I've got an array of arrays, something like:
[
[1,2,3],
[1,2,3],
[1,2,3],
]
I would like to transpose it to get the following array:
[
[1,1,1],
[2,2,2],
[3,3,3],
]
It's not difficult to programmatically do so using loops:
function transposeArray(array, arrayLength){
var newArray = [];
for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
newArray.push([]);
};
for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
for(var j = 0; j < arrayLength; j++){
newArray[j].push(array[i][j]);
};
};
return newArray;
}
This, however, seems bulky, and I feel like there should be an easier way to do it. Is there?
output = array[0].map((_, colIndex) => array.map(row => row[colIndex]));
map calls a provided callback function once for each element in an array, in order, and constructs a new array from the results. callback is invoked only for indexes of the array which have assigned values; it is not invoked for indexes which have been deleted or which have never been assigned values.
callback is invoked with three arguments: the value of the element, the index of the element, and the Array object being traversed. [source]
Many good answers here! I consolidated them into one answer and updated some of the code for a more modern syntax:
One-liners inspired by Fawad Ghafoor and Óscar Gómez Alcañiz
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix[0].map((col, i) => matrix.map(row => row[i]));
}
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix[0].map((col, c) => matrix.map((row, r) => matrix[r][c]));
}
Functional approach style with reduce by Andrew Tatomyr
function transpose(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []);
}
Lodash/Underscore by marcel
function tranpose(matrix) {
return _.zip(...matrix);
}
// Without spread operator.
function transpose(matrix) {
return _.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])
}
Even simpler Lodash/Underscore solution by Vigrant
_.unzip(matrix);
Vanilla approach
function transpose(matrix) {
const rows = matrix.length, cols = matrix[0].length;
const grid = [];
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
grid[j] = Array(rows);
}
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
grid[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
return grid;
}
Vanilla in-place ES6 approach inspired by Emanuel Saringan
function transpose(matrix) {
for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
const temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
matrix[j][i] = temp;
}
}
}
// Using destructing
function transpose(matrix) {
for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
[matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]] = [matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j]];
}
}
}
here is my implementation in modern browser (without dependency):
transpose = m => m[0].map((x,i) => m.map(x => x[i]))
You could use underscore.js
_.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])
shortest way with lodash/underscore and es6:
_.zip(...matrix)
where matrix could be:
const matrix = [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]];
Neat and pure:
[[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []); // [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5]]
Previous solutions may lead to failure in case an empty array is provided.
Here it is as a function:
function transpose(array) {
return array.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
(prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []);
}
console.log(transpose([[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]]));
Update.
It can be written even better with spread operator:
const transpose = matrix => matrix.reduce(
($, row) => row.map((_, i) => [...($[i] || []), row[i]]),
[]
)
You can do it in in-place by doing only one pass:
function transpose(arr,arrLen) {
for (var i = 0; i < arrLen; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j <i; j++) {
//swap element[i,j] and element[j,i]
var temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = arr[j][i];
arr[j][i] = temp;
}
}
}
Just another variation using Array.map. Using indexes allows to transpose matrices where M != N:
// Get just the first row to iterate columns first
var t = matrix[0].map(function (col, c) {
// For each column, iterate all rows
return matrix.map(function (row, r) {
return matrix[r][c];
});
});
All there is to transposing is mapping the elements column-first, and then by row.
Another approach by iterating the array from outside to inside and reduce the matrix by mapping inner values.
const
transpose = array => array.reduce((r, a) => a.map((v, i) => [...(r[i] || []), v]), []),
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]];
console.log(transpose(matrix));
If you have an option of using Ramda JS and ES6 syntax, then here's another way to do it:
const transpose = a => R.map(c => R.map(r => r[c], a), R.keys(a[0]));
console.log(transpose([
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 10, 11, 12]
])); // => [[1,5,9],[2,6,10],[3,7,11],[4,8,12]]
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ramda/0.22.1/ramda.min.js"></script>
If using RamdaJS is an option, this can be achieved in one line: R.transpose(myArray)
Spread syntax should not be used as an alternative to push, it should only be used when you don't want to mutate the existing array.
Algorithm:
For every column, just check if for that column there's a row in the resultant matrix, if there's already a row then simply push the element, else create a new row array and then push.
So, unlike many other solutions above, this solution doesn't create new arrays again and again, instead pushes onto the same array.
Also, take some time to appreciate the use of the Nullish Coalescing Operator.
const
transpose = arr => arr.reduce((m, r) => (r.forEach((v, i) => (m[i] ??= [], m[i].push(v))), m), []),
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]
console.log(transpose(matrix))
You can achieve this without loops by using the following.
