How do I leave a trail behind my shapes in canvas? - javascript

Right now I have shapes that are created when the user spins the mouse wheel and they slowly fade away after a certain amount of time. How would I generate a trail behind each shape that follows it and also slowly disappears? Here's the code:
var canvas;
var context;
var triangles = [];
var timer;
function init() {
canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
context = canvas.getContext("2d");
resizeCanvas();
window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas, false);
window.addEventListener('orientationchange', resizeCanvas, false);
canvas.onwheel = function(event) {
handleClick(event.clientX, event.clientY);
};
var timer = setInterval(resizeCanvas, 30);
}
function Triangle(x, y, triangleColor) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.triangleColor = triangleColor;
this.vx = Math.random() * 30 - 15;
this.vy = Math.random() * 30 - 15;
this.time = 100;
}
function handleClick(x, y) {
var colors = [
[0, 170, 255],
[230, 180, 125],
[50, 205, 130]
];
var triangleColor = colors[Math.floor(Math.random() * colors.length)];
triangles.push(new Triangle(x, y, triangleColor));
for (var i = 0; i < triangles.length; i++) {
drawTriangle(triangles[i]);
}
}
function drawTriangle(triangle) {
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(triangle.x, triangle.y);
context.lineTo(triangle.x + 25, triangle.y + 25);
context.lineTo(triangle.x + 25, triangle.y - 25);
var c = triangle.triangleColor
context.fillStyle = 'rgba(' + c[0] + ', ' + c[1] + ', ' + c[2] + ', ' + (triangle.time / 100) + ')';
context.fill();
}
function resizeCanvas() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth - 20;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 20;
fillBackgroundColor();
for (var i = 0; i < triangles.length; i++) {
var t = triangles[i];
drawTriangle(t);
if (t.x + t.vx > canvas.width || t.x + t.vx < 0)
t.vx = -t.vx
if (t.y + t.vy > canvas.height || t.y + t.vy < 0)
t.vy = -t.vy
if (t.time === 0) {
triangles.splice(i, 1);
}
t.time -= 1;
t.x += t.vx;
t.y += t.vy;
}
}
function fillBackgroundColor() {
context.fillStyle = "black";
context.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
init()
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="500"></canvas>

Well, it's Sunday. Here's a way of doing it that works:
Add an empty array and opacity property to triangle object properties in the constructor, calling them, say, trails and alpha respectively.
Define the maximum number of ghost triangles you want in the trail. I found 3 a good value:
var MAX_GHOSTS = 3;
Make the triangle drawing function take an alpha channel value as its second parameter and remove opacity calculation from within the function itself:
function drawTriangle(triangle, alpha) { // two parameters required }
Where triangles are currently drawn in the timer callback (within the loop), calculate and update the triangle's alpha value used in the call to drawTriangle. Push a copy of selected triangle properties onto the triangle's trails array: copying freezes the x,y position. Not pushing every timer call spaces the ghost images further apart:
if( t.time%2 == 0) {
t.trails.push(
{ x: t.x, y: t.y, alpha: t.alpha, triangleColor: t.triangleColor}
);
}
Also in the timer call back, before the existing drawing loop, add a new double nested loop structure where
the outer loop retrieves the trails array of each entry in the triangles array. If the trails array length is more than MAX_GHOST, remove its first element (using splice).
the inner loop, using say j as the index, gets the next elements from the trails array, calling it crumb for example. Calculate an alpha value to make it fade quickly and draw it:
drawTriangle( crumb, (j+1)/(MAX_GHOSTS + 2) * crumb.alpha);
Hope you enjoy!

