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How can I make an object variable in javascript private? [duplicate]

Is it possible to create private properties in ES6 classes?
Here's an example.
How can I prevent access to instance.property?
class Something {
constructor(){
this.property = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"

Private class features is now supported by the majority of browsers.
class Something {
#property;
constructor(){
this.#property = "test";
}
#privateMethod() {
return 'hello world';
}
getPrivateMessage() {
return this.#property;
}
}
const instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.privateMethod); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.getPrivateMessage()); //=> test
console.log(instance.#property); //=> Syntax error

Update: See others answer, this is outdated.
Short answer, no, there is no native support for private properties with ES6 classes.
But you could mimic that behaviour by not attaching the new properties to the object, but keeping them inside a class constructor, and use getters and setters to reach the hidden properties. Note that the getters and setters gets redefine on each new instance of the class.
ES6
class Person {
constructor(name) {
var _name = name
this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}
}
ES5
function Person(name) {
var _name = name
this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

Yes, prefix the name with # and include it in the class definition, not just the constructor.
MDN Docs
Real private properties were finally added in ES2022. As of 2023-01-01, private properties (fields and methods) have been supported in all major browsers for at least a year, but 5-10% of users are still on older browsers [Can I Use].
Example:
class Person {
#age
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this.#age = 20; // this is private
}
greet() {
// here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this.#age}`);
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
Following are methods for keeping properties private in pre-ES2022 environments, with various tradeoffs.
Scoped variables
The approach here is to use the scope of the constructor function, which is private, to store private data. For methods to have access to this private data they must be created within the constructor as well, meaning you're recreating them with every instance. This is a performance and memory penalty, but it may be acceptable. The penalty can be avoided for methods that do not need access to private data by declaring them in the normal way.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name) {
let age = 20; // this is private
this.name = name; // this is public
this.greet = () => {
// here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${age}`);
};
}
anotherMethod() {
// here we can access name but not age
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
Scoped WeakMap
A WeakMap can be used to improve the performance of the above approach, in exchange for even more clutter. WeakMaps associate data with Objects (here, class instances) in such a way that it can only be accessed using that WeakMap. So, we use the scoped variables method to create a private WeakMap, then use that WeakMap to retrieve private data associated with this. This is faster than the scoped variables method because all your instances can share a single WeakMap, so you don't need to recreate methods just to make them access their own WeakMaps.
Example:
let Person = (function () {
let privateProps = new WeakMap();
return class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
privateProps.set(this, {age: 20}); // this is private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${privateProps.get(this).age}`);
}
};
})();
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
This example uses a WeakMap with Object keys to use one WeakMap for multiple private properties; you could also use multiple WeakMaps and use them like privateAge.set(this, 20), or write a small wrapper and use it another way, like privateProps.set(this, 'age', 0).
The privacy of this approach could theoretically be breached by tampering with the global WeakMap object. That said, all JavaScript can be broken by mangled globals.
(This method could also be done with Map, but WeakMap is better because Map will create memory leaks unless you're very careful, and for this purpose the two aren't otherwise different.)
Half-Answer: Scoped Symbols
A Symbol is a type of primitive value that can serve as a property name instead of a string. You can use the scoped variable method to create a private Symbol, then store private data at this[mySymbol].
The privacy of this method can be breached using Object.getOwnPropertySymbols, but is somewhat awkward to do.
Example:
let Person = (() => {
let ageKey = Symbol();
return class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this[ageKey] = 20; // this is intended to be private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this[ageKey]}`);
}
}
})();
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// Here we can access joe's name and, with a little effort, age. We can’t
// access ageKey directly, but we can obtain it by listing all Symbol
// properties on `joe` with `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(joe)`.
Note that making a property non-enumerable using Object.defineProperty does not prevent it from being included in Object.getOwnPropertySymbols.
Half-Answer: Underscores
The old convention is to just use a public property with an underscore prefix. This does not keep it private, but it does do a good job of communicating to readers that they should treat it as private, which often gets the job done. In exchange for this, we get an approach that's easier to read, easier to type, and faster than the other workarounds.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this._age = 20; // this is intended to be private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this._age}`);
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// Here we can access both joe's name and age. But we know we aren't
// supposed to access his age, which just might stop us.
Summary
ES2022: great but not yet supported by all visitors
Scoped variables: private, slower, awkward
Scoped WeakMaps: hackable, awkward
Scoped Symbols: enumerable and hackable, somewhat awkward
Underscores: just a request for privacy, no other downsides

Update: A proposal with nicer syntax is on its way. Contributions are welcome.
Yes, there is - for scoped access in objects - ES6 introduces Symbols.
Symbols are unique, you can't gain access to one from the outside except with reflection (like privates in Java/C#) but anyone who has access to a symbol on the inside can use it for key access:
var property = Symbol();
class Something {
constructor(){
this[property] = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> undefined, can only access with access to the Symbol

The answer is "No". But you can create private access to properties like this:
Use modules. Everything in a module is private unless it's made public by using the export keyword.
Inside modules, use function closure: http://www.kirupa.com/html5/closures_in_javascript.htm
(The suggestion that Symbols could be used to ensure privacy was true in an earlier version of the ES6 spec but is no longer the case:https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/es-discuss/2014-January/035604.html and https://stackoverflow.com/a/22280202/1282216. For a longer discussion about Symbols and privacy see: https://curiosity-driven.org/private-properties-in-javascript)

The only way to get true privacy in JS is through scoping, so there is no way to have a property that is a member of this that will be accessible only inside the component. The best way to store truly private data in ES6 is with a WeakMap.
const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();
class SomeClass {
constructor() {
privateProp1.set(this, "I am Private1");
privateProp2.set(this, "I am Private2");
this.publicVar = "I am public";
this.publicMethod = () => {
console.log(privateProp1.get(this), privateProp2.get(this))
};
}
printPrivate() {
console.log(privateProp1.get(this));
}
}
Obviously this is a probably slow, and definitely ugly, but it does provide privacy.
Keep in mind that EVEN THIS isn't perfect, because Javascript is so dynamic. Someone could still do
var oldSet = WeakMap.prototype.set;
WeakMap.prototype.set = function(key, value){
// Store 'this', 'key', and 'value'
return oldSet.call(this, key, value);
};
to catch values as they are stored, so if you wanted to be extra careful, you'd need to capture a local reference to .set and .get to use explicitly instead of relying on the overridable prototype.
const {set: WMSet, get: WMGet} = WeakMap.prototype;
const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();
class SomeClass {
constructor() {
WMSet.call(privateProp1, this, "I am Private1");
WMSet.call(privateProp2, this, "I am Private2");
this.publicVar = "I am public";
this.publicMethod = () => {
console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this), WMGet.call(privateProp2, this))
};
}
printPrivate() {
console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this));
}
}

For future reference of other on lookers, I'm hearing now that the recommendation is to use WeakMaps to hold private data.
Here is a more clear, working example:
function storePrivateProperties(a, b, c, d) {
let privateData = new WeakMap;
// unique object as key, weak map can only accept object as key, when key is no longer referened, garbage collector claims the key-value
let keyA = {}, keyB = {}, keyC = {}, keyD = {};
privateData.set(keyA, a);
privateData.set(keyB, b);
privateData.set(keyC, c);
privateData.set(keyD, d);
return {
logPrivateKey(key) {
switch(key) {
case "a":
console.log(privateData.get(keyA));
break;
case "b":
console.log(privateData.get(keyB));
break;
case "c":
console.log(privateData.get(keyC));
break;
case "d":
console.log(privateData.set(keyD));
break;
default:
console.log(`There is no value for ${key}`)
}
}
}
}

Depends on whom you ask :-)
No private property modifier is included in the Maximally minimal classes proposal which seems to have made it into the current draft.
However, there might be support for private names, which does allow private properties - and they probably could be used in class definitions as well.

Using ES6 modules (initially proposed by #d13) works well for me. It doesn't mimic private properties perfectly, but at least you can be confident that properties that should be private won't leak outside of your class. Here's an example:
something.js
let _message = null;
const _greet = name => {
console.log('Hello ' + name);
};
export default class Something {
constructor(message) {
_message = message;
}
say() {
console.log(_message);
_greet('Bob');
}
};
Then the consuming code can look like this:
import Something from './something.js';
const something = new Something('Sunny day!');
something.say();
something._message; // undefined
something._greet(); // exception
Update (Important):
As #DanyalAytekin outlined in the comments, these private properties are static, so therefore global in scope. They will work well when working with Singletons, but care must be taken for Transient objects. Extending the example above:
import Something from './something.js';
import Something2 from './something.js';
const a = new Something('a');
a.say(); // a
const b = new Something('b');
b.say(); // b
const c = new Something2('c');
c.say(); // c
a.say(); // c
b.say(); // c
c.say(); // c

Yes - you can create encapsulated property, but it's not been done with access modifiers (public|private) at least not with ES6.
Here is a simple example how it can be done with ES6:
1 Create class using class word
2 Inside it's constructor declare block-scoped variable using let OR const reserved words -> since they are block-scope they cannot be accessed from outside (encapsulated)
3 To allow some access control (setters|getters) to those variables you can declare instance method inside it's constructor using: this.methodName=function(){} syntax
"use strict";
class Something{
constructor(){
//private property
let property="test";
//private final (immutable) property
const property2="test2";
//public getter
this.getProperty2=function(){
return property2;
}
//public getter
this.getProperty=function(){
return property;
}
//public setter
this.setProperty=function(prop){
property=prop;
}
}
}
Now lets check it:
var s=new Something();
console.log(typeof s.property);//undefined
s.setProperty("another");//set to encapsulated `property`
console.log(s.getProperty());//get encapsulated `property` value
console.log(s.getProperty2());//get encapsulated immutable `property2` value

