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React Router - never rendered directly

in my react app routing is not working and it throws an error in the console. in my index file
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
<React.StrictMode>
<Router>
<Route path="/" element={<App />} />
</Router>
</React.StrictMode>
and in my App.js
import { Route, Routes, useHistory } from 'react-router-dom';
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
{/* <DataProvder> */}
<Sidebar />
<Routes>
<Route path='/' element={<Home />} />
<Route path='/students' element={<Students />} />
<Route path='/schools' element={<Schools />} />
<Route path='/campus' element={<Campus />} />
<Route path='/placement' element={<Placement />} />
<Route path='/courses' element={<Courses />} />
<Route path='/staff' element={<Staff />} />
</Routes>
{/* </DataProvder> */}
</div>
);
}
export default App;
When running this there is nothing to display, but in the console it throws this error:
Uncaught Error: A <Route> is only ever to be used as the child of <Routes> element, never rendered directly. Please wrap your <Route> in a <Routes>.
What am I doing wrong here?

The <Route> in index.js needs wrapping with <Routes>

All Route components must be rendered by either a Routes component or another Route component in the case of nesting routes.
The Route in the index.js file is wrapped and rendered by the Router which is invalid. To resolve wrap it in a Routes component.
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
<React.StrictMode>
<Router>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<App />}/>
</Routes>
</Router>
</React.StrictMode>
Or just render App directly since it handles rendering Home on path "/" for you.
import { BrowserRouter as Router } from 'react-router-dom';
<React.StrictMode>
<Router>
<App />
</Router>
</React.StrictMode>

Router, Rout and Switch not working in my React website?

I am trying to create a website with React, but my code is not working and i dont understand why..
I have this code in index.js, because I want my header to always be there.
const element = <h1>Header</h1>; ReactDOM.render(element, document.getElementById('root'));
I have created a few components, and I have this code in my App.js
import React, {Component} from 'react';
import {BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch, Link, BrowserRouter} from 'react-router-dom';
import {Home} from './Components/Home';
import {About} from './Components/About';
import {Contact} from './Components/Contact';
import {Resume} from './Components/Resume';
import {Photos} from './Components/Photos';
import {NoMatch} from './Components/NoMatch';
class App extends Component {
render(){
return(
<React.Fragment> <Router> <switch>
<Route path="/" exact component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
<Route path="/resume" component={Resume} />
<Route path="/photos" component={Photos} />
<Route component={NoMatch} />
</switch>
</Router>
</React.Fragment>
);
}
}
And all my components looks like this now, just temporarly:
import React from 'react'
export const About = () => (
<div>
<h2>About</h2>
</div>
)
The problem is that i only see "Header" on all pages, and when i change the path to localhost../About, it does not show anything else but "Header".
Why is not my code working and the code in my components showing in the different paths?
I've used the npm create-react-app and uses visualstudiocode. Thank you for the help, much appreciated :)
Btw, im following a tutorial and it is working for him but not me for some reason...

The Switch needs to be with a capital letter 'S'
<Router>
<Switch>
<Route path="/" exact component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
<Route path="/resume" component={Resume} />
<Route path="/photos" component={Photos} />
<Route component={NoMatch} />
</Switch>
</Router>

Shouldn’t ‘switch’ be with a capital letter ( Switch )?

Is <switch> with lower case on purpose? It should be <Switch>
Anyway, I would like to see your code in a code sandbox if it's not the problem

Using react routes for routing in a react application

I am trying to setup the routes for a simple react application and react-router doesn't seem to match the given routes in the switch defaults the 404 page
Here is the code for the routes:
import {
BrowserRouter as Router,
Route,
Switch,
HashRouter
} from "react-router-dom";
window.React = React;
render(
<Router>
<Switch>
<HashRouter>
<Route exact path="/" component={App} />
<Route path="list-days" component={App} />
<Route path="add-day" component={AddDayForm} />
<Route component={Whoops404} />
</HashRouter>
</Switch>
</Router>,
document.getElementById("root")
);
And here is the code for the links to those routes:
import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
import { IoIosHome as Home } from "react-icons/io";
import { FaCalendarPlus } from "react-icons/fa";
import { FaTable } from "react-icons/fa";
export const Menu = () => (
<nav className="Menu">
<Link to="/" activeclassname="selected">
<Home />
</Link>
<Link to="/add-day" activeclassname="selected">
<FaCalendarPlus />
</Link>
<Link to="/list-days" activeclassname="selected">
<FaTable />
</Link>
</nav>
When you click anything but the home link the 404 page is displayed.