Related

Canvas Transparency creating perminant after-image

I am trying to achieve a tracing effect where the lines have a faded trail. The way I am trying to do it is simply by drawing the solid background once, and then on further frames draw a transparent background before drawing the new lines, so that you can still see a little of the image before it.
The issue is that I do want the lines to fade out completely after some time, but they seem to leave a permanent after image, even after drawing over them repeatedly.
I've tried setting different globalCompositeOperation(s) and it seemed like I was barking up the wrong tree there.
This code is called once
//initiate trace bg
traceBuffer.getContext("2d").fillStyle = "rgba(0, 30, 50, 1)";
traceBuffer.getContext("2d").fillRect(0, 0, traceBuffer.width, traceBuffer.height);
then inside the setInterval function it calls
//draw transparent background
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 30, 50, 0.04)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
//set drawing settings
ctx.strokeStyle = "#AAAAAA";
ctx.lineWidth = 4;
for (let i = 0; i < tracer.layer2.length; i++){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(newX, newY);
ctx.lineTo(oldX, oldY);
ctx.stroke();
}
Here's an example: https://i.imgur.com/QTkeIVf.png
On the left is what I am currently getting, and on the right is the edit of what I actually want to happen.
This is how I would do it. I would build a history of the particles moving on the track. The older the position the smaller the value of the alpha value for the fill. Also for a nicer effect I would reduce the size of the circle.
I hope this is what you need.
PS: I would have loved to have your curve. Since I don't have it I've drawn a different one.
const hypotrochoid = document.getElementById("hypotrochoid");
const ctx = hypotrochoid.getContext("2d");
const cw = (hypotrochoid.width = 300);
const ch = (hypotrochoid.height = 300);
const cx = cw / 2,
cy = ch / 2;
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = "#d9d9d9";
// variables for the hypotrochoid
let a = 90;
let b = 15;
let h = 50;
// an array where to save the points used to draw the track
let track = [];
//add points to the track array. This will be used to draw the track for the particles
for (var t = 0; t < 2 * Math.PI; t += 0.01) {
let o = {};
o.x = cx + (a - b) * Math.cos(t) + h * Math.cos((a - b) / b * t);
o.y = cy + (a - b) * Math.sin(t) - h * Math.sin((a - b) / b * t);
track.push(o);
}
// a function to draw the track
function drawTrack(ry) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(ry[0].x, ry[0].y);
for (let t = 1; t < ry.length; t++) {
ctx.lineTo(ry[t].x, ry[t].y);
}
ctx.closePath();
ctx.stroke();
}
// a class of points that are moving on the track
class Point {
constructor(pos) {
this.pos = pos;
this.r = 3;//the radius of the circle
this.history = [];
this.historyLength = 40;
}
update(newPos) {
let old_pos = {};
old_pos.x = this.pos.x;
old_pos.y = this.pos.y;
//save the old position in the history array
this.history.push(old_pos);
//if the length of the track is longer than the max length allowed remove the extra elements
if (this.history.length > this.historyLength) {
this.history.shift();
}
//gry the new position on the track
this.pos = newPos;
}
draw() {
for (let i = 0; i < this.history.length; i++) {
//calculate the alpha value for every element on the history array
let alp = i * 1 / this.history.length;
// set the fill style
ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(0,0,0,${alp})`;
//draw an arc
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(
this.history[i].x,
this.history[i].y,
this.r * alp,
0,
2 * Math.PI
);
ctx.fill();
}
}
}
// 2 points on the track
let p = new Point(track[0]);
let p1 = new Point(track[~~(track.length / 2)]);
let frames = 0;
let n, n1;
function Draw() {
requestAnimationFrame(Draw);
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, cw, ch);
//indexes for the track position
n = frames % track.length;
n1 = (~~(track.length / 2) + frames) % track.length;
//draw the track
drawTrack(track);
// update and draw the first point
p.update(track[n]);
p.draw();
// update and draw the second point
p1.update(track[n1]);
p1.draw();
//increase the frames counter
frames++;
}
Draw();
canvas{border:1px solid}
<canvas id="hypotrochoid"></canvas>

