I need your help. I'm currently trying to apply a part of this answered SO question to a library I'm using to generate a PNG:
How can I colour different words in the same line with HTML5 Canvas?
This is how I call my function:
let fs = require('fs');
let text2png = require('text2png');
let text = '{#ff0000ES}KISTAFÜNF\nZEHNZWANZIG\nDREIVIERTEL\nVORFUNKNACH\nHALBEALFÜNF\nEINSXAMZWEI\nDREIPMJVIER\nSECHSNLACHT\nSIEBENZWÖLF\nZEHNEUNKUHR';
text = text.split('').join(' '); // Fake letter spacing
fs.writeFileSync('test2.png', text2png(text,
{
color: 'gray',
textAlign: 'center',
lineSpacing: 30,
font: '100px sans-serif'
}
));
This is the text2png function which I modified:
const text2png = (text, options = {}) => {
// Options
options = parseOptions(options);
// Register a custom font
if (options.localFontPath && options.localFontName) {
registerFont(options.localFontPath, {family: options.localFontName});
}
const canvas = createCanvas(0, 0);
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
const max = {
left: 0,
right: 0,
ascent: 0,
descent: 0
};
let lastDescent;
const lineProps = text.split("\n").map(line => {
ctx.font = options.font;
const metrics = ctx.measureText(line);
const left = -1 * metrics.actualBoundingBoxLeft;
const right = metrics.actualBoundingBoxRight;
const ascent = metrics.actualBoundingBoxAscent;
const descent = metrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent;
max.left = Math.max(max.left, left);
max.right = Math.max(max.right, right);
max.ascent = Math.max(max.ascent, ascent);
max.descent = Math.max(max.descent, descent);
lastDescent = descent;
return {line, left, right, ascent, descent};
});
const lineHeight = max.ascent + max.descent + options.lineSpacing;
const contentWidth = max.left + max.right;
const contentHeight =
lineHeight * lineProps.length -
options.lineSpacing -
(max.descent - lastDescent);
canvas.width =
contentWidth +
options.borderLeftWidth +
options.borderRightWidth +
options.paddingLeft +
options.paddingRight;
canvas.height =
contentHeight +
options.borderTopWidth +
options.borderBottomWidth +
options.paddingTop +
options.paddingBottom;
const hasBorder =
false ||
options.borderLeftWidth ||
options.borderTopWidth ||
options.borderRightWidth ||
options.borderBottomWidth;
if (hasBorder) {
ctx.fillStyle = options.borderColor;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
if (options.backgroundColor) {
ctx.fillStyle = options.backgroundColor;
ctx.fillRect(
options.borderLeftWidth,
options.borderTopWidth,
canvas.width - (options.borderLeftWidth + options.borderRightWidth),
canvas.height - (options.borderTopWidth + options.borderBottomWidth)
);
} else if (hasBorder) {
ctx.clearRect(
options.borderLeftWidth,
options.borderTopWidth,
canvas.width - (options.borderLeftWidth + options.borderRightWidth),
canvas.height - (options.borderTopWidth + options.borderBottomWidth)
);
}
ctx.font = options.font;
ctx.fillStyle = options.textColor;
ctx.antialias = "gray";
ctx.textAlign = options.textAlign;
ctx.lineWidth = options.strokeWidth;
ctx.strokeStyle = options.strokeColor;
let offsetY = options.borderTopWidth + options.paddingTop;
lineProps.forEach(lineProp => {
// Calculate Y
let x = 0;
let y = max.ascent + offsetY;
// Calculate X
switch (options.textAlign) {
case "start":
case "left":
x = lineProp.left + options.borderLeftWidth + options.paddingLeft;
break;
case "end":
case "right":
x =
canvas.width -
lineProp.left -
options.borderRightWidth -
options.paddingRight;
break;
case "center":
x = contentWidth / 2 + options.borderLeftWidth + options.paddingLeft;
break;
}
let i = 0;
let inlineColorMarker = '{}';
let state = [];
let subText = '';
while (i < lineProp.line.length) {
let letter = lineProp.line[i];
let wordCharCode = lineProp.line.charCodeAt(i);
if (wordCharCode < 256) {
if (inlineColorMarker.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
if (subText !== '') {
renderText(subText);
subText = '';
}
if (letter === '{') { // Word color delimiter