Completing #d13 and the comments by #johnny-oshika and #DanyalAytekin:
I guess in the example provided by #johnny-oshika we could use normal functions instead of arrow functions and then .bind them with the current object plus a _privates object as a curried parameter:
something.js
function _greet(_privates) {
return 'Hello ' + _privates.message;
}
function _updateMessage(_privates, newMessage) {
_privates.message = newMessage;
}
export default class Something {
constructor(message) {
const _privates = {
message
};
this.say = _greet.bind(this, _privates);
this.updateMessage = _updateMessage.bind(this, _privates);
}
}
main.js
import Something from './something.js';
const something = new Something('Sunny day!');
const message1 = something.say();
something.updateMessage('Cloudy day!');
const message2 = something.say();
console.log(message1 === 'Hello Sunny day!'); // true
console.log(message2 === 'Hello Cloudy day!'); // true
// the followings are not public
console.log(something._greet === undefined); // true
console.log(something._privates === undefined); // true
console.log(something._updateMessage === undefined); // true
// another instance which doesn't share the _privates
const something2 = new Something('another Sunny day!');
const message3 = something2.say();
console.log(message3 === 'Hello another Sunny day!'); // true
Benefits I can think of:
we can have private methods (_greet and _updateMessage act like private methods as long as we don't export the references)
although they're not on the prototype, the above mentioned methods will save memory because the instances are created once, outside the class (as opposed to defining them in the constructor)
we don't leak any globals since we're inside a module
we can also have private properties using the binded _privates object
Some drawbacks I can think of:
less intuitive
mixed usage of class syntax and old school patterns (object bindings, module/function scoped variables)
hard bindings - we can't rebind the public methods (although we can improve this by using soft bindings (https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/blob/master/this%20%26%20object%20prototypes/ch2.md#softening-binding))
A running snippet can be found here: http://www.webpackbin.com/NJgI5J8lZ

A different approach to "private"
Instead of fighting against the fact that private visibility is currently unavailable in ES6, I decided to take a more practical approach that does just fine if your IDE supports JSDoc (e.g., Webstorm). The idea is to use the #private tag. As far as development goes, the IDE will prevent you from accessing any private member from outside its class. Works pretty well for me and it's been really useful for hiding internal methods so the auto-complete feature shows me just what the class really meant to expose. Here's an example:

Oh, so many exotic solutions! I usually don't care about privacy so I use "pseudo privacy" as it's said here. But if do care (if there are some special requirements for that) I use something like in this example:
class jobImpl{
// public
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
// public
do(time){
console.log(`${this.name} started at ${time}`);
this.prepare();
this.execute();
}
//public
stop(time){
this.finish();
console.log(`${this.name} finished at ${time}`);
}
// private
prepare(){ console.log('prepare..'); }
// private
execute(){ console.log('execute..'); }
// private
finish(){ console.log('finish..'); }
}
function Job(name){
var impl = new jobImpl(name);
return {
do: time => impl.do(time),
stop: time => impl.stop(time)
};
}
// Test:
// create class "Job"
var j = new Job("Digging a ditch");
// call public members..
j.do("08:00am");
j.stop("06:00pm");
// try to call private members or fields..
console.log(j.name); // undefined
j.execute(); // error
Another possible implementation of function (constructor) Job:
function Job(name){
var impl = new jobImpl(name);
this.do = time => impl.do(time),
this.stop = time => impl.stop(time)
}

WeakMap
supported in IE11 (Symbols are not)
hard-private (props using Symbols are soft-private due to Object.getOwnPropertySymbols)
can look really clean (unlike closures which require all props and methods in the constructor)
First, define a function to wrap WeakMap:
function Private() {
const map = new WeakMap();
return obj => {
let props = map.get(obj);
if (!props) {
props = {};
map.set(obj, props);
}
return props;
};
}
Then, construct a reference outside your class:
const p = new Private();
class Person {
constructor(name, age) {
this.name = name;
p(this).age = age; // it's easy to set a private variable
}
getAge() {
return p(this).age; // and get a private variable
}
}
Note: class isn't supported by IE11, but it looks cleaner in the example.

I came across this post when looking for the best practice for "private data for classes". It was mentioned that a few of the patterns would have performance issues.
I put together a few jsperf tests based on the 4 main patterns from the online book "Exploring ES6":
http://exploringjs.com/es6/ch_classes.html#sec_private-data-for-classes
The tests can be found here:
https://jsperf.com/private-data-for-classes
In Chrome 63.0.3239 / Mac OS X 10.11.6, the best performing patterns were "Private data via constructor environments" and "Private data via a naming convention". For me Safari performed well for WeakMap but Chrome not so well.
I don't know the memory impact, but the pattern for "constructor environments" which some had warned would be a performance issue was very performant.
The 4 basic patterns are:
Private data via constructor environments
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
Object.assign(this, {
dec() {
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
if (counter === 0) {
action();
}
}
});
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via constructor environments 2
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this.dec = function dec() {
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
if (counter === 0) {
action();
}
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via a naming convention
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this._counter = counter;
this._action = action;
}
dec() {
if (this._counter < 1) return;
this._counter--;
if (this._counter === 0) {
this._action();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via WeakMaps
const _counter = new WeakMap();
const _action = new WeakMap();
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
_counter.set(this, counter);
_action.set(this, action);
}
dec() {
let counter = _counter.get(this);
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
_counter.set(this, counter);
if (counter === 0) {
_action.get(this)();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via symbols
const _counter = Symbol('counter');
const _action = Symbol('action');
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this[_counter] = counter;
this[_action] = action;
}
dec() {
if (this[_counter] < 1) return;
this[_counter]--;
if (this[_counter] === 0) {
this[_action]();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();

Personally I like the proposal of the bind operator :: and would then combine it with the solution #d13 mentioned but for now stick with #d13 's answer where you use the export keyword for your class and put the private functions in the module.
there is one more solution tough which hasn't been mentioned here that follows are more functional approach and would allow it to have all the private props/methods within the class.
Private.js
export const get = state => key => state[key];
export const set = state => (key,value) => { state[key] = value; }
Test.js
import { get, set } from './utils/Private'
export default class Test {
constructor(initialState = {}) {
const _set = this.set = set(initialState);
const _get = this.get = get(initialState);
this.set('privateMethod', () => _get('propValue'));
}
showProp() {
return this.get('privateMethod')();
}
}
let one = new Test({ propValue: 5});
let two = new Test({ propValue: 8});
two.showProp(); // 8
one.showProp(); // 5
comments on it would be appreciated.

I think Benjamin's answer is probably the best for most cases until the language natively supports explicitly private variables.
However, if for some reason you need to prevent access with Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(), a method I've considered using is attaching a unique, non-configurable, non-enumerable, non-writable property that can be used as a property identifier to each object on construction (such as a unique Symbol, if you don't already have some other unique property like an id). Then just keep a map of each object's 'private' variables using that identifier.
const privateVars = {};
class Something {
constructor(){
Object.defineProperty(this, '_sym', {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: Symbol()
});
var myPrivateVars = {
privateProperty: "I'm hidden"
};
privateVars[this._sym] = myPrivateVars;
this.property = "I'm public";
}
getPrivateProperty() {
return privateVars[this._sym].privateProperty;
}
// A clean up method of some kind is necessary since the
// variables won't be cleaned up from memory automatically
// when the object is garbage collected
destroy() {
delete privateVars[this._sym];
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "I'm public"
console.log(instance.privateProperty); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.getPrivateProperty()); //=> "I'm hidden"
The potential advantage of this approach over using a WeakMap is faster access time if performance becomes a concern.

I believe it is possible to get 'best of both worlds' using closures inside constructors. There are two variations:
All data members are private
function myFunc() {
console.log('Value of x: ' + this.x);
this.myPrivateFunc();
}
function myPrivateFunc() {
console.log('Enhanced value of x: ' + (this.x + 1));
}
class Test {
constructor() {
let internal = {
x : 2,
};
internal.myPrivateFunc = myPrivateFunc.bind(internal);
this.myFunc = myFunc.bind(internal);
}
};
Some members are private
NOTE: This is admittedly ugly. If you know a better solution, please edit this response.
function myFunc(priv, pub) {
pub.y = 3; // The Test object now gets a member 'y' with value 3.
console.log('Value of x: ' + priv.x);
this.myPrivateFunc();
}
function myPrivateFunc() {
pub.z = 5; // The Test object now gets a member 'z' with value 3.
console.log('Enhanced value of x: ' + (priv.x + 1));
}
class Test {
constructor() {
let self = this;
let internal = {
x : 2,
};
internal.myPrivateFunc = myPrivateFunc.bind(null, internal, self);
this.myFunc = myFunc.bind(null, internal, self);
}
};

In fact it is possible using Symbols and Proxies. You use the symbols in the class scope and set two traps in a proxy: one for the class prototype so that the Reflect.ownKeys(instance) or Object.getOwnPropertySymbols doesn't give your symbols away, the other one is for the constructor itself so when new ClassName(attrs) is called, the instance returned will be intercepted and have the own properties symbols blocked.
Here's the code:
const Human = (function() {
const pet = Symbol();
const greet = Symbol();
const Human = privatizeSymbolsInFn(function(name) {
this.name = name; // public
this[pet] = 'dog'; // private
});
Human.prototype = privatizeSymbolsInObj({
[greet]() { // private
return 'Hi there!';
},
revealSecrets() {
console.log(this[greet]() + ` The pet is a ${this[pet]}`);
}
});
return Human;
})();
const bob = new Human('Bob');
console.assert(bob instanceof Human);
console.assert(Reflect.ownKeys(bob).length === 1) // only ['name']
console.assert(Reflect.ownKeys(Human.prototype).length === 1 ) // only ['revealSecrets']
// Setting up the traps inside proxies:
function privatizeSymbolsInObj(target) {
return new Proxy(target, { ownKeys: Object.getOwnPropertyNames });
}
function privatizeSymbolsInFn(Class) {
function construct(TargetClass, argsList) {
const instance = new TargetClass(...argsList);
return privatizeSymbolsInObj(instance);
}
return new Proxy(Class, { construct });
}
Reflect.ownKeys() works like so: Object.getOwnPropertyNames(myObj).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(myObj)) that's why we need a trap for these objects.