Canvas shape click removes more than one shape

I'm attempting to detect a canvas click and if the click coordinates match a shape. It works fine, the problem is that when the shapes overlap on the canvas (one shape might be smaller than the other) then both shapes are removed. Is there a way to avoid this and only remove one at a time?
addShape() {
const randomNum = (min, max) => Math.round(Math.random() * (max - min) + min),
randomRad = randomNum(10, 100),
randomX = randomNum(randomRad, this.canvas.width - randomRad);
let shape = new Shape(randomX, randomNum, randomRad);
shape.drawShape();
this.shapes.push(shape);
}
canvasClick() {
if(!this.paused) {
const canvasRect = event.target.getBoundingClientRect(),
clickedX = event.clientX - canvasRect.left,
clickedY = event.clientY - canvasRect.top;
for (let i = 0; i < this.shapes.length; i++) {
if(Math.pow(clickedX - this.shapes[i].x, 2) + Math.pow(clickedY - this.shapes[i].y, 2)
< Math.pow(this.shapes[i].rad,2)) {
this.shapes.splice(i, 1);
}
}
}
}
Thanks in advance for the help!
If I have understood what you what, the solution is pretty simple. Just break the loop after you remove one shape. Something like this:
for (let i = 0; i < this.shapes.length; i++) {
if (
Math.pow(clickedX - this.shapes[i].x, 2)
+ Math.pow(clickedY - this.shapes[i].y, 2)
< Math.pow(this.shapes[i].rad, 2)
) {
this.shapes.splice(i, 1);
break; // <--
}
}
You might also what to store the z position of shapes so that you can first sort them in the terms of z and then run this loop so that you don't remove shape below the clicked shape.
This is how I would do it. Please read the comments in the code. I am using the ctx.isPointInPath method but you may use the formula if you prefer.
The main idea is to exit the loop after finding and deleting the first circle.
I hope it helps.
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = 300;
canvas.height = 300;
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,.5)";
// the array of the circles
let circles = []
class Circle{
constructor(){
this.x = ~~(Math.random() * canvas.width);
this.y = ~~(Math.random() * canvas.height);
this.r = ~~(Math.random() * (40 - 10 + 1) + 10);
this.draw();
}
draw(){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x,this.y, this.r, 0,2*Math.PI)
}
}
// create 20 circles
for(i=0;i<20;i++){
let c = new Circle();
ctx.fill()
circles.push(c)
}
canvas.addEventListener("click",(e)=>{
// detect the position of the mouse
let m = oMousePos(canvas, e)
for(let i=0;i<circles.length;i++){
// draw a circle but do not fill
circles[i].draw();
// check if the point is in path
if(ctx.isPointInPath(m.x,m.y)){
//remove the circle from the array
circles.splice(i, 1);
// clear the context
ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height)
// redraw all the circles from the array
for(let j=0;j<circles.length;j++){
circles[j].draw();
ctx.fill()
}
//exit the loop
return;
}
}
})
// a function to detect the mouse position
function oMousePos(canvas, evt) {
var ClientRect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return { //objeto
x: Math.round(evt.clientX - ClientRect.left),
y: Math.round(evt.clientY - ClientRect.top)
}
}
canvas{border:1px solid}
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>