state.push({
textColor: options.textColor,
x: x,
y: y,
});
var t = text[i];
console.log(t);
if (t === '#') {
console.log(text.substr(i, 7));
options.textColor = text.substr(i, 7);
i += 6;
}
} else if (letter === '}') {
var s = state.pop();
y = s.y;
options.textColor = s.textColor;
}
} else {
subText += letter;
}
}
i++;
}
function renderText(text) {
ctx.save();
ctx.fillStyle = options.textColor;
ctx.translate(x, y)
// ctx.scale(scale, scale)
ctx.fillText(text, 0, 0);
if (options.strokeWidth > 0) {
ctx.strokeText(lineProp.line, x, y);
}
ctx.restore();
}
// ctx.fillText(lineProp.line, x, y);
// if (options.strokeWidth > 0) {
// ctx.strokeText(lineProp.line, x, y);
// }
offsetY += lineHeight;
});
switch (options.output) {
case "buffer":
return canvas.toBuffer();
case "stream":
return canvas.createPNGStream();
case "dataURL":
return canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
case "canvas":
return canvas;
default:
throw new Error(`output type:${options.output} is not supported.`);
}
};
function parseOptions(options) {
return {
font: or(options.font, "30px sans-serif"),
textAlign: or(options.textAlign, "left"),
textColor: or(options.textColor, options.color, "black"),
backgroundColor: or(options.bgColor, options.backgroundColor, null),
lineSpacing: or(options.lineSpacing, 0),
strokeWidth: or(options.strokeWidth, 0),
strokeColor: or(options.strokeColor, "white"),
paddingLeft: or(options.paddingLeft, options.padding, 0),
paddingTop: or(options.paddingTop, options.padding, 0),
paddingRight: or(options.paddingRight, options.padding, 0),
paddingBottom: or(options.paddingBottom, options.padding, 0),
borderLeftWidth: or(options.borderLeftWidth, options.borderWidth, 0),
borderTopWidth: or(options.borderTopWidth, options.borderWidth, 0),
borderBottomWidth: or(options.borderBottomWidth, options.borderWidth, 0),
borderRightWidth: or(options.borderRightWidth, options.borderWidth, 0),
borderColor: or(options.borderColor, "black"),
localFontName: or(options.localFontName, null),
localFontPath: or(options.localFontPath, null),
output: or(options.output, "buffer")
};
}
function or() {
for (let arg of arguments) {
if (typeof arg !== "undefined") {
return arg;
}
}
return arguments[arguments.length - 1];
}
module.exports = text2png;
Somehow I'm missing something because it's just drawing the first line and also without any colors in the first 2 letters:
Make the following changes.
At top of code (very first line) add the directive "use strict"; This would have throw an error where the problem is.
In the while loop you have
var t = text[i]; // no such thing as text
// i pointing to wrong position
console.log(t);
if (t === '#') {
console.log(text.substr(i, 7)); // text is undefined
options.textColor = text.substr(i, 7); // text is undefined
i += 6; // wrong step as i has wrong value
}
Change to
if (lineProp.line[i + 1] === '#') {
options.textColor = lineProp.line.substr(++i, 7); // must be ++i DO NOT use i++
i += 6;
}
I have two objects a parent (red) and a child (blue). The parent object is fixed and can't be moved, only the child object is movable and the child is always bigger than the parent. In whatever way the child object is moved it should always be contained inside the child, which means we should never see the red rectangle.
Demo: https://codesandbox.io/s/force-contain-of-object-inside-another-object-fabric-js-7nt7q
I know there are solutions to contain an object within the canvas or other object boundaries (ex. Move object within canvas boundary limit) which mainly force the top/right/bottom/left values to not exceed the parent values, but here we have the case of two rotated objects by the same degree.
I have a real-life scenario when a user uploads a photo to a frame container. The photo is normally always bigger than the frame container. The user can move the photo inside the frame, but he should not be allowed to create any empty spaces, the photo should always be contained inside the photo frame.