Even Typescript can't do it. From their documentation:
When a member is marked private, it cannot be accessed from outside of its containing class. For example:
class Animal {
private name: string;
constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; }
}
new Animal("Cat").name; // Error: 'name' is private;
But transpiled on their playground this gives:
var Animal = (function () {
function Animal(theName) {
this.name = theName;
}
return Animal;
}());
console.log(new Animal("Cat").name);
So their "private" keyword is ineffective.

Coming very late to this party but I hit the OP question in a search so...
Yes, you can have private properties by wrapping the class declaration in a closure
There is an example of how I have private methods in this codepen. In the snippet below, the Subscribable class has two 'private' functions process and processCallbacks. Any properties can be added in this manner and they are kept private through the use of the closure. IMO Privacy is a rare need if concerns are well separated and Javascript does not need to become bloated by adding more syntax when a closure neatly does the job.
const Subscribable = (function(){
const process = (self, eventName, args) => {
self.processing.set(eventName, setTimeout(() => processCallbacks(self, eventName, args)))};
const processCallbacks = (self, eventName, args) => {
if (self.callingBack.get(eventName).length > 0){
const [nextCallback, ...callingBack] = self.callingBack.get(eventName);
self.callingBack.set(eventName, callingBack);
process(self, eventName, args);
nextCallback(...args)}
else {
delete self.processing.delete(eventName)}};
return class {
constructor(){
this.callingBack = new Map();
this.processing = new Map();
this.toCallbacks = new Map()}
subscribe(eventName, callback){
const callbacks = this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback);
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, [...callbacks, callback]);
return () => this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback)} // callable to unsubscribe for convenience
unsubscribe(eventName, callback){
let callbacks = this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || [];
callbacks = callbacks.filter(subscribedCallback => subscribedCallback !== callback);
if (callbacks.length > 0) {
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, callbacks)}
else {
this.toCallbacks.delete(eventName)}
return callbacks}
emit(eventName, ...args){
this.callingBack.set(eventName, this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || []);
if (!this.processing.has(eventName)){
process(this, eventName, args)}}}})();
I like this approach because it separates concerns nicely and keeps things truly private. The only downside is the need to use 'self' (or something similar) to refer to 'this' in the private content.

Yes totally can, and pretty easily too. This is done by exposing your private variables and functions by returning the prototype object graph in the constructor. This is nothing new, but take a bit of js foo to understand the elegance of it. This way does not use global scoped, or weakmaps. It is a form of reflection built into the language. Depending on how you leverage this; one can either force an exception which interrupts the call stack, or bury the exception as an undefined. This is demonstarted below, and can read more about these features here
class Clazz {
constructor() {
var _level = 1
function _private(x) {
return _level * x;
}
return {
level: _level,
public: this.private,
public2: function(x) {
return _private(x);
},
public3: function(x) {
return _private(x) * this.public(x);
},
};
}
private(x) {
return x * x;
}
}
var clazz = new Clazz();
console.log(clazz._level); //undefined
console.log(clazz._private); // undefined
console.log(clazz.level); // 1
console.log(clazz.public(1)); //1
console.log(clazz.public2(2)); //2
console.log(clazz.public3(3)); //27
console.log(clazz.private(0)); //error

class Something {
constructor(){
var _property = "test";
Object.defineProperty(this, "property", {
get: function(){ return _property}
});
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
instance.property = "can read from outside, but can't write";
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"

Another way similar to the last two posted
class Example {
constructor(foo) {
// privates
const self = this;
this.foo = foo;
// public interface
return self.public;
}
public = {
// empty data
nodata: { data: [] },
// noop
noop: () => {},
}
// everything else private
bar = 10
}
const test = new Example('FOO');
console.log(test.foo); // undefined
console.log(test.noop); // { data: [] }
console.log(test.bar); // undefined

I found a very simple solution, just use Object.freeze(). Of course the problem is you can't add nothing to the object later.
class Cat {
constructor(name ,age) {
this.name = name
this.age = age
Object.freeze(this)
}
}
let cat = new Cat('Garfield', 5)
cat.age = 6 // doesn't work, even throws an error in strict mode

This code demonstrates private and public, static and non-static, instance and class-level, variables, methods, and properties.
https://codesandbox.io/s/class-demo-837bj
class Animal {
static count = 0 // class static public
static #ClassPriVar = 3 // class static private
constructor(kind) {
this.kind = kind // instance public property
Animal.count++
let InstancePriVar = 'InstancePriVar: ' + kind // instance private constructor-var
log(InstancePriVar)
Animal.#ClassPriVar += 3
this.adhoc = 'adhoc' // instance public property w/out constructor- parameter
}
#PawCount = 4 // instance private var
set Paws(newPawCount) {
// instance public prop
this.#PawCount = newPawCount
}
get Paws() {
// instance public prop
return this.#PawCount
}
get GetPriVar() {
// instance public prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar
}
static get GetPriVarStat() {
// class public prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar
}
PrintKind() {
// instance public method
log('kind: ' + this.kind)
}
ReturnKind() {
// instance public function
return this.kind
}
/* May be unsupported
get #PrivMeth(){ // instance private prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method'
}
static get #PrivMeth(){ // class private prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method'
}
*/
}
function log(str) {
console.log(str)
}
// TESTING
log(Animal.count) // static, avail w/out instance
log(Animal.GetPriVarStat) // static, avail w/out instance
let A = new Animal('Cat')
log(Animal.count + ': ' + A.kind)
log(A.GetPriVar)
A.PrintKind()
A.Paws = 6
log('Paws: ' + A.Paws)
log('ReturnKind: ' + A.ReturnKind())
log(A.adhoc)
let B = new Animal('Dog')
log(Animal.count + ': ' + B.kind)
log(B.GetPriVar)
log(A.GetPriVar) // returns same as B.GetPriVar. Acts like a class-level property, but called like an instance-level property. It's cuz non-stat fx requires instance.
log('class: ' + Animal.GetPriVarStat)
// undefined
log('instance: ' + B.GetPriVarStat) // static class fx
log(Animal.GetPriVar) // non-stat instance fx
log(A.InstancePriVar) // private
log(Animal.InstancePriVar) // private instance var
log('PawCount: ' + A.PawCount) // private. Use getter
/* log('PawCount: ' + A.#PawCount) // private. Use getter
log('PawCount: ' + Animal.#PawCount) // Instance and private. Use getter */

Reading the previous answer i thought that this example can summarise the above solutions
const friend = Symbol('friend');
const ClassName = ((hidden, hiddenShared = 0) => {
class ClassName {
constructor(hiddenPropertyValue, prop){
this[hidden] = hiddenPropertyValue * ++hiddenShared;
this.prop = prop
}
get hidden(){
console.log('getting hidden');
return this[hidden];
}
set [friend](v){
console.log('setting hiddenShared');
hiddenShared = v;
}
get counter(){
console.log('getting hiddenShared');
return hiddenShared;
}
get privileged(){
console.log('calling privileged method');
return privileged.bind(this);
}
}
function privileged(value){
return this[hidden] + value;
}
return ClassName;
})(Symbol('hidden'), 0);
const OtherClass = (() => class OtherClass extends ClassName {
constructor(v){
super(v, 100);
this[friend] = this.counter - 1;
}
})();
UPDATE
now is it possible to make true private properties and methods (at least on chrome based browsers for now).
The syntax is pretty neat
class MyClass {
#privateProperty = 1
#privateMethod() { return 2 }
static #privateStatic = 3
static #privateStaticMethod(){return 4}
static get #privateStaticGetter(){return 5}
// also using is quite straightforward
method(){
return (
this.#privateMethod() +
this.#privateProperty +
MyClass.#privateStatic +
MyClass.#privateStaticMethod() +
MyClass.#privateStaticGetter
)
}
}
new MyClass().method()
// returns 15
Note that for retrieving static references you wouldn't use this.constructor.#private, because it would brake its subclasses. You must use a reference to the proper class in order to retrieve its static private references (that are available only inside the methods of that class), ie MyClass.#private.

Most answers either say it's impossible, or require you to use a WeakMap or Symbol, which are ES6 features that would probably require polyfills. There's however another way! Check out this out:
// 1. Create closure
var SomeClass = function() {
// 2. Create `key` inside a closure
var key = {};
// Function to create private storage
var private = function() {
var obj = {};
// return Function to access private storage using `key`
return function(testkey) {
if(key === testkey) return obj;
// If `key` is wrong, then storage cannot be accessed
console.error('Cannot access private properties');
return undefined;
};
};
var SomeClass = function() {
// 3. Create private storage
this._ = private();
// 4. Access private storage using the `key`
this._(key).priv_prop = 200;
};
SomeClass.prototype.test = function() {
console.log(this._(key).priv_prop); // Using property from prototype
};
return SomeClass;
}();
// Can access private property from within prototype
var instance = new SomeClass();
instance.test(); // `200` logged
// Cannot access private property from outside of the closure
var wrong_key = {};
instance._(wrong_key); // undefined; error logged
I call this method accessor pattern. The essential idea is that we have a closure, a key inside the closure, and we create a private object (in the constructor) that can only be accessed if you have the key.
If you are interested, you can read more about this in my article. Using this method, you can create per object properties that cannot be accessed outside of the closure. Therefore, you can use them in constructor or prototype, but not anywhere else. I haven't seen this method used anywhere, but I think it's really powerful.