Canvas code not updating and I'm not sure why

I'm trying to make a simple canvas program where the user clicks to create bouncing moving circles. It keeps freezing but still creates the circles without updating. I'm not sure whats going on, please help!
I'm adding each circle to an array of circles with the constructor
The setInterval loop seems to be freezing but the circles are still created even when this is happening
I'm having a hard time debugging this, any advice is greatly appreciated
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Background Test</title>
<style>
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: hidden; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
// Request animation frame -> Optimizes animation speed
const requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.msRequestAnimationFrame;
const c = document.getElementById('canvas');
const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
// Fullscreen
c.width = window.innerWidth;
c.height = window.innerHeight;
ctx.fillStyle = 'red';
let fps = 60;
// FOR MOBILE DEVICES
if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent))
fps = 29;
// Options
const background = '#333';
const circleMinSpeed = 3;
const circleMaxSpeed = 6;
const circleMinSize = 3;
const circleMaxSize = 10;
const circles = [];
let circlesCounter = 0;
const circlesTimeAlive = 20 * fps; // seconds
let i = 0;
const interval = 1000 / fps;
let now, delta;
let then = Date.now();
// Coordinate variables
let mouseX, mouseY, clickX, clickY;
// Tracks mouse movement
c.onmousemove = function(event)
{
mouseX = event.clientX;
mouseY = event.clientY;
};
// Tracks mouse click
c.onmousedown = function(event)
{
clickX = event.clientX;
clickY = event.clientY;
circle(clickX, clickY);
};
function draw()
{
// Loop
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
// Set NOW and DELTA
now = Date.now();
delta = now - then;
// New frame
if (delta > interval) {
// Update THEN
then = now - (delta % interval);
// Our animation
// Clear canvas then draw
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
drawBackground();
drawCos();
drawCircles();
drawTest();
}
}
// Circle constructor
function circle(x, y)
{
// Pick random color
let r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
let g = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
let b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
self.color = 'rgb(' + r + ', ' + g + ', ' + b + ')';
self.xCo = x;
self.yCo = y;
// Pick random size within ranges
self.size = circleMinSize + Math.floor(Math.random() *
(circleMaxSize - circleMinSize));
// Pick random direction & speed (spdX spdY)
self.speed = circleMinSpeed + Math.floor(Math.random() *
(circleMaxSpeed - circleMinSpeed));
self.spdX = self.speed * (Math.random() * 2) - 1; // picks -1 to 1
self.spdY = self.speed * (Math.random() * 2) - 1;
self.draw = function()
{
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(self.xCo, self.yCo, self.size, 0, 2*Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = self.color;
ctx.fill();
};
circles[circlesCounter++] = self;
}
// Draw the background
function drawBackground()
{
ctx.fillStyle = background;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
}
function drawCircles()
{
for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++)
circles[i].draw();
}
function drawTest()
{
ctx.fillStyle = 'red';
ctx.fillRect(i++, i, 5, 5);
}
function drawCos()
{
ctx.fillStyle = 'white';
ctx.fillText("X: " + mouseX + " Y:" + mouseY, 10, 10, 200);
}
// Main loop
setInterval(function()
{
// Loop through circles and move them
for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++)
{
if (circle[i])
{
// Check left and right bounce
if (circle[i].xCo <= 0 || circle[i].xCo >= c.width)
circle[i].spdX = -circle[i].spdX;
circle[i].xCo += circle[i].spdX;
// Check left and right bounce
if (circle[i].yCo <= 0 || circle[i].yCo >= c.height)
circle[i].spdY = -circle[i].spdY;
circle[i].yCo += circle[i].spdY;
}
}
// Draw Everything
draw();
}, interval);
</script>
</body>
</html>
This code:
self.draw = function()
{
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(self.xCo, self.yCo, self.size, 0, 2*Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = self.color;
ctx.fill();
};
Is overriding this function:
function draw()
{
// Loop
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
// Set NOW and DELTA
now = Date.now();
delta = now - then;
// New frame
if (delta > interval) {
// Update THEN
then = now - (delta % interval);
// Our animation
// Clear canvas then draw
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
drawBackground();
drawCos();
drawCircles();
drawTest();
}
}
You need to rethink how you want to draw your circles because you're re-drawing the black canvas every time a click event is triggered. I mean, when a click is triggered, you're applying new coordinates, color, Etc, and probably that's not what you want to do.
My suggestion is create canvas per circle and append them into a DIV.
Hope it helps!