I would go with a pure canvas (no fabricjs), do it from scratch that way you understand well the problem you are facing, then if you need it that same logic should be easily portable to any library.
You have some rules:
The parent object is fixed and can't be moved,
The child object is movable.
The child is always bigger than the parent.
The child object is always constrained by the parent.
So my idea is to get all four corners, that way on the move we can use those coordinates to determine if it can be moved to the new location or not, the code should be easy to follow, but ask if you have any concerns.
I'm using the ray-casting algorithm:
https://github.com/substack/point-in-polygon/blob/master/index.js
With that, all we need to do is check that the corners of the child are not inside the parent and that the parent is inside the child, that is all.
I'm no expert with FabricJS so my best might not be much...
but below is my attempt to get your code going.
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="350"></canvas>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fabric.js/3.6.2/fabric.min.js"></script>
<script>
var canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");
canvas.stateful = true;
function getCoords(rect) {
var x = rect.left;
var y = rect.top;
var angle = (rect.angle * Math.PI) / 180;
var coords = [{ x, y }];
x += rect.width * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.width * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
angle += Math.PI / 2;
x += rect.height * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.height * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
angle += Math.PI / 2;
x += rect.width * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.width * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
return coords;
}
function inside(p, vs) {
var inside = false;
for (var i = 0, j = vs.length - 1; i < vs.length; j = i++) {
var xi = vs[i].x, yi = vs[i].y;
var xj = vs[j].x, yj = vs[j].y;
var intersect =
yi > p.y !== yj > p.y && p.x < ((xj - xi) * (p.y - yi)) / (yj - yi) + xi;
if (intersect) inside = !inside;
}
return inside;
}
var parent = new fabric.Rect({
width: 150, height: 100, left: 200, top: 50, angle: 25, selectable: false, fill: "red"
});
var pCoords = getCoords(parent);
var child = new fabric.Rect({
width: 250, height: 175, left: 180, top: 10, angle: 25, hasControls: false, fill: "rgba(0,0,255,0.9)"
});
canvas.add(parent);
canvas.add(child);
canvas.on("object:moving", function (e) {
var cCoords = getCoords(e.target);
var inBounds = true;
cCoords.forEach(c => { if (inside(c, pCoords)) inBounds = false; });
pCoords.forEach(c => { if (!inside(c, cCoords)) inBounds = false; });
if (inBounds) {
e.target.setCoords();
e.target.saveState();
e.target.set("fill", "rgba(0,0,255,0.9)");
} else {
e.target.set("fill", "black");
e.target.animate({
left: e.target._stateProperties.left,
top: e.target._stateProperties.top
},{
duration: 500,
onChange: canvas.renderAll.bind(canvas),
easing: fabric.util.ease["easeInBounce"],
onComplete: function() {
e.target.set("fill", "rgba(0,0,255,0.9)");
}
});
}
});
</script>
That code is on sandbox as well:
https://codesandbox.io/s/force-contain-of-object-inside-another-object-fabric-js-dnvb5
It certainly is nice not to worry about coding all the click/hold/drag fabric makes that real easy...
I was experimenting with FabricJS and there a nice property of the canvas
(canvas.stateful = true;)
that allows us to keep track of where we've been, and if we go out of bounds we can revert that movement, also playing with animate that gives the user visual feedback that the movement is not allowed.