See this answer for a a clean & simple 'class' solution with a private and public interface and support for composition

I use this pattern and it's always worked for me
class Test {
constructor(data) {
class Public {
constructor(prv) {
// public function (must be in constructor on order to access "prv" variable)
connectToDb(ip) {
prv._db(ip, prv._err);
}
}
// public function w/o access to "prv" variable
log() {
console.log("I'm logging");
}
}
// private variables
this._data = data;
this._err = function(ip) {
console.log("could not connect to "+ip);
}
}
// private function
_db(ip, err) {
if(!!ip) {
console.log("connected to "+ip+", sending data '"+this.data+"'");
return true;
}
else err(ip);
}
}
var test = new Test(10),
ip = "185.167.210.49";
test.connectToDb(ip); // true
test.log(); // I'm logging
test._err(ip); // undefined
test._db(ip, function() { console.log("You have got hacked!"); }); // undefined

Javascript - how do you add properties to an object constructor function

How do I add properties to a constructor function in JavaScript? For example. If I have the following function.
function Hotel(name)
{
this.name = name;
};
var hotel1 = new Hotel('Park');
can I add a "local" variable that can be used locally within the class as if it were private with the same notation using the keyword "this". Of course it would not be private since objects created will be able to use it correct?
Can I do something like this. Do I use the this keyword or do I use the var keyword
which one is it? I have example 2 on the function constructor on the bottom
1. var numRooms = 40;
2. this.numRooms = 40;
3. numRooms : 40,
function Hotel(name)
{
this.name = name;
this.numRooms = 40;
};
I know that if I want a function within the object constructor I need to use the this word. Will that work as well for normal variables as I have asked above.
function Hotel(name)
{
this.name = name;
this.numRooms = 40;
this.addNumRoomsPlusFive = function()
{
return this.numRooms + 5;
}
};

You can simple add a private variable to your constructor:
function Hotel(name) {
var private = 'private';
this.name = name;
};
But if you will use your Hotel function without a new operator, all properties and functions which was attached to this will become global.
function Hotel(name) {
var private = 'private';
this.name = name;
};
var hotel = Hotel('test');
console.log(name); // test
It is good idea to return an object in constructor function:
function Hotel(name) {
var
private_var = 'private',
private_func = function() {
// your code
};
retur {
name: 'name',
public_func: private_func
}
};
var hotel = Hotel('test');
console.log(name); // undefined
So if you will use Hotel constructor without new operator no global variable will be created. This is possible only if the return value is an object. Otherwise, if you try to return anything that is not an object, the constructor will proceed with its usual behaviour and return this.

can I add a "local" variable that can be used locally within the class as if it were private with the same notation using the keyword "this".
Yes we can:
// API implementation in the library
function Hotel(name) {
// only our library code knows about the actual value
const numRooms = 'privateNoRoomsVar';
this.name = name;
this[numRooms] = 40;
this.addNumRoomsPlusFive = function() {
return this[numRooms] + 5;
}
};
// from the library user's perspective
const hotel = new Hotel('Transylvania');
console.log('rooms+5 =', hotel.addNumRoomsPlusFive());
console.log('hotel.numRooms =', hotel.numRooms); // undefined
// also, users don't have access to 'numRooms' variable so they can't use hotel[numRooms].
If a user looks at the source code and finds out the value privateNoRoomsVar, then they can misuse the API.
For that we need to use symobls:
// API implementation in the library
function Hotel(name) {
// no one can duplicate a symbol so the variable is really private
const numRooms = Symbol();
this.name = name;
this[numRooms] = 40;
this.addNumRoomsPlusFive = function() {
return this[numRooms] + 5;
}
};
// from the library user's perspective
const hotel = new Hotel('Transylvania');
console.log('rooms+5 =', hotel.addNumRoomsPlusFive());
console.log('hotel.numRooms =', hotel.numRooms); // undefined
// there is no way users will get access to the symbol object so the variable remains private.
Private class features, #privateField, are supported by all the browsers so we don’t have to worry about this anymore.
// API implementation in the library
class Hotel {
// private field
#numRooms = 40;
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
addNumRoomsPlusFive() {
return this.#numRooms + 5;
}
};
// from the library user's perspective
const hotel = new Hotel('Transylvania');
console.log('rooms+5 =', hotel.addNumRoomsPlusFive());
console.log('hotel.numRooms =', hotel.numRooms); // undefined
//console.log('hotel.numRooms =', hotel.#numRooms); // throws error

Javascript historically creates objects from prototypes of other objects. It was a result of EMCA2015, that you have a distinct syntax of a class that specifies an object. As an aside, if you mouse over the table in that link it gives dates of when the feature was implemented.
A javascript object created by the new operator is more or less a combination of an associative array ( what you make with let avar={}; ) that can access the function level scopes it is defined in. The keys of the array are its properties. According to its creator, Javascript was created to be an easy to use program language without a hierarchy of types. One of the ways it accomplished this is by more or less considering its mapping type to be equivalent to the prototypical Object which object oriented programming languages describe.
Adding properties in 2022
function AProtoype(arg1, arg2, arg3){
//this defines a property
this.pa=arg1;
/* unicorns in this section */
let x = 1;
/*
a getter which has the same syntax as a property
but returns x from the scope which it references and
not the object.
*/
get getx() => x;
}
let object = new AProtoype(2,3,4);
Is equivalent to the following code for the purposes of data access but not inheritance and typing. The new operator also sets variables on an object that are used for these purposes.
function NewObject(arg1, arg2, arg3){
let prototype = {};
/*dragons in this section, as you are not using the this keyword to accomplish things*/
prototype.pa = arg1;
Object.defineProperty(prototype, "getx", {get:()=>x});
return prototype;
}
//If you do this instead of using the new operator it is an anti-pattern.
//And like all anti-patterns: "But it works!"
let object = NewObject(2,3,4);
The relevant property defining methods where in some sense supported as early as 2010, 2011. I do not have a contemporary source to that time to confirm if you could pull off what I'm doing though, and you'd only want to if all else failed and it needed to run on Internet Explorer 9. In the event all else is failing, you may want to read the documentation for Object.create, which is also of interest because more or less provides an api to make new objects.
Now, for a fun time and horror, you can also define a function that returns this, and get an object back with an equivalent binding of that function. The horror comes when it is an object in global scope, and you rename a property of that object; as Javascript will resolve the name collision by happily writing on whatever it finds if it can. You can then use this to re-implement the prototype pattern that javascripts new operator is built off of conceptually, for the sake of science.

When you use a "constructor function" in Javascript, any properties defined on the instance using the this keyword become public. This is unavoidable, because Javascript objects have no concept of private properties - if it exists, it can be accessed directly as object.property.
For example, if you tried to do as in the following snippet, mimicking a typical getter/setter pattern with a private variable in Java or C# (note that even if this worked, this is not idiomatic Javascript):
function MyObject(privateVar) {
this.privateVar = privateVar;
}
MyObject.prototype.getVar = function() {
return this.privateVar;
};
MyObject.prototype.setVar = function(newVal) {
this.privateVar = newVal;
};
then while you can indeed use the getter and setter to do as you expect, you can also just access and set the private variable directly! Demonstration:
function MyObject(privateVar) {
this.privateVar = privateVar;
}
MyObject.prototype.getVar = function() {
return this.privateVar;
};
MyObject.prototype.setVar = function(newVal) {
this.privateVar = newVal;
};
var obj = new MyObject(1);
// using public getter/setter
console.log(obj.getVar()); // 1
obj.setVar(2);
console.log(obj.getVar()); // 2
// using private variable directly - not intended to work
console.log(obj.privateVar); // 2
obj.privateVar = 3;
console.log(obj.getVar()); // 3 (using public API to get it to show that the direct update to the private variable also affects the intended public methods)
There is though a way to mimic the effect of private variables. They're not actually object properties - because, as I have just demonstrated, such are intrinsically public - but the same can be mimicked by:
not using a "constructor function" at all, but a regular function that happens to return an object. This is all a constructor function really does, anyway - the difference in JS is only syntactic, that you do not need to use the new keyword when you call the function. (Although you still can, if you really prefer - any function that returns an object can be called with new and behave in the same way as without it, although performance will likely suffer a little as the function would then construct a brand new object and throw it away. See MDN for a justification of these statements, particularly step 4.)
inside this function, using a regular variable as the private variable. This variable will be completely inaccessible from outside by the simple rules of scope, but you can still have the returned object retain access to it by the "magic" of closures.
Here is the above getter/setter example translated to this procedure, as well as demonstrations of it working. (I hasten to add again though, that this wouldn't be considered idiomatic code in Javascript.)
function makeObjectWithPrivateVar(privateVar) {
function getPrivateVar() {
return privateVar;
}
function setPrivateVar(newVal) {
privateVar = newVal;
}
return { getPrivateVar, setPrivateVar };
}
var obj = makeObjectWithPrivateVar(1);
// getter
console.log(obj.getPrivateVar()); // 1
// setter
obj.setPrivateVar(2);
// getter again to observe the change
console.log(obj.getPrivateVar()); // 2
// but how could we access the private var directly??
// answer, we can't
console.log(obj.privateVar); // undefined
console.log(privateVar); // ReferenceError, privateVar is not in scope!
Note finally though that it's rare in modern Javascript to use the function-based constructors in this style, since the class keyword makes it easier to mimic traditional class-based languages like Java if you really want to. And in particular, more recent browsers support private properties directly (you just have to prefix the property name with a #), so the initial code snippet translated into a class and using this feature, will work fine:
class MyObject {
#privateVar
constructor(privateVar) {
this.#privateVar = privateVar;
}
getVar() {
return this.#privateVar;
}
setVar(newVal) {
this.#privateVar = newVal;
}
}
var obj = new MyObject(1);
// using public getter/setter
console.log(obj.getVar()); // 1
obj.setVar(2);
console.log(obj.getVar()); // 2
// using private variable directly - now doesn't work
console.log(obj.privateVar); // undefined, it doesn't exist
// console.log(obj.#privateVar); // error as it's explicitly private, uncomment to see error message