How to draw canvas trailing line with opacity

I'm attempting to draw the rotating line in this canvas animation with trailing opacity but it's not working. I've seen this effect with rectangles and arcs but never with a line, so I'm not sure what I need to add.
function radians(degrees) {
return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
}
var timer = 0;
function sonar() {
var canvas = document.getElementById('sonar');
if (canvas) {
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var cx = innerWidth / 2,
cy = innerHeight / 2;
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
//ctx.clearRect(0, 0, innerWidth, innerHeight);
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, innerWidth, innerHeight);
var radii = [cy, cy - 30, innerHeight / 3.33, innerHeight / 6.67];
for (var a = 0; a < 4; a++) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(cx, cy, radii[a], radians(0), radians(360), false);
ctx.strokeStyle = 'limegreen';
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
}
// draw grid lines
for (var i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
var x = cx + cy * Math.cos(radians(i * 30));
var y = cy + cy * Math.sin(radians(i * 30));
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
ctx.lineTo(x, y);
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(50, 205, 50, 0.45)';
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
}
if (timer <= 360) {
timer++;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillstyle = 'limegreen';
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
ctx.lineTo(cx + cy * Math.cos(radians(timer)), cy + cy * Math.sin(radians(timer)));
ctx.strokeStyle = 'limegreen';
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
} else {
timer = 0;
}
requestAnimationFrame(sonar);
}
}
sonar();
jsbin example
Here are two ways to do this: with a gradient and by adding translucent lines.
Sidenote, you should try and only redraw what you need to redraw. I separated the canvases and put one on top of the other so that we don't redraw the grid all the time.
function radians(degrees) {
return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
}
var timer = 0;
function trail() {
var canvas = document.getElementById('trail');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, innerWidth, innerHeight);
var cx = innerWidth / 2,
cy = innerHeight / 2;
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
if (timer <= 360) {
timer++;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillstyle = 'limegreen';
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
ctx.arc(cx,cy,cy,radians(timer-30),radians(timer));
ctx.lineTo(cx + cy * Math.cos(radians(timer)), cy + cy * Math.sin(radians(timer)));
var gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(
cx+cy*Math.cos(radians(timer)), cy+cy*Math.sin(radians(timer)),
cx+cy*0.9*Math.cos(radians(timer-30)), cy+cy*0.9*Math.sin(radians(timer-30)));
gradient.addColorStop(0,'limegreen');
gradient.addColorStop(1,'transparent');
ctx.strokeStyle='transparent';
ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
ctx.fill();
ctx.beginPath();
var fade = 10;
for(var i =0;i<fade;i++)
{
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
ctx.lineTo(cx+cy*Math.cos(radians(180+timer-i*1.3)),cy+cy*Math.sin(radians(180+timer-i*1.3)));
ctx.strokeStyle ="rgba(50,205,50,0.1)";
ctx.lineWidth=5;
ctx.closePath();
ctx.stroke();
}
} else {
timer = 0;
}
requestAnimationFrame(trail);
}
function sonar() {
var canvas = document.getElementById('sonar');
if (canvas) {
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var cx = innerWidth / 2,
cy = innerHeight / 2;
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
//ctx.clearRect(0, 0, innerWidth, innerHeight);
var radii = [cy, cy - 30, innerHeight / 3.33, innerHeight / 6.67];
for (var a = 0; a < 4; a++) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(cx, cy, radii[a], radians(0), radians(360), false);
ctx.strokeStyle = 'limegreen';
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
}
// draw grid lines
for (var i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
var x = cx + cy * Math.cos(radians(i * 30));
var y = cy + cy * Math.sin(radians(i * 30));
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
ctx.lineTo(x, y);
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(50, 205, 50, 0.45)';
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
}
}
}
sonar();
trail();
canvas{
position: absolute;
}
<canvas id=sonar></canvas>
<canvas id=trail></canvas>
The problem is that to get this effect, you need to draw a triangle with a gradient along an arc, and you can't do that in a canvas. Gradients must be linear or radial.
The other option is to have an inner loop run each time you want to draw the sweeper, and go backwards from your sweeper line, drawing with slightly less opacity each time. But lets say you want your sweep to cover 15 degrees--obviously, if you have a 100% opacity line at d and a 5% opacity line at d - 15, that doesn't do the trick. So start filling in more lines, and more lines...you will have to draw so many lines to make it seem filled your performance would probably suffer.
My suggestion--you shouldn't have to redraw that on every frame. I would just make a PNG that looks like you want it to, and then place it and just rotate it around the center on each frame. No need to redraw it all the time then. That will be much faster than drawing a bunch of lines.
Canvas stack trails.
Below is a quick demo of how to use a stack of canvases to create a trailing effect.
You have a normal on screen canvas (this FX will not effect it) and then a stack of canvases for the trail FX. Each frame you move to the next canvas in the stack, first slightly clearing it then drawing to it what you want to trail. Then you render that canvas and the one just above it to the canvas.
A point to keep in mind is that the trails can also have a hugh range of FX, like blurring (just render each frame stack on itself slightly offset each time you render to it), zoom in and out trails. Trails on top or trails under. You can change the trail distance and much more.