You use 'links' as HTML structure and have this not inherited in import from "react-router-dom";
Per seeing the documentation of react this all is provided with this import statement.
import React from "react";
import {
BrowserRouter as Router,
Switch,
Route,
Link,
HashRouter
} from "react-router-dom";

Add a / to your Routes' path.
<Route path="/list-days" component={App} />

The problem is, you have defined your Route like
<Route path="list-days" component={App} />
and you are accessing those links as
<Link to="/list-days" activeclassname="selected"></Link>
You can see the difference that your are adding a front slash when accessing through Link. Just put a front slash on Route like this:
<Route path="/list-days" component={App} />
will solve the issue.
Thanks.

Probably because you are using hash router.
try this:
return (
<HashRouter>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="#/" component={App} />
<Route path="#/list-days" component={App} />
<Route path="#/add-day" component={AddDayForm} />
<Route component={Whoops404} />
<Switch>
</HashRouter>
)
or why not just switch to browserRouter so you wouldn't need those hashes on your url?

Try to remove HashRouter and edit your route to be like this
<Router>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={App} />
<Route exact path="/list-days" component={App} />
<Route exact path="/add-day" component={AddDayForm} />
<Route exact path="*" component={Whoops404} />
</Switch>
</Router>

404 page in REACT

I created the component NotFound and it works fine when I go to a page that doesn't exist. But the same page it's appearing in all my pages, not only the one that doesn't exist. This is the component:
import React from 'react'
const NotFound = () =>
<div>
<h3>404 page not found</h3>
<p>We are sorry but the page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
</div>
export default NotFound
And this is how I used it in the main page:
class MainSite extends Component {
render () {
return (
<div>
{/* Render nav */}
<Route path='/dashboard' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/retrospectives' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/users' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/projects' component={Nav} />
{/* Dashboard page */}
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/dashboard' component={DashboardPage} />
{/* Retrospectives page */}
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/retrospectives' component={RetrospectivesPage} />
{/* Users page */}
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/users' component={UsersPage} />
{/* Projects page */}
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/projects' component={ProjectsPage} />
{/* Retrospective related pages */}
<Route exact path='/retrospectives/:retrospectiveId' component={Retrospective} />
<Route exact path='/join-retrospective' component={JoinRetrospective} />
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/create-retrospective/:retrospectiveId' component={Retrospective} />
{/* OnBoarding pages */}
<ProtectedRoute exact path='/beta-code' component={BetaCodeAccess} />
<Route exact path='/auth-handler' component={AuthHandler} />
<Route exact path='/join-organization' component={JoinOrganization} />
</div>
)
}
}
export default MainSite
As you can see I use <Route path="*" component={NotFound} /> to create the 404 pages, but that component is appearing in every existing page as well. How can I fix this?

Try this one:
import { Switch, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
<Switch>
<Route path='/dashboard' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/retrospectives' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/users' component={Nav} />
<Route path='/projects' component={Nav} />
<Route path="" component={NotFound} />
</Switch>

All below example works fine:
<Route path="" component={NotFound} /> // empty ""
<Route path="*" component={NotFound} /> // star *
<Route component={NotFound} /> // without path
Or if you want to return a simple 404 message without any component:
<Route component={() => (<div>404 Not found </div>)} />

For those who are looking for an answer using react-router-dom v6, many things had changed. Switch for example doesn't exists anymore, you have to use element instead of component, ... Check this little example to get you an idea:
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom'
import './index.css'
import App from './App'
const Test = () => (
<h1>404</h1>
)
ReactDOM.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<Router>
<Routes>
<Route path='/' element={<App />} />
<Route path='*' element={<Test />}/>
</Routes>
</Router>
</React.StrictMode>,
document.getElementById('root')
)
With this you are defining your home route and all the other routes will show 404. Check the official guide for more info.

Try This:
import React from "react";
import { Redirect, Route, Switch, BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import HomePage from './pages/HomePage.jsx';
import NotFoundPage from './NotFoundPage.jsx';
class App extends React.Component {
render(){
return(
<BrowserRouter>
<Switch>
<Route exact path='/' component={HomePage} />
<Route path="*" component={NotFoundPage} />
</Switch>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
}
export default App;
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.6.3/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.6.3/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>

Simply import Switch from react-router-dom and wrap all your Routes in the Switch Component. Also Important here is to note to keep your 404Page component at the very bottom(just before your switch ending tag) This way it will match each component with its route first. If it matches, it will render the component or else check the next one. Ultimately if none matching routes will be founded, it will render 404Page

react router is a headache for new coders. Use this code format. This is class component but you can make a functional component and use it.
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from "react-router-dom";
import HomePage from './pages/HomePage.jsx';
import NotFoundPage from './NotFoundPage.jsx';
import Footer from './Footer';
class App extends React.Component {
render(){
return(
<Router>
<Routes>
<Route exact path='/' element={HomePage} />
<Route path="*" element={NotFoundPage} />
</Routes>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={Footer}/>
</Routes>
</Router>
)
}
}
export default App;