Usually it's performed using closures:
var Hotel = (function() {
var numrooms=40; // some kind of private static variable
return function(name) { // constructor
this.numrooms = numrooms;
this.name = name;
};
}());
var instance = new Hotel("myname");

Private properties in JavaScript ES6 classes

Is it possible to create private properties in ES6 classes?
Here's an example.
How can I prevent access to instance.property?
class Something {
constructor(){
this.property = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"

Private class features is now supported by the majority of browsers.
class Something {
#property;
constructor(){
this.#property = "test";
}
#privateMethod() {
return 'hello world';
}
getPrivateMessage() {
return this.#property;
}
}
const instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.privateMethod); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.getPrivateMessage()); //=> test
console.log(instance.#property); //=> Syntax error

Update: See others answer, this is outdated.
Short answer, no, there is no native support for private properties with ES6 classes.
But you could mimic that behaviour by not attaching the new properties to the object, but keeping them inside a class constructor, and use getters and setters to reach the hidden properties. Note that the getters and setters gets redefine on each new instance of the class.
ES6
class Person {
constructor(name) {
var _name = name
this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}
}
ES5
function Person(name) {
var _name = name
this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

Yes, prefix the name with # and include it in the class definition, not just the constructor.
MDN Docs
Real private properties were finally added in ES2022. As of 2023-01-01, private properties (fields and methods) have been supported in all major browsers for at least a year, but 5-10% of users are still on older browsers [Can I Use].
Example:
class Person {
#age
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this.#age = 20; // this is private
}
greet() {
// here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this.#age}`);
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
Following are methods for keeping properties private in pre-ES2022 environments, with various tradeoffs.
Scoped variables
The approach here is to use the scope of the constructor function, which is private, to store private data. For methods to have access to this private data they must be created within the constructor as well, meaning you're recreating them with every instance. This is a performance and memory penalty, but it may be acceptable. The penalty can be avoided for methods that do not need access to private data by declaring them in the normal way.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name) {
let age = 20; // this is private
this.name = name; // this is public
this.greet = () => {
// here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${age}`);
};
}
anotherMethod() {
// here we can access name but not age
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
Scoped WeakMap
A WeakMap can be used to improve the performance of the above approach, in exchange for even more clutter. WeakMaps associate data with Objects (here, class instances) in such a way that it can only be accessed using that WeakMap. So, we use the scoped variables method to create a private WeakMap, then use that WeakMap to retrieve private data associated with this. This is faster than the scoped variables method because all your instances can share a single WeakMap, so you don't need to recreate methods just to make them access their own WeakMaps.
Example:
let Person = (function () {
let privateProps = new WeakMap();
return class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
privateProps.set(this, {age: 20}); // this is private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${privateProps.get(this).age}`);
}
};
})();
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// here we can access name but not age
This example uses a WeakMap with Object keys to use one WeakMap for multiple private properties; you could also use multiple WeakMaps and use them like privateAge.set(this, 20), or write a small wrapper and use it another way, like privateProps.set(this, 'age', 0).
The privacy of this approach could theoretically be breached by tampering with the global WeakMap object. That said, all JavaScript can be broken by mangled globals.
(This method could also be done with Map, but WeakMap is better because Map will create memory leaks unless you're very careful, and for this purpose the two aren't otherwise different.)
Half-Answer: Scoped Symbols
A Symbol is a type of primitive value that can serve as a property name instead of a string. You can use the scoped variable method to create a private Symbol, then store private data at this[mySymbol].
The privacy of this method can be breached using Object.getOwnPropertySymbols, but is somewhat awkward to do.
Example:
let Person = (() => {
let ageKey = Symbol();
return class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this[ageKey] = 20; // this is intended to be private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this[ageKey]}`);
}
}
})();
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// Here we can access joe's name and, with a little effort, age. We can’t
// access ageKey directly, but we can obtain it by listing all Symbol
// properties on `joe` with `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(joe)`.
Note that making a property non-enumerable using Object.defineProperty does not prevent it from being included in Object.getOwnPropertySymbols.
Half-Answer: Underscores
The old convention is to just use a public property with an underscore prefix. This does not keep it private, but it does do a good job of communicating to readers that they should treat it as private, which often gets the job done. In exchange for this, we get an approach that's easier to read, easier to type, and faster than the other workarounds.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name; // this is public
this._age = 20; // this is intended to be private
}
greet() {
// Here we can access both name and age
console.log(`name: ${this.name}, age: ${this._age}`);
}
}
let joe = new Person('Joe');
joe.greet();
// Here we can access both joe's name and age. But we know we aren't
// supposed to access his age, which just might stop us.
Summary
ES2022: great but not yet supported by all visitors
Scoped variables: private, slower, awkward
Scoped WeakMaps: hackable, awkward
Scoped Symbols: enumerable and hackable, somewhat awkward
Underscores: just a request for privacy, no other downsides

Update: A proposal with nicer syntax is on its way. Contributions are welcome.
Yes, there is - for scoped access in objects - ES6 introduces Symbols.
Symbols are unique, you can't gain access to one from the outside except with reflection (like privates in Java/C#) but anyone who has access to a symbol on the inside can use it for key access:
var property = Symbol();
class Something {
constructor(){
this[property] = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> undefined, can only access with access to the Symbol

The answer is "No". But you can create private access to properties like this:
Use modules. Everything in a module is private unless it's made public by using the export keyword.
Inside modules, use function closure: http://www.kirupa.com/html5/closures_in_javascript.htm
(The suggestion that Symbols could be used to ensure privacy was true in an earlier version of the ES6 spec but is no longer the case:https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/es-discuss/2014-January/035604.html and https://stackoverflow.com/a/22280202/1282216. For a longer discussion about Symbols and privacy see: https://curiosity-driven.org/private-properties-in-javascript)

The only way to get true privacy in JS is through scoping, so there is no way to have a property that is a member of this that will be accessible only inside the component. The best way to store truly private data in ES6 is with a WeakMap.
const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();
class SomeClass {
constructor() {
privateProp1.set(this, "I am Private1");
privateProp2.set(this, "I am Private2");
this.publicVar = "I am public";
this.publicMethod = () => {
console.log(privateProp1.get(this), privateProp2.get(this))
};
}
printPrivate() {
console.log(privateProp1.get(this));
}
}
Obviously this is a probably slow, and definitely ugly, but it does provide privacy.
Keep in mind that EVEN THIS isn't perfect, because Javascript is so dynamic. Someone could still do
var oldSet = WeakMap.prototype.set;
WeakMap.prototype.set = function(key, value){
// Store 'this', 'key', and 'value'
return oldSet.call(this, key, value);
};
to catch values as they are stored, so if you wanted to be extra careful, you'd need to capture a local reference to .set and .get to use explicitly instead of relying on the overridable prototype.
const {set: WMSet, get: WMGet} = WeakMap.prototype;
const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();
class SomeClass {
constructor() {
WMSet.call(privateProp1, this, "I am Private1");
WMSet.call(privateProp2, this, "I am Private2");
this.publicVar = "I am public";
this.publicMethod = () => {
console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this), WMGet.call(privateProp2, this))
};
}
printPrivate() {
console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this));
}
}

For future reference of other on lookers, I'm hearing now that the recommendation is to use WeakMaps to hold private data.
Here is a more clear, working example:
function storePrivateProperties(a, b, c, d) {
let privateData = new WeakMap;
// unique object as key, weak map can only accept object as key, when key is no longer referened, garbage collector claims the key-value
let keyA = {}, keyB = {}, keyC = {}, keyD = {};
privateData.set(keyA, a);
privateData.set(keyB, b);
privateData.set(keyC, c);
privateData.set(keyD, d);
return {
logPrivateKey(key) {
switch(key) {
case "a":
console.log(privateData.get(keyA));
break;
case "b":
console.log(privateData.get(keyB));
break;
case "c":
console.log(privateData.get(keyC));
break;
case "d":
console.log(privateData.set(keyD));
break;
default:
console.log(`There is no value for ${key}`)
}
}
}
}

Depends on whom you ask :-)
No private property modifier is included in the Maximally minimal classes proposal which seems to have made it into the current draft.
However, there might be support for private names, which does allow private properties - and they probably could be used in class definitions as well.