Array
Array.prototype.map
Array.prototype.reduce
Array.prototype.join
String.prototype.split
It looks very elegant and it does not require any dependencies such as jQuery of Underscore.js.
function transpose(matrix) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[j][i];
});
});
}
function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return Math.max(result, row.length);
}, 0);
}
function zeroFill(n) {
return new Array(n+1).join('0').split('').map(Number);
}
Minified
function transpose(m){return zeroFill(m.reduce(function(m,r){return Math.max(m,r.length)},0)).map(function(r,i){return zeroFill(m.length).map(function(c,j){return m[j][i]})})}function zeroFill(n){return new Array(n+1).join("0").split("").map(Number)}
Here is a demo I threw together. Notice the lack of loops :-)
// Create a 5 row, by 9 column matrix.
var m = CoordinateMatrix(5, 9);
// Make the matrix an irregular shape.
m[2] = m[2].slice(0, 5);
m[4].pop();
// Transpose and print the matrix.
println(formatMatrix(transpose(m)));
function Matrix(rows, cols, defaultVal) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return arrayFill(cols, defaultVal);
});
}
function ZeroMatrix(rows, cols) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(cols);
});
}
function CoordinateMatrix(rows, cols) {
return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(cols).map(function(c, j) {
return [i, j];
});
});
}
function AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, rowFn) {
return zeroFill(rows).map(function(r, i) {
return rowFn(r, i);
});
}
/** Matrix functions. */
function formatMatrix(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return result + row.join('\t') + '\n';
}, '');
}
function copy(matrix) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[i][j];
});
});
}
function transpose(matrix) {
return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
return matrix[j][i];
});
});
}
function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
return Math.max(result, row.length);
}, 0);
}
/** Array fill functions. */
function zeroFill(n) {
return new Array(n+1).join('0').split('').map(Number);
}
function arrayFill(n, defaultValue) {
return zeroFill(n).map(function(value) {
return defaultValue || value;
});
}
/** Print functions. */
function print(str) {
str = Array.isArray(str) ? str.join(' ') : str;
return document.getElementById('out').innerHTML += str || '';
}
function println(str) {
print.call(null, [].slice.call(arguments, 0).concat(['<br />']));
}
#out {
white-space: pre;
}
<div id="out"></div>
I found the above answers either hard to read or too verbose, so I write one myself. And I think this is most intuitive way to implement transpose in linear algebra, you don't do value exchange, but just insert each element into the right place in the new matrix:
function transpose(matrix) {
const rows = matrix.length
const cols = matrix[0].length
let grid = []
for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
grid[col] = []
}
for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
grid[col][row] = matrix[row][col]
}
}
return grid
}
Edit: This answer would not transpose the matrix, but rotate it. I didn't read the question carefully in the first place :D
clockwise and counterclockwise rotation:
function rotateCounterClockwise(a){
var n=a.length;
for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
var tmp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[j][n-i-1];
a[j][n-i-1]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[n-j-1][i];
a[n-j-1][i]=tmp;
}
}
return a;
}
function rotateClockwise(a) {
var n=a.length;
for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
var tmp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[n-j-1][i];
a[n-j-1][i]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[j][n-i-1];
a[j][n-i-1]=tmp;
}
}
return a;
}
const transpose = array => array[0].map((r, i) => array.map(c => c[i]));
console.log(transpose([[2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7]]));
ES6 1liners as :
let invert = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]))
so same as Óscar's, but as would you rather rotate it clockwise :
let rotate = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]).reverse())
let a = [
[1,1,1]
, ["_","_","1"]
]
let b = rotate(a);
let c = rotate(b);
let d = rotate(c);
console.log(`a ${a.join("\na ")}`);
console.log(`b ${b.join("\nb ")}`);
console.log(`c ${c.join("\nc ")}`);
console.log(`d ${d.join("\nd ")}`);
Yields
a 1,1,1
a _,_,1
b _,1
b _,1
b 1,1
c 1,_,_
c 1,1,1
d 1,1
d 1,_
d 1,_
I think this is slightly more readable. It uses Array.from and logic is identical to using nested loops:
var arr = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[1, 2, 3, 4]
];
/*
* arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
* arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
*/
var result = Array.from({ length: arr[0].length }, function(x, row) {
return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
return arr[col][row];
});
});
console.log(result);
If you are dealing with arrays of unequal length you need to replace arr[0].length with something else:
var arr = [
[1, 2],
[1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 4]
];
/*
* arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
* arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
*/
var result = Array.from({ length: arr.reduce(function(max, item) { return item.length > max ? item.length : max; }, 0) }, function(x, row) {
return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
return arr[col][row];
});
});
console.log(result);
I didn't find an answer that satisfied me, so I wrote one myself, I think it is easy to understand and implement and suitable for all situations.