React router global header

I just started learning React, I'm trying to make a SPA blog, which has a global positioned fixed header.
import React from 'react';
import { render } from 'react-dom';
// import other components here
render((
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/About" component={About} />
<Route path="/Contact" component={Contact} />
<Route path="*" component={Error} />
</Router>
), document.getElementById('app'));
So, each routes has the same header and from my angular background, I would use header outside ui-view.
Its a good practice to import the header component in each individual page component, or can I add the header component on my <Router><myHeader/><otherRoutes/></Router>?
Update:
I was thinking to use something like this:
Routes component, where I define my routes:
class Routes extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<IndexRoute component={Home} />
<Route path="/studio" component={Studio} />
<Route path="/work" component={Work} />
<Route path="*" component={Home} />
</Router>
)
}
}
And then on main Index.js file I would like to render something like:
import Routes from './components/Routes';
render((
<div>
<div className="header">header</div>
<Routes />
</div>
), document.getElementById('app'));
Can someone explain me? Thanks!

From my experience it can be good to define a layout component for your page, something like...
Layout Component
render() {
return(
<div>
<Header />
{ this.props.children }
/* anything else you want to appear on every page that uses this layout */
<Footer />
</div>
);
}
You then import layout into each of your page components...
Contact Page Component
render() {
return (
<Layout>
<ContactComponent />
/* put all you want on this page within the layout component */
</Layout>
);
}
And you can leave your routing the same, your route will render the contact page and in turn will render your header.
This way you get control of repetitive stuff that will be on multiple pages, if you need one or two slightly different pages you can just create another layout and use that.

I find this way useful:
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import Header from "./components/Header";
import Home from "./components/Home";
import Dashboard from "./components/Dashboard";
import Footer from "./components/Footer";
class App extends Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
stuff: stuff;
};
}
render() {
let { stuff } = this.state;
return (
<Router> //wrapper for your router, given alias from BrowserRouter
<div className="App">
<Header /> //this component will always be visible because it is outside of a specific Route
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}/> //at the root path, show this component
<Route path="/dashboard" component={()=><Dashboard stuff={stuff} />}/> //at the path '/dashboard', show this other component
<Footer /> //this is also permanently mounted
</div>
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
credit goes to: David Kerr

The question is already answered but I'm here to show another approach and say why I prefer that.
I also think that it's a good thing to have a Layout component
function Layout (props) {
return (
<div>
<Header/>
<div className="content">
{props.children}
</div>
</div>
);
}
But instead of render it into each route component you can render it just once as a parent for your routes.
return (
<Router>
<Layout>
<Switch>
<Route path="/about">
<About/>
</Route>
<Route path="/contact">
<Contact/>
</Route>
<Route path="/">
<Home/>
</Route>
</Switch>
</Layout>
</Router>
);
This is good because in most cases you will not waste time with the layout and if you have different layouts you only need to work inside the Layout component.

For forcefully refresh Header inside routing. use forceRefresh={true}
const Routing = () => {
return(
<BrowserRouter forceRefresh={true}>
<Header/>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}/>
<Route path="/list/:id" component={ListingApi}/>
<Route path="/details/:id" component={HotelDetails}/>
<Route path="/booking/:hotel_name" component={PlaceBooking}/>
<Route path="/viewBooking" component={ViewBooking}/>
<Route exact path="/login" component={LoginComponent}/>
<Route path="/signup" component={RegisterComponent}/>
</Switch>
<Footer/>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}

I've another solution that is make the routing like this
const Routing = () => {
return(
<BrowserRouter forceRefresh={true}>
<Header/>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}/>
<Route path="/list/:id" component={ListingApi}/>
<Route path="/details/:id" component={HotelDetails}/>
<Route path="/booking/:hotel_name" component={PlaceBooking}/>
<Route path="/viewBooking" component={ViewBooking}/>
<Route exact path="/login" component={LoginComponent}/>
<Route path="/signup" component={RegisterComponent}/>
</Switch>
<Footer/>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
and in the header file edit as this
import React, {useLocation} from "react";
const header = () => {
const location = useLocation();
return(
<div className={location.pathname === 'login' ? 'd-none': 'd-block'}>
abc
</div>
)
}
export default header;
this will hide the header panel in login page.