Using ES6 modules (initially proposed by #d13) works well for me. It doesn't mimic private properties perfectly, but at least you can be confident that properties that should be private won't leak outside of your class. Here's an example:
something.js
let _message = null;
const _greet = name => {
console.log('Hello ' + name);
};
export default class Something {
constructor(message) {
_message = message;
}
say() {
console.log(_message);
_greet('Bob');
}
};
Then the consuming code can look like this:
import Something from './something.js';
const something = new Something('Sunny day!');
something.say();
something._message; // undefined
something._greet(); // exception
Update (Important):
As #DanyalAytekin outlined in the comments, these private properties are static, so therefore global in scope. They will work well when working with Singletons, but care must be taken for Transient objects. Extending the example above:
import Something from './something.js';
import Something2 from './something.js';
const a = new Something('a');
a.say(); // a
const b = new Something('b');
b.say(); // b
const c = new Something2('c');
c.say(); // c
a.say(); // c
b.say(); // c
c.say(); // c

Yes - you can create encapsulated property, but it's not been done with access modifiers (public|private) at least not with ES6.
Here is a simple example how it can be done with ES6:
1 Create class using class word
2 Inside it's constructor declare block-scoped variable using let OR const reserved words -> since they are block-scope they cannot be accessed from outside (encapsulated)
3 To allow some access control (setters|getters) to those variables you can declare instance method inside it's constructor using: this.methodName=function(){} syntax
"use strict";
class Something{
constructor(){
//private property
let property="test";
//private final (immutable) property
const property2="test2";
//public getter
this.getProperty2=function(){
return property2;
}
//public getter
this.getProperty=function(){
return property;
}
//public setter
this.setProperty=function(prop){
property=prop;
}
}
}
Now lets check it:
var s=new Something();
console.log(typeof s.property);//undefined
s.setProperty("another");//set to encapsulated `property`
console.log(s.getProperty());//get encapsulated `property` value
console.log(s.getProperty2());//get encapsulated immutable `property2` value

Completing #d13 and the comments by #johnny-oshika and #DanyalAytekin:
I guess in the example provided by #johnny-oshika we could use normal functions instead of arrow functions and then .bind them with the current object plus a _privates object as a curried parameter:
something.js
function _greet(_privates) {
return 'Hello ' + _privates.message;
}
function _updateMessage(_privates, newMessage) {
_privates.message = newMessage;
}
export default class Something {
constructor(message) {
const _privates = {
message
};
this.say = _greet.bind(this, _privates);
this.updateMessage = _updateMessage.bind(this, _privates);
}
}
main.js
import Something from './something.js';
const something = new Something('Sunny day!');
const message1 = something.say();
something.updateMessage('Cloudy day!');
const message2 = something.say();
console.log(message1 === 'Hello Sunny day!'); // true
console.log(message2 === 'Hello Cloudy day!'); // true
// the followings are not public
console.log(something._greet === undefined); // true
console.log(something._privates === undefined); // true
console.log(something._updateMessage === undefined); // true
// another instance which doesn't share the _privates
const something2 = new Something('another Sunny day!');
const message3 = something2.say();
console.log(message3 === 'Hello another Sunny day!'); // true
Benefits I can think of:
we can have private methods (_greet and _updateMessage act like private methods as long as we don't export the references)
although they're not on the prototype, the above mentioned methods will save memory because the instances are created once, outside the class (as opposed to defining them in the constructor)
we don't leak any globals since we're inside a module
we can also have private properties using the binded _privates object
Some drawbacks I can think of:
less intuitive
mixed usage of class syntax and old school patterns (object bindings, module/function scoped variables)
hard bindings - we can't rebind the public methods (although we can improve this by using soft bindings (https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/blob/master/this%20%26%20object%20prototypes/ch2.md#softening-binding))
A running snippet can be found here: http://www.webpackbin.com/NJgI5J8lZ

A different approach to "private"
Instead of fighting against the fact that private visibility is currently unavailable in ES6, I decided to take a more practical approach that does just fine if your IDE supports JSDoc (e.g., Webstorm). The idea is to use the #private tag. As far as development goes, the IDE will prevent you from accessing any private member from outside its class. Works pretty well for me and it's been really useful for hiding internal methods so the auto-complete feature shows me just what the class really meant to expose. Here's an example:

Oh, so many exotic solutions! I usually don't care about privacy so I use "pseudo privacy" as it's said here. But if do care (if there are some special requirements for that) I use something like in this example:
class jobImpl{
// public
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
// public
do(time){
console.log(`${this.name} started at ${time}`);
this.prepare();
this.execute();
}
//public
stop(time){
this.finish();
console.log(`${this.name} finished at ${time}`);
}
// private
prepare(){ console.log('prepare..'); }
// private
execute(){ console.log('execute..'); }
// private
finish(){ console.log('finish..'); }
}
function Job(name){
var impl = new jobImpl(name);
return {
do: time => impl.do(time),
stop: time => impl.stop(time)
};
}
// Test:
// create class "Job"
var j = new Job("Digging a ditch");
// call public members..
j.do("08:00am");
j.stop("06:00pm");
// try to call private members or fields..
console.log(j.name); // undefined
j.execute(); // error
Another possible implementation of function (constructor) Job:
function Job(name){
var impl = new jobImpl(name);
this.do = time => impl.do(time),
this.stop = time => impl.stop(time)
}

WeakMap
supported in IE11 (Symbols are not)
hard-private (props using Symbols are soft-private due to Object.getOwnPropertySymbols)
can look really clean (unlike closures which require all props and methods in the constructor)
First, define a function to wrap WeakMap:
function Private() {
const map = new WeakMap();
return obj => {
let props = map.get(obj);
if (!props) {
props = {};
map.set(obj, props);
}
return props;
};
}
Then, construct a reference outside your class:
const p = new Private();
class Person {
constructor(name, age) {
this.name = name;
p(this).age = age; // it's easy to set a private variable
}
getAge() {
return p(this).age; // and get a private variable
}
}
Note: class isn't supported by IE11, but it looks cleaner in the example.

I came across this post when looking for the best practice for "private data for classes". It was mentioned that a few of the patterns would have performance issues.
I put together a few jsperf tests based on the 4 main patterns from the online book "Exploring ES6":
http://exploringjs.com/es6/ch_classes.html#sec_private-data-for-classes
The tests can be found here:
https://jsperf.com/private-data-for-classes
In Chrome 63.0.3239 / Mac OS X 10.11.6, the best performing patterns were "Private data via constructor environments" and "Private data via a naming convention". For me Safari performed well for WeakMap but Chrome not so well.
I don't know the memory impact, but the pattern for "constructor environments" which some had warned would be a performance issue was very performant.
The 4 basic patterns are:
Private data via constructor environments
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
Object.assign(this, {
dec() {
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
if (counter === 0) {
action();
}
}
});
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via constructor environments 2
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this.dec = function dec() {
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
if (counter === 0) {
action();
}
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via a naming convention
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this._counter = counter;
this._action = action;
}
dec() {
if (this._counter < 1) return;
this._counter--;
if (this._counter === 0) {
this._action();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via WeakMaps
const _counter = new WeakMap();
const _action = new WeakMap();
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
_counter.set(this, counter);
_action.set(this, action);
}
dec() {
let counter = _counter.get(this);
if (counter < 1) return;
counter--;
_counter.set(this, counter);
if (counter === 0) {
_action.get(this)();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();
Private data via symbols
const _counter = Symbol('counter');
const _action = Symbol('action');
class Countdown {
constructor(counter, action) {
this[_counter] = counter;
this[_action] = action;
}
dec() {
if (this[_counter] < 1) return;
this[_counter]--;
if (this[_counter] === 0) {
this[_action]();
}
}
}
const c = new Countdown(2, () => {});
c.dec();
c.dec();

Personally I like the proposal of the bind operator :: and would then combine it with the solution #d13 mentioned but for now stick with #d13 's answer where you use the export keyword for your class and put the private functions in the module.
there is one more solution tough which hasn't been mentioned here that follows are more functional approach and would allow it to have all the private props/methods within the class.
Private.js
export const get = state => key => state[key];
export const set = state => (key,value) => { state[key] = value; }
Test.js
import { get, set } from './utils/Private'
export default class Test {
constructor(initialState = {}) {
const _set = this.set = set(initialState);
const _get = this.get = get(initialState);
this.set('privateMethod', () => _get('propValue'));
}
showProp() {
return this.get('privateMethod')();
}
}
let one = new Test({ propValue: 5});
let two = new Test({ propValue: 8});
two.showProp(); // 8
one.showProp(); // 5
comments on it would be appreciated.

I think Benjamin's answer is probably the best for most cases until the language natively supports explicitly private variables.
However, if for some reason you need to prevent access with Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(), a method I've considered using is attaching a unique, non-configurable, non-enumerable, non-writable property that can be used as a property identifier to each object on construction (such as a unique Symbol, if you don't already have some other unique property like an id). Then just keep a map of each object's 'private' variables using that identifier.
const privateVars = {};
class Something {
constructor(){
Object.defineProperty(this, '_sym', {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: Symbol()
});
var myPrivateVars = {
privateProperty: "I'm hidden"
};
privateVars[this._sym] = myPrivateVars;
this.property = "I'm public";
}
getPrivateProperty() {
return privateVars[this._sym].privateProperty;
}
// A clean up method of some kind is necessary since the
// variables won't be cleaned up from memory automatically
// when the object is garbage collected
destroy() {
delete privateVars[this._sym];
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "I'm public"
console.log(instance.privateProperty); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.getPrivateProperty()); //=> "I'm hidden"
The potential advantage of this approach over using a WeakMap is faster access time if performance becomes a concern.