transposeArray: function (mat) {
let newMat = [];
for (let j = 0; j < mat[0].length; j++) { // j are columns
let temp = [];
for (let i = 0; i < mat.length; i++) { // i are rows
temp.push(mat[i][j]); // so temp will be the j(th) column in mat
}
newMat.push(temp); // then just push every column in newMat
}
return newMat;
}
Since nobody so far mentioned a functional recursive approach here is my take. An adaptation of Haskell's Data.List.transpose.
var transpose = as => as.length ? as[0].length ? [as.reduce((rs, a) => a.length ? (rs.push(a[0]), rs) :
rs, []
), ...transpose(as.map(a => a.slice(1)))] :
transpose(as.slice(1)) :
[],
mtx = [
[1],
[1, 2],
[1, 2, 3]
];
console.log(transpose(mtx))
.as-console-wrapper {
max-height: 100% !important
}
Adding TS version here.
const transpose = <T>(m: Array<Array<T>>): Array<Array<T>> => m[0].map((_, i) => m.map(x => x[i]));
One-liner that does not change given array.
a[0].map((col, i) => a.map(([...row]) => row[i]))
This one, is not only a super efficient one, but a pretty short solution.
Algorithm Time Complexity: O(n log n)
const matrix = [
[1,1,1,1],
[2,2,2,2],
[3,3,3,3],
[4,4,4,4]
];
matrix.every((r, i, a) => (
r.every((_, j) => (
j = a.length-j-1,
[ r[j], a[j][i] ] = [ a[j][i], r[j] ],
i < j-1
)),
i < length-2
));
console.log(matrix);
/*
Prints:
[
[1,2,3,4],
[1,2,3,4],
[1,2,3,4],
[1,2,3,4]
]
*/
The example above will do only 6 iterations.
For bigger matrix, say 100x100 it will do 4,900 iterations, this is 51% faster than any other solution provided here.
The principle is simple, you on only iterate through the upper diagonal half of the matrix, because the diagonal line never changes and the bottom diagonal half being is switched together with the upper one, so there is no reason to iterate through it as well. This way, you save a lot of running time, especially in a large matrix.
function invertArray(array,arrayWidth,arrayHeight) {
var newArray = [];
for (x=0;x<arrayWidth;x++) {
newArray[x] = [];
for (y=0;y<arrayHeight;y++) {
newArray[x][y] = array[y][x];
}
}
return newArray;
}
reverseValues(values) {
let maxLength = values.reduce((acc, val) => Math.max(val.length, acc), 0);
return [...Array(maxLength)].map((val, index) => values.map((v) => v[index]));
}
The problem is to find the unique number in a array such as [2,2,2,5].
The output should be 5 as it is the 1 unique element in the array.
I have attempted this:
function findUniq(arr) {
var b= arr[0];
var c;
for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
{
if(arr[i]===b )
{
b=arr[i]
}
else
{
c=arr[i];
}
}
return c
console.log(findUniq([3, 5, 3, 3, 3]))
This works fine unless the unique number is the first element in the array. How do I fix this?
You can use indexOf and lastIndexOf to see if a value occurs more than once in the array (if it does, they will be different), and if so, it is not the unique value. Use filter to process the array:
let array = [2,2,2,5];
console.log(array.filter(v => array.indexOf(v) === array.lastIndexOf(v)));
array = [5,3,3,3,3];
console.log(array.filter(v => array.indexOf(v) === array.lastIndexOf(v)));
array = [4,4,5,4];
console.log(array.filter(v => array.indexOf(v) === array.lastIndexOf(v)));
You can create a recursive function that will take the first element of the array and see if it exists in the rest of it, if it does, it will take the next element and do the same, return the element if it doesn't exist in the rest of the array :
const arr = [3, 3, 3, 5, 3];
const find = arr => {
const [f, ...rest] = arr;
if(rest.includes(f))
return find(rest);
else
return f;
}
const result = find(arr);
console.log(result);
Note that this will return the last element if all of them are the same [3,3,3] will return 3
Try something like this using a set, which only stores unique elements:
var set = new Set(arr);
// count instances of each element in set
result = {};
for(var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
if(!result[arr[i]])
result[arr[i]] = 0;
++result[arr[i]];
}
for (var value in result) {
if (value == 1) {
return value;
}
}
// if there isn't any
return false;
This should work, please tell me if it doesn't.
