even if it's a duplicate that's already been checked) but, unless your strings are particularly large, there's probably not much absolute gain to be had.
If str2 is always a subset of str1, then this answer can be used
Compute intersection of two arrays in JavaScript
var arr1 = "rkqodlw".split("");
var arr2 = "world".split("");
var commonValues = arr2.filter(function(value) {
return arr1.indexOf(value) > -1;
});
alert(commonValues.join(""))
This will compare each words of the second string in the first one and if its present it will be added in the mathes array.
var str1= "rkqodlw";
var str2= "world2";
StringScrambler(str1, str2);
function StringScrambler(str1, str2) {
var string2 = str2.split("").sort();
console.log(string2);
matches = [];
for (j=0; j<string2.length; j++) {
if(str1.indexOf(string2[j]) > -1){
matches.push(string2[j]);
console.log(string2[j]);
}
}
console.log(matches);
}
try this:
var str1= "rkqodlw"
var str2= "world"
StringScrambler(str1, str2);
function StringScrambler(str1, str2) {
var string1 = str1.split("").sort();
var string2 = str2.split("").sort();
matches = [];
for (i = 0; i < string1.length; i++) {
if (string2.indexOf(string1[i]) > -1) matches.push(string1[i]);
}
return matches
}

Javascript: Split a string by comma, except inside parentheses

Given string in the form:
'"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)'
How can I split it to get the below array format:
abc
ab()
c(d(),e())
f(g(),zyx)
h(123)
I have tried normal javascript split, however it doesn't work as desired. Trying Regular Expression but not yet successful.
You can keep track of the parentheses, and add those expressions when the left and right parens equalize.
For example-
function splitNoParen(s){
var left= 0, right= 0, A= [],
M= s.match(/([^()]+)|([()])/g), L= M.length, next, str= '';
for(var i= 0; i<L; i++){
next= M[i];
if(next=== '(')++left;
else if(next=== ')')++right;
if(left!== 0){
str+= next;
if(left=== right){
A[A.length-1]+=str;
left= right= 0;
str= '';
}
}
else A=A.concat(next.match(/([^,]+)/g));
}
return A;
}
var s1= '"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)';
splitNoParen(s1).join('\n');
/* returned value: (String)
"abc"
ab()
c(d(),e())
f(g(),zyx)
h(123)
*/
This might be not the best or more refined solution, and also maybe won't fit every single possibility, but based on your example it works:
var data = '"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)';
// Create a preResult splitting the commas.
var preResult = data.replace(/"/g, '').split(',');
// Create an empty result.
var result = [];
for (var i = 0; i < preResult.length; i++) {
// Check on every preResult if the number of parentheses match.
// Opening ones...
var opening = preResult[i].match(/\(/g) || 0;
// Closing ones...
var closing = preResult[i].match(/\)/g) || 0;
if (opening != 0 &&
closing != 0 &&
opening.length != closing.length) {
// If the current item contains a different number of opening
// and closing parentheses, merge it with the next adding a
// comma in between.
result.push(preResult[i] + ',' + preResult[i + 1]);
i++;
} else {
// Leave it as it is.
result.push(preResult[i]);
}
}
Demo
For future reference, here's another approach to top-level splitting, using string.replace as a control flow operator:
function psplit(s) {
var depth = 0, seg = 0, rv = [];
s.replace(/[^(),]*([)]*)([(]*)(,)?/g,
function (m, cls, opn, com, off, s) {
depth += opn.length - cls.length;
var newseg = off + m.length;
if (!depth && com) {
rv.push(s.substring(seg, newseg - 1));
seg = newseg;
}
return m;
});
rv.push(s.substring(seg));
return rv;
}
console.log(psplit('abc,ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)'))
["abc", "ab()", "c(d(),e())", "f(g(),zyx)", "h(123)"]
Getting it to handle quotes as well would not be too complicated, but at some point you need to decide to use a real parser such as jison, and I suspect that would be the point. In any event, there's not enough detail in the question to know what the desired handling of double quotes is.
You can't use .split for this, but instead you'll have to write a small parser like this:
function splitNoParen(s){
let results = [];
let next;
let str = '';
let left = 0, right = 0;
function keepResult() {
results.push(str);
str = '';
}
for(var i = 0; i<s.length; i++) {
switch(s[i]) {
case ',':
if((left === right)) {
keepResult();
left = right = 0;
} else {
str += s[i];
}
break;
case '(':
left++;
str += s[i];
break;
case ')':
right++;
str += s[i];
break;
default:
str += s[i];
}
}
keepResult();
return results;
}
var s1= '"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)';
console.log(splitNoParen(s1).join('\n'));
var s2='cats,(my-foo)-bar,baz';
console.log(splitNoParen(s2).join('\n'));
Had a similar issue and existing solutions were hard to generalize. So here's another parser that's a bit more readable and easier to extend to your personal needs. It'll also work with curly braces, brackets, normal braces, and strings of any type. License is MIT.
/**
* This function takes an input string and splits it by the given token, but only if the token is not inside
* braces of any kind, or a string.
* #param {string} input The string to split.
* #param {string} split_by Must be a single character.
* #returns {string[]} An array of split parts without the split_by character.
*/
export function parse_split(input:string, split_by:string = ",") : string[]
{
// Javascript has 3 types of strings
const STRING_TYPES = ["'","`","\""] as const;
// Some symbols can be nested, like braces, and must be counted
const state = {"{":0,"[":0,"(":0};
// Some cannot be nested, like a string, and just flip a flag.
// Additionally, once the string flag has been flipped, it can only be unflipped
// by the same token.
let string_state : (typeof STRING_TYPES)[number] | undefined = undefined
// Nestable symbols come in sets, usually in pairs.
// These sets increase or decrease the state, depending on the symbol.
const pairs : Record<string,[keyof typeof state,number]> = {
"{":["{",1],
"}":["{",-1],
"[":["[",1],
"]":["[",-1],
"(":["(",1],
")":["(",-1]
}
let start = 0;
let results = [];
let length = input.length;
for(let i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
let char = input[i];
// Backslash escapes the next character. We directly skip 2 characters by incrementing i one extra time.
if(char === "\\")
{
i++;
continue;
}
// If the symbol exists in the single/not nested state object, flip the corresponding state flag.
if(char == string_state)
{
string_state = undefined;
console.log("Closed string ", string_state);
}
// if it's not in a string, but it's a string opener, remember the string type in string_state.
else if(string_state === undefined && STRING_TYPES.includes(char as typeof STRING_TYPES[number]))
{
string_state = char as typeof STRING_TYPES[number];
}
// If it's not in a string, and if it's a paired symbol, increase or decrease the state based on our "pairs" constant.
else if(string_state === undefined && (char in pairs) )
{
let [key,value] = pairs[char];
state[key] += value;
}
// If it's our split symbol...
else if(char === split_by)
{
// ... check whether any flags are active ...
if(Object.entries(state).every(([k,v])=>v == 0) && (string_state === undefined))
{
// ... if not, then this is a valid split.
results.push(input.substring(start,i))
start = i+1;
}
}
}
// Add the last segment if the string didn't end in the split_by symbol, otherwise add an empty string
if(start < input.length)
{
results.push(input.substring(start,input.length))
}
else
results.push("");
return results;
}
With this regex, it makes the job:
const regex = /,(?![^(]*\))/g;
const str = '"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)';
const result = str.split(regex);
console.log(result);
Javascript
var str='"abc",ab(),c(d(),e()),f(g(),zyx),h(123)'
str.split('"').toString().split(',').filter(Boolean);
this should work

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