It is overkill but over kill is fun.
The slider above the demo controls the trail length. Also the code need babel because I dont have time to write it for ES5.
Top slider is trail amount.One under that is trail distance. Trail dist does not transition well. Sorry about that.
//==============================================================================
// helper function
function $(query,q1){
if(q1 !== undefined){
if(typeof query === "string"){
var e = document.createElement(query);
if(typeof q1 !== "string"){
for(var i in q1){
e[i] = q1[i];
}
}else{
e.id = q1;
}
return e;
}
return [...query.querySelectorAll(q1)];
}
return [...document.querySelectorAll(query)];
}
function $$(element,e1){
if(e1 !== undefined){
if(typeof element === "string"){
$(element)[0].appendChild(e1);
return e1;
}
element.appendChild(e1);
return e1;
}
document.body.appendChild(element);
return element;
}
function $E(element,types,listener){
if(typeof types === "string"){
types = types.split(",");
}
element = $(element)[0];
types.forEach(t=>{
element.addEventListener(t,listener)
});
return element;
}
function R(I){
if(I === undefined){
return Math.random();
}
return Math.floor(Math.random()*I);
}
//==============================================================================
//==============================================================================
// answer code
// canvas size
const size = 512;
const trailDist = 10; // There is this many canvases so be careful
var trailDistCurrent = 10; // distance between trails
var clearAll = false;
// create a range slider for trail fade
$$($("input",{type:"range",width : size, min:0, max:100, step:0.1, value:50, id:"trail-amount",title:"Trail amount"}));
$("#trail-amount")[0].style.width = size + "px";
$E("#trail-amount","change,mousemove",function(e){fadeAmount = Math.pow(this.value / 100,2);});
// create a range slider trail distance
$$($("input",{type:"range",width : size, min:2, max:trailDist , step:1, value:trailDist , id:"trail-dist",title:"Trail seperation"}));
$("#trail-dist")[0].style.width = size + "px";
$E("#trail-dist","change,mousemove", function(e){
if(this.value !== trailDistCurrent){
trailDistCurrent= this.value;
clearAll = true;
}
});
$$($("br","")) // put canvas under the slider
// Main canvas
var canvas;
$$(canvas = $("canvas",{width:size,height:size})); // Not jquery. Just creates a canvas
// and adds canvas to the document
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
// Trailing canvas
var trailCanvases=[];
var i =0; // create trail canvas
while(i++ < trailDist){trailCanvases.push($("canvas",{width:size,height:size}));}
var ctxT = trailCanvases.map(c=>c.getContext("2d")); // get context
var topCanvas = 0;
var fadeAmount = 0.5;
// Draw a shape
function drawShape(ctx,shape){
ctx.lineWidth = shape.width;
ctx.lineJoin = "round";
ctx.strokeStyle = shape.color;
ctx.setTransform(shape.scale,0,0,shape.scale,shape.x,shape.y);
ctx.rotate(shape.rot);
ctx.beginPath();
var i = 0;
ctx.moveTo(shape.shape[i++],shape.shape[i++]);
while(i < shape.shape.length){
ctx.lineTo(shape.shape[i++],shape.shape[i++]);
}
ctx.stroke();
}
// Create some random shapes
var shapes = (function(){
function createRandomShape(){
var s = [];
var len = Math.floor(Math.random()*5 +4)*2;
while(len--){
s[s.length] = (R() + R()) * 20 * (R() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1);
}
return s;
}
var ss = [];
var i = 10;
while(i--){
ss[ss.length] = createRandomShape();
}
ss[ss.length] = [0,0,300,0]; // create single line
return ss;
})();
// Create some random poits to move the shapes
var points = (function(){
function point(){
return {
color : "hsl("+R(360)+",100%,50%)",
shape : shapes[R(shapes.length)],
width : R(4)+1,
x : R(size),
y : R(size),
scaleMax : R()*0.2 + 1,
scale : 1,
s : 0,
rot : R()*Math.PI * 2,
dr : R()*0.2 -0.1,
dx : R()*2 - 1,
dy : R()*2 - 1,
ds : R() *0.02 + 0.01,
}
}
var line = shapes.pop();
var ss = [];
var i = 5;
while(i--){
ss[ss.length] = point();
}
var s = ss.pop();
s.color = "#0F0";
s.x = s.y = size /2;
s.dx = s.dy = s.ds = 0;
s.scaleMax = 0.5;
s.dr = 0.02;
s.shape = line;
s.width = 6;
ss.push(s);
return ss;
})();
var frameCount = 0; // used to do increamental fades for long trails
function update(){
// to fix the trail distance problem when fade is low and distance high
if(clearAll){
ctxT.forEach(c=>{
c.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
c.clearRect(0,0,size,size);
});
clearAll = false;
}
frameCount += 1;
// get the next canvas that the shapes are drawn to.
topCanvas += 1;
topCanvas %= trailDistCurrent;
var ctxTop = ctxT[topCanvas];
// clear the main canvas
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0); // reset transforms
// Fade the trail canvas
ctxTop.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
ctx.clearRect(0,0,size,size); // clear main canvas
// slowly blendout trailing layer
if(fadeAmount < 0.1){ // fading much less than this leaves perminant trails
// so at low levels just reduce how often the fade is done
if(((Math.floor(frameCount/trailDistCurrent)+topCanvas) % Math.ceil(1 / (fadeAmount * 10))) === 0 ){
ctxTop.globalAlpha = 0.1;
ctxTop.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out";
ctxTop.fillRect(0,0,size,size);
}
}else{
ctxTop.globalAlpha = fadeAmount;
ctxTop.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out";
ctxTop.fillRect(0,0,size,size);
}
ctxTop.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
ctxTop.globalAlpha = 1;
// draw shapes
for(var i = 0; i < points.length; i ++){
var p = points[i];
p.x += p.dx; // move the point
p.y += p.dy;
p.rot += p.dr;
p.s += p.ds;
p.dr += Math.sin(p.s) * 0.001;
p.scale = Math.sin(p.s) * p.scaleMax+1;
p.x = ((p.x % size) + size) % size;
p.y = ((p.y % size) + size) % size;
drawShape(ctxTop,p); // draw trailing layer (middle)
}
// draw the trail the most distance from the current position
ctx.drawImage(trailCanvases[(topCanvas + 1)%trailDistCurrent],0,0);
// do it all again.
requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
update();