This is another implementation that is surely less efficient than that of #Nick's, but it is a valid algorithm anyway:
function findUniq(arr) {
var elemCount = new Map();
var uniq = [];
// Initialize elements conts
for (var k of arr.values()) {
elemCount.set(k, 0);
}
// Count elements
for (var k of arr.values()) {
elemCount.set(k, elemCount.get(k) + 1);
}
// Add uniq elements to array
for (var [k, v] of elemCount.entries()) {
if (v === 1) uniq.push(k);
}
return uniq;
}
console.log(findUniq([3, 5, 3, 3, 3]))
if you prefer .reduce over .map for your use case (for performance/etc. reasons):
function existance(data) {
return data.reduce((a, c) => (data.indexOf(c) === data.lastIndexOf(c)) ? a.concat(c) : a, []);
}
console.log(existance([1,1,1,2]));
console.log(existance([1,1,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6]));
I'm trying to create a function that puts each array element in its own array, recursively.
I think my base case is correct, but my recursive call doesn't appear to be working. any insight?
function ownList(arr){
if (arr.length === 1) {
arr[0] = [arr[0]];
return;
} else {
return arr[0].concat(ownList(arr.slice(1)));
}
}
var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(ownList(arr))// returns []
//should return [[1],[2],[3]]
Here I'm trying to put each pair in it's own list (recursive only). This code below is correct (update)
function ownListPair(arr){
if (arr.length === 0)
return arr;
else if(arr.length === 1)
return [[arr[0], 0]];
else
return [[arr[0], arr[1]]].concat(ownListPair(arr.slice(2)));
}
// var arr = [3,6,8,1,5]
var arr = [2,7,8,3,1,4]
//returns [ [ 2, 7 ], [ 8, 3 ], [ 1, 4 ]]
console.log(ownListPair(arr))
I prefer this solution for several reasons:
function ownList(a) {
return a.length == 0
? []
: [[a[0]]].concat(ownList(a.slice(1)))
}
It's shorter and more concise
It works for empty arrays as well
The actual wrapping happens only once in the last line. Treating length == 1 separately -- as suggested by others -- is not necessary.
It would more appropriate to make a length of 0 be the null case. Then you just have to get the brackets right. The thing on the left side of the concat should be an array consisting of the array containing the first element.
function ownList(arr) {
return arr.length ? [[arr[0]]].concat(ownList(arr.slice(1))) : [];
}
Here's an alternative, take your pick:
function ownList(arr) {
return arr.length ? [[arr.shift()]] . concat(ownList(arr)) : [];
}
Using a bit of ES6 magic for readability:
function ownList([head, ...tail]) {
return head === undefined ? [] : [[head]] . concat(ownList(tail));
}
Here the [head, ...tail] is using parameter destructuring which pulls the argument apart into its first element (head) and an array of remaining ones (tail).
Instead of concat you could also use the array constructor:
function ownList([head, ...tail]) {
return head === undefined ? [] : Array([head], ...ownList(tail));
}
I think your basic assumption is wrong. What you need to do is check if each item in the array is an array, if not just add the item to the new array, if so have the function run itself on the array item.
That is recursion.
This code does that kind of recursion...
function ownList(arr)
{
var newArr = [];
var length = arr.length;
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (typeof(arr[i]) === 'object') {
newArr.push(ownList(arr[i]));
continue;
}
newArr.push([arr[i]]);
}
return newArr;
}
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(ownList(arr));
Would something like this work:
var arr = [1, 2, 3, ["a", "b", "c", ["str"]]],
result = [];
function flatten(input){
input.forEach(function(el){
if(Array.isArray(el)){
flatten(el)
}else{
result.push([el]);
}
});
}
flatten(arr);
console.log(JSON.stringify(result));
//[[1],[2],[3],["a"],["b"],["c"],["str"]]
JSBIN
Edit:
var result = [];
function flatten(input){
if (input.length === 0){
console.log( "result", result ); //[[1],[2],[3],["a"],["b"],["c"],["str"]]
return;
}
//if zeroth el of input !array, push to result
if (!Array.isArray(input[0])){
result.push(input.splice(0, 1));
flatten(input);
}else{
flatten(input[0]); //else, give input[0] back to flatten
}
}
window.onload = function(){
var arr = [1, 2, 3, ["a", "b", "c", ["str"]]];
flatten(arr);
}
JSBIN
After struggling through this today, turns out that this works :)
function ownList(arr){
//base case:
if (arr.length === 1) {
return [arr];
}
//recurse
//have to do two brackets here --> (arr.slice(0,1)) since length > 1
return [arr.slice(0,1)].concat(ownList(arr.slice(1)));
}
var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(ownList(arr))// returns [[1],[2],[3]]