I believe it is possible to get 'best of both worlds' using closures inside constructors. There are two variations:
All data members are private
function myFunc() {
console.log('Value of x: ' + this.x);
this.myPrivateFunc();
}
function myPrivateFunc() {
console.log('Enhanced value of x: ' + (this.x + 1));
}
class Test {
constructor() {
let internal = {
x : 2,
};
internal.myPrivateFunc = myPrivateFunc.bind(internal);
this.myFunc = myFunc.bind(internal);
}
};
Some members are private
NOTE: This is admittedly ugly. If you know a better solution, please edit this response.
function myFunc(priv, pub) {
pub.y = 3; // The Test object now gets a member 'y' with value 3.
console.log('Value of x: ' + priv.x);
this.myPrivateFunc();
}
function myPrivateFunc() {
pub.z = 5; // The Test object now gets a member 'z' with value 3.
console.log('Enhanced value of x: ' + (priv.x + 1));
}
class Test {
constructor() {
let self = this;
let internal = {
x : 2,
};
internal.myPrivateFunc = myPrivateFunc.bind(null, internal, self);
this.myFunc = myFunc.bind(null, internal, self);
}
};

In fact it is possible using Symbols and Proxies. You use the symbols in the class scope and set two traps in a proxy: one for the class prototype so that the Reflect.ownKeys(instance) or Object.getOwnPropertySymbols doesn't give your symbols away, the other one is for the constructor itself so when new ClassName(attrs) is called, the instance returned will be intercepted and have the own properties symbols blocked.
Here's the code:
const Human = (function() {
const pet = Symbol();
const greet = Symbol();
const Human = privatizeSymbolsInFn(function(name) {
this.name = name; // public
this[pet] = 'dog'; // private
});
Human.prototype = privatizeSymbolsInObj({
[greet]() { // private
return 'Hi there!';
},
revealSecrets() {
console.log(this[greet]() + ` The pet is a ${this[pet]}`);
}
});
return Human;
})();
const bob = new Human('Bob');
console.assert(bob instanceof Human);
console.assert(Reflect.ownKeys(bob).length === 1) // only ['name']
console.assert(Reflect.ownKeys(Human.prototype).length === 1 ) // only ['revealSecrets']
// Setting up the traps inside proxies:
function privatizeSymbolsInObj(target) {
return new Proxy(target, { ownKeys: Object.getOwnPropertyNames });
}
function privatizeSymbolsInFn(Class) {
function construct(TargetClass, argsList) {
const instance = new TargetClass(...argsList);
return privatizeSymbolsInObj(instance);
}
return new Proxy(Class, { construct });
}
Reflect.ownKeys() works like so: Object.getOwnPropertyNames(myObj).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(myObj)) that's why we need a trap for these objects.

Even Typescript can't do it. From their documentation:
When a member is marked private, it cannot be accessed from outside of its containing class. For example:
class Animal {
private name: string;
constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; }
}
new Animal("Cat").name; // Error: 'name' is private;
But transpiled on their playground this gives:
var Animal = (function () {
function Animal(theName) {
this.name = theName;
}
return Animal;
}());
console.log(new Animal("Cat").name);
So their "private" keyword is ineffective.

Coming very late to this party but I hit the OP question in a search so...
Yes, you can have private properties by wrapping the class declaration in a closure
There is an example of how I have private methods in this codepen. In the snippet below, the Subscribable class has two 'private' functions process and processCallbacks. Any properties can be added in this manner and they are kept private through the use of the closure. IMO Privacy is a rare need if concerns are well separated and Javascript does not need to become bloated by adding more syntax when a closure neatly does the job.
const Subscribable = (function(){
const process = (self, eventName, args) => {
self.processing.set(eventName, setTimeout(() => processCallbacks(self, eventName, args)))};
const processCallbacks = (self, eventName, args) => {
if (self.callingBack.get(eventName).length > 0){
const [nextCallback, ...callingBack] = self.callingBack.get(eventName);
self.callingBack.set(eventName, callingBack);
process(self, eventName, args);
nextCallback(...args)}
else {
delete self.processing.delete(eventName)}};
return class {
constructor(){
this.callingBack = new Map();
this.processing = new Map();
this.toCallbacks = new Map()}
subscribe(eventName, callback){
const callbacks = this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback);
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, [...callbacks, callback]);
return () => this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback)} // callable to unsubscribe for convenience
unsubscribe(eventName, callback){
let callbacks = this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || [];
callbacks = callbacks.filter(subscribedCallback => subscribedCallback !== callback);
if (callbacks.length > 0) {
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, callbacks)}
else {
this.toCallbacks.delete(eventName)}
return callbacks}
emit(eventName, ...args){
this.callingBack.set(eventName, this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || []);
if (!this.processing.has(eventName)){
process(this, eventName, args)}}}})();
I like this approach because it separates concerns nicely and keeps things truly private. The only downside is the need to use 'self' (or something similar) to refer to 'this' in the private content.

Yes totally can, and pretty easily too. This is done by exposing your private variables and functions by returning the prototype object graph in the constructor. This is nothing new, but take a bit of js foo to understand the elegance of it. This way does not use global scoped, or weakmaps. It is a form of reflection built into the language. Depending on how you leverage this; one can either force an exception which interrupts the call stack, or bury the exception as an undefined. This is demonstarted below, and can read more about these features here
class Clazz {
constructor() {
var _level = 1
function _private(x) {
return _level * x;
}
return {
level: _level,
public: this.private,
public2: function(x) {
return _private(x);
},
public3: function(x) {
return _private(x) * this.public(x);
},
};
}
private(x) {
return x * x;
}
}
var clazz = new Clazz();
console.log(clazz._level); //undefined
console.log(clazz._private); // undefined
console.log(clazz.level); // 1
console.log(clazz.public(1)); //1
console.log(clazz.public2(2)); //2
console.log(clazz.public3(3)); //27
console.log(clazz.private(0)); //error

class Something {
constructor(){
var _property = "test";
Object.defineProperty(this, "property", {
get: function(){ return _property}
});
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
instance.property = "can read from outside, but can't write";
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"

Another way similar to the last two posted
class Example {
constructor(foo) {
// privates
const self = this;
this.foo = foo;
// public interface
return self.public;
}
public = {
// empty data
nodata: { data: [] },
// noop
noop: () => {},
}
// everything else private
bar = 10
}
const test = new Example('FOO');
console.log(test.foo); // undefined
console.log(test.noop); // { data: [] }
console.log(test.bar); // undefined

I found a very simple solution, just use Object.freeze(). Of course the problem is you can't add nothing to the object later.
class Cat {
constructor(name ,age) {
this.name = name
this.age = age
Object.freeze(this)
}
}
let cat = new Cat('Garfield', 5)
cat.age = 6 // doesn't work, even throws an error in strict mode

This code demonstrates private and public, static and non-static, instance and class-level, variables, methods, and properties.
https://codesandbox.io/s/class-demo-837bj
class Animal {
static count = 0 // class static public
static #ClassPriVar = 3 // class static private
constructor(kind) {
this.kind = kind // instance public property
Animal.count++
let InstancePriVar = 'InstancePriVar: ' + kind // instance private constructor-var
log(InstancePriVar)
Animal.#ClassPriVar += 3
this.adhoc = 'adhoc' // instance public property w/out constructor- parameter
}
#PawCount = 4 // instance private var
set Paws(newPawCount) {
// instance public prop
this.#PawCount = newPawCount
}
get Paws() {
// instance public prop
return this.#PawCount
}
get GetPriVar() {
// instance public prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar
}
static get GetPriVarStat() {
// class public prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar
}
PrintKind() {
// instance public method
log('kind: ' + this.kind)
}
ReturnKind() {
// instance public function
return this.kind
}
/* May be unsupported
get #PrivMeth(){ // instance private prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method'
}
static get #PrivMeth(){ // class private prop
return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method'
}
*/
}
function log(str) {
console.log(str)
}
// TESTING
log(Animal.count) // static, avail w/out instance
log(Animal.GetPriVarStat) // static, avail w/out instance
let A = new Animal('Cat')
log(Animal.count + ': ' + A.kind)
log(A.GetPriVar)
A.PrintKind()
A.Paws = 6
log('Paws: ' + A.Paws)
log('ReturnKind: ' + A.ReturnKind())
log(A.adhoc)
let B = new Animal('Dog')
log(Animal.count + ': ' + B.kind)
log(B.GetPriVar)
log(A.GetPriVar) // returns same as B.GetPriVar. Acts like a class-level property, but called like an instance-level property. It's cuz non-stat fx requires instance.
log('class: ' + Animal.GetPriVarStat)
// undefined
log('instance: ' + B.GetPriVarStat) // static class fx
log(Animal.GetPriVar) // non-stat instance fx
log(A.InstancePriVar) // private
log(Animal.InstancePriVar) // private instance var
log('PawCount: ' + A.PawCount) // private. Use getter
/* log('PawCount: ' + A.#PawCount) // private. Use getter
log('PawCount: ' + Animal.#PawCount) // Instance and private. Use getter */

Reading the previous answer i thought that this example can summarise the above solutions
const friend = Symbol('friend');
const ClassName = ((hidden, hiddenShared = 0) => {
class ClassName {
constructor(hiddenPropertyValue, prop){
this[hidden] = hiddenPropertyValue * ++hiddenShared;
this.prop = prop
}
get hidden(){
console.log('getting hidden');
return this[hidden];
}
set [friend](v){
console.log('setting hiddenShared');
hiddenShared = v;
}
get counter(){
console.log('getting hiddenShared');
return hiddenShared;
}
get privileged(){
console.log('calling privileged method');
return privileged.bind(this);
}
}
function privileged(value){
return this[hidden] + value;
}
return ClassName;
})(Symbol('hidden'), 0);
const OtherClass = (() => class OtherClass extends ClassName {
constructor(v){
super(v, 100);
this[friend] = this.counter - 1;
}
})();
UPDATE
now is it possible to make true private properties and methods (at least on chrome based browsers for now).
The syntax is pretty neat
class MyClass {
#privateProperty = 1
#privateMethod() { return 2 }
static #privateStatic = 3
static #privateStaticMethod(){return 4}
static get #privateStaticGetter(){return 5}
// also using is quite straightforward
method(){
return (
this.#privateMethod() +
this.#privateProperty +
MyClass.#privateStatic +
MyClass.#privateStaticMethod() +
MyClass.#privateStaticGetter
)
}
}
new MyClass().method()
// returns 15
Note that for retrieving static references you wouldn't use this.constructor.#private, because it would brake its subclasses. You must use a reference to the proper class in order to retrieve its static private references (that are available only inside the methods of that class), ie MyClass.#private.