JS HTMLCanvas help required

I am trying to create a game (at beginning stages). I am trying to create balls that bounce around a canvas, I have created balls, randomized them and have animated them.
But when trying to add a boundary I can only seem to get the balls to act as one object rather than separate ones. If NumShapes is changed to 1 it works perfectly.
if( shapes[i].x<0 || shapes[i].x>width) dx=-dx;
if( shapes[i].y<0 || shapes[i].y>height) dy=-dy;
For movement:
shapes[i].x+=dx;
shapes[i].y+=dy;
See this:
var ctx;
var numShapes;
var shapes;
var dx = 5; // speed on the X axis
var dy = 5; // speed on the Y axis
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var width = canvas.width;
var height = canvas.height;
function init() // draws on the Canvas in the HTML
// calling functions here would not run them in the setInterval
{
numShapes = 10;
shapes = [];
drawScreen();
ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
setInterval(draw, 10); // Runs the Draw function with nestled functions
makeShapes();
}
function draw() {
clear();
drawShapes();
}
function clear() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); // clears the canvas by WIDTH and HEIGHT variables
}
function makeShapes() {
var i;
var tempRad;
var tempR;
var tempG;
var tempB;
var tempX;
var tempY;
var tempColor;
for (i = 0; i < numShapes; i++) { // runs while i is less than numShapes
tempRad = 10 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 25); // random radius number
tempX = Math.random() * (width - tempRad); // random X value
tempY = Math.random() * (height - tempRad); // random Y value
tempR = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255); // random red value
tempG = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255); // random green value
tempB = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255); // random blue value
tempColor = "rgb(" + tempR + "," + tempG + "," + tempB + ")"; // creates a random colour
tempShape = {
x: tempX,
y: tempY,
rad: tempRad,
color: tempColor
}; // creates a random shape based on X, Y and R
shapes.push(tempShape); // pushes the shape into the array
}
}
function drawShapes() {
var i;
for (i = 0; i < numShapes; i++) {
ctx.fillStyle = shapes[i].color;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(shapes[i].x, shapes[i].y, shapes[i].rad, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();
shapes[i].x += dx; // increases the X value of Shape
shapes[i].y += dy; // increases the Y value of Shape
// Boundary, but applies to all shapes as one shape
if (shapes[i].x < 0 || shapes[i].x > width) dx = -dx;
if (shapes[i].y < 0 || shapes[i].y > height) dy = -dy;
}
}
function drawScreen() {
//bg
ctx.fillStyle = '#EEEEEE';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//Box
ctx.strokeStyle = '#000000';
ctx.strokeRect(1, 1, width - 2, height - 2);
}
canvas {
border: 1px solid #333;
}
<body onLoad="init();">
<div class="container container-main">
<div class="container-canvas">
<canvas id="canvas" width="800" height="600">
This is my fallback content.
</canvas>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Your dx and dy are globals, they should be unique for each ball object that you are simulating. Either clear them to 0 in your rendering loop (draw) or actually implement a ball object/class to hold variables unique to that object.
When you do your collision detection you change dx and dy which then persists to the next ball object as they are global.
Your fiddle, edited to add local dx and dy per shape: https://jsfiddle.net/a9b3rm5u/3/
tempDx = Math.random()*5; // random DX value
tempDy = Math.random()*5; // random DY value
shapes[i].x+=shapes[i].dx;// increases the X value of Shape
shapes[i].y+=shapes[i].dy;// increases the Y value of Shape
if( shapes[i].x<0 || shapes[i].x>width) shapes[i].dx= - shapes[i].dx;
if( shapes[i].y<0 || shapes[i].y>height) shapes[i].dy= -shapes[i].dy;

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