Most answers either say it's impossible, or require you to use a WeakMap or Symbol, which are ES6 features that would probably require polyfills. There's however another way! Check out this out:
// 1. Create closure
var SomeClass = function() {
// 2. Create `key` inside a closure
var key = {};
// Function to create private storage
var private = function() {
var obj = {};
// return Function to access private storage using `key`
return function(testkey) {
if(key === testkey) return obj;
// If `key` is wrong, then storage cannot be accessed
console.error('Cannot access private properties');
return undefined;
};
};
var SomeClass = function() {
// 3. Create private storage
this._ = private();
// 4. Access private storage using the `key`
this._(key).priv_prop = 200;
};
SomeClass.prototype.test = function() {
console.log(this._(key).priv_prop); // Using property from prototype
};
return SomeClass;
}();
// Can access private property from within prototype
var instance = new SomeClass();
instance.test(); // `200` logged
// Cannot access private property from outside of the closure
var wrong_key = {};
instance._(wrong_key); // undefined; error logged
I call this method accessor pattern. The essential idea is that we have a closure, a key inside the closure, and we create a private object (in the constructor) that can only be accessed if you have the key.
If you are interested, you can read more about this in my article. Using this method, you can create per object properties that cannot be accessed outside of the closure. Therefore, you can use them in constructor or prototype, but not anywhere else. I haven't seen this method used anywhere, but I think it's really powerful.

See this answer for a a clean & simple 'class' solution with a private and public interface and support for composition

I use this pattern and it's always worked for me
class Test {
constructor(data) {
class Public {
constructor(prv) {
// public function (must be in constructor on order to access "prv" variable)
connectToDb(ip) {
prv._db(ip, prv._err);
}
}
// public function w/o access to "prv" variable
log() {
console.log("I'm logging");
}
}
// private variables
this._data = data;
this._err = function(ip) {
console.log("could not connect to "+ip);
}
}
// private function
_db(ip, err) {
if(!!ip) {
console.log("connected to "+ip+", sending data '"+this.data+"'");
return true;
}
else err(ip);
}
}
var test = new Test(10),
ip = "185.167.210.49";
test.connectToDb(ip); // true
test.log(); // I'm logging
test._err(ip); // undefined
test._db(ip, function() { console.log("You have got hacked!"); }); // undefined

Should one use getters and setters for private variables?

I'm using JavaScript objects like this:
var obj = new Foob;
should I pretend like there is a private way and do:
obj.get('foo');
or should I just try to access directly as :
obj.foo

You can actually have variables which can only be accessed through setters and getters in Javascript:
function Foob(){
var foo = 5;
this.getFoo = function(){
return foo;
}
this.setFoo = function(newFoo){
foo = newFoo;
return this;
}
}
var obj = new Foob;
obj.getFoo(); // 5
obj.foo; // undefined
Or if you want a generic getter/setter:
function Foob(){
// You can set default values in the data object
var data = {};
this.get = function(key){
return data[key];
}
this.set = function(key, value){
data[key] = value;
return this;
}
}

One least known feature of Javascript is that it supports getters and setters natively.
When defining a property, you can either define it simply by :
someObj.prop = 12;
OR you can define getters and setters , using Object.defineProperty and the reserved words get and set :
Object.defineProperty ( someObj, "prop" ,
{ get : function () { return ??; } ,
set : function (val) { /* store val */ } } ;
A way of using such getters/setters inside a 'class' to get a private variable would be :
var MyClass = function() {
var _private = 5;
Object.defineProperty(this, "public", {
get : function() { return _private; },
set : function(val) { _private=val; }
});
return this;
};
var anInstance = new MyClass();
anInstance.public = 12 ;
console.log(anInstance.public) ; // writes 12
console.log(anInstance._private) ; // writes undefined.
so you have a truly private variable, armed with a getter and a setter.
Obviously, there is not much interest to use getters/setters code , unless you want to make bound-checking/type-checking or have a another specific reason.

I used to like the idea of getters and setters when I started using object-oriented JavaScript heavily, but that is because I was coming from a Java background.
ES5 supports getters and setters through a special syntax
See John Resig's explanation:
http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-getters-and-setters/
My take is to think about why getters/setters are useful. It's so one has a way to encapsulate a variable's access so that it can be intercepted / controlled. If calling code directly mutates another object's instances variables, then you can't change it transparently. Needing to catch all of these mutations requires changing variable scope, adding a getter and setter and altering all calling code.
However, this syntax is transparent to calling code. Therefore, you can simply allow a property to be directly controlled and then if you need to intercept it, to say add a console.log for debugging, you can ADD a getter and setter and it will just work.
function Foob() {
}
Foob.prototype = {
get foo() {
return this._foo;
},
set foo(foo) {
this._foo = foo;
}
};
var o = new Foob();
console.log(o.foo);
The downside to the getter/setter syntax is that it doesn't actually make your variable private, it only "hides" it so that you can use some secret internal name, unless you define it within the constructor as Vincent indicated.
To get truly private:
function Foob() {
var foo;
this.__defineGetter__('foo', function () {
return foo;
});
this.__defineSetter__('foo', function (_foo) {
foo = _foo;
});
}
var o = new Foob();
console.log(o.foo);

creating a public method on a constructor function: Why use the prototype keyword?

If I create a constructor function BlahWidget and give it 2 public methods: publicHello and secondHello. I assign publicHello directly inside the widget using 'this' but use the prototype object to assign the secondHello method, what difference does that really make to the behaviour of the 2 methods on the widget?
var BlahWidget = function(){
this.publicHello = function(){
alert("Hello");
}
};
BlahWidget.prototype.secondHello = function(){
alert("Second Hello");
}
My understanding was that using .prototype allows it to be called by inherited objects. But turns out that this is not the case. Both methods can be called by the inherited function objects, as shown below:
var MiniBlah = function(){
this.callSupers = function(){
this.publicHello();
this.secondHello();
}
}
MiniBlah.prototype = new BlahWidget();
MiniBlah.prototype.constructor = MiniBlah;
var x = new MiniBlah();
x.callSupers();//calls both publicHello and secondHello

The difference is that functions declared on the prototype object are shared across instances of objects created by a constructor function whereas functions declared inside of the body of a constructor function are not, they belong to the object constructed from the function.
What this means in practice is that you could create a load of objects from a constructor function with a function on the prototype doing X, then change that function on the prototype to do Y and all object instances will get the new functionality of the function.
An example
var BlahWidget = function(){
this.publicHello = function(){
console.log("Hello");
}
};
BlahWidget.prototype.secondHello = function(){
console.log("Second Hello");
}
var blah1 = new BlahWidget();
var blah2 = new BlahWidget();
blah2.publicHello = function() {
console.log("Goodbye");
}
blah1.secondHello(); // logs SecondHello
blah2.secondHello(); // logs SecondHello
BlahWidget.prototype.secondHello = function(){
console.log("Second Goodbye");
}
blah1.secondHello(); // logs Second Goodbye
blah2.secondHello(); // logs Second Goodbye
blah1.publicHello(); // logs Hello
blah2.publicHello(); // logs Goodbye

Every single instance of "BlahWidget" will have its own distinct copy of the "publicHello" function.
Also, though this is just academic, I'm not sure I'd say that "prototype" is a keyword; it's more like a "special property name".

In JavaScript Functions are so powerful to build OOPs and modular concepts. Following concepts are implemented using Function only in JavaScript:
Method
Class
Constructor
Module
Below code shows the code which create class MyClass and it has private members:
function MyClass(a) {
var count = 3; // private member
// this check function is private function
function check() {
if (count > 0) {
count--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
this._a = a;
this.get = function () {
if (check()) { // use of private function
return this._a;
}
else {
return "Thullu"; // after invoking get method 3 times in the object this else will be executed
}
}
}
In the above code variable, count is private as any object created from MyClass will not have this variable similarly function check() is private function as this function is not part of this in the MyClass. When we create an object of MyClass using new keyword this is returned. This concept is possible in JavaScript because of lexical scoping (functional scoping).
When we create object of this class MyClass, and call the get method more than 3 times:
I would like to write few points regarding new keyword.
When a function is called with the new operator, a new object is created with prototype members and assigned to this.
Above statement is true only if there is no explicit return value in the function. If explicit return is present in Class (function), then same return will be assigned to the object.
I would like to give here one more example with very basic functionality like in all OOP languages we have. We declare private field and then use public properties to expose the private field, in more formal and OOPs way we create Get and Set method to update private field or retrieve private member of class.
Same get and set functionality for private variables in JavaScript we can achieve as shown in below example:
// private class with get and set methods
function MyClass() {
var _privateField = 0; // It is private field as it is not part of "this"
this.GetPrivateField = function () {
return _privateField;
};
this.SetPrivateField = function (value) {
_privateField = value;
};
}