Here is another version without animation:
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="350"></canvas>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fabric.js/3.6.2/fabric.min.js"></script>
<script>
var canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");
canvas.stateful = true;
function getCoords(rect) {
var x = rect.left;
var y = rect.top;
var angle = (rect.angle * Math.PI) / 180;
var coords = [{ x, y }];
x += rect.width * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.width * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
angle += Math.PI / 2;
x += rect.height * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.height * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
angle += Math.PI / 2;
x += rect.width * Math.cos(angle);
y += rect.width * Math.sin(angle);
coords.push({ x, y });
return coords;
}
function inside(p, vs) {
var inside = false;
for (var i = 0, j = vs.length - 1; i < vs.length; j = i++) {
var xi = vs[i].x, yi = vs[i].y;
var xj = vs[j].x, yj = vs[j].y;
var intersect =
yi > p.y !== yj > p.y && p.x < ((xj - xi) * (p.y - yi)) / (yj - yi) + xi;
if (intersect) inside = !inside;
}
return inside;
}
var parent = new fabric.Rect({
width: 150, height: 100, left: 200, top: 50, angle: 25, selectable: false, fill: "red"
});
var pCoords = getCoords(parent);
var child = new fabric.Rect({
width: 250, height: 175, left: 180, top: 10, angle: 25, hasControls: false, fill: "rgba(0,0,255,0.9)"
});
canvas.add(parent);
canvas.add(child);
canvas.on("object:moving", function (e) {
var cCoords = getCoords(e.target);
var inBounds = true;
cCoords.forEach(c => { if (inside(c, pCoords)) inBounds = false; });
pCoords.forEach(c => { if (!inside(c, cCoords)) inBounds = false; });
if (inBounds) {
e.target.setCoords();
e.target.saveState();
} else {
e.target.left = e.target._stateProperties.left;
e.target.top = e.target._stateProperties.top;
}
});
</script>
This algorithm also opens the door for other shapes as well, here is a hexagon version:
https://raw.githack.com/heldersepu/hs-scripts/master/HTML/canvas_contained2.html
you can just create the new Class, with your object inside, and do all actions only with parent of the children, something like this:
fabric.RectWithRect = fabric.util.createClass(fabric.Rect, {
type: 'rectWithRect',
textOffsetLeft: 0,
textOffsetTop: 0,
_prevObjectStacking: null,
_prevAngle: 0,
minWidth: 50,
minHeight: 50,
_currentScaleFactorX: 1,
_currentScaleFactorY: 1,
_lastLeft: 0,
_lastTop: 0,
recalcTextPosition: function () {
//this.insideRect.setCoords();
const sin = Math.sin(fabric.util.degreesToRadians(this.angle))
const cos = Math.cos(fabric.util.degreesToRadians(this.angle))
const newTop = sin * this.insideRectOffsetLeft + cos * this.insideRectOffsetTop
const newLeft = cos * this.insideRectOffsetLeft - sin * this.insideRectOffsetTop
const rectLeftTop = this.getPointByOrigin('left', 'top')
this.insideRect.set('left', rectLeftTop.x + newLeft)
this.insideRect.set('top', rectLeftTop.y + newTop)
this.insideRect.set('width', this.width - 40)
this.insideRect.set('height', this.height - 40)
this.insideRect.set('scaleX', this.scaleX)
this.insideRect.set('scaleY', this.scaleY)
},
initialize: function (textOptions, rectOptions) {
this.callSuper('initialize', rectOptions)
this.insideRect = new fabric.Rect({
...textOptions,
dirty: false,
objectCaching: false,
selectable: false,
evented: false,
fragmentType: 'rectWidthRect'
});
canvas.bringToFront(this.insideRect);
this.insideRect.width = this.width - 40;
this.insideRect.height = this.height - 40;
this.insideRect.left = this.left + 20;
this.insideRect.top = this.top + 20;
this.insideRectOffsetLeft = this.insideRect.left - this.left
this.insideRectOffsetTop = this.insideRect.top - this.top
this.on('moving', function(e){
this.recalcTextPosition();
})
this.on('rotating',function(){
this.insideRect.rotate(this.insideRect.angle + this.angle - this._prevAngle)
this.recalcTextPosition()
this._prevAngle = this.angle
})
this.on('scaling', function(fEvent){
this.recalcTextPosition();
});
this.on('added', function(){
this.canvas.add(this.insideRect)
});
this.on('removed', function(){
this.canvas.remove(this.insideRect)
});
this.on('mousedown:before', function(){
this._prevObjectStacking = this.canvas.preserveObjectStacking
this.canvas.preserveObjectStacking = true
});
this.on('deselected', function(){
this.canvas.preserveObjectStacking = this._prevObjectStacking
});
}
});
and then just add your element to your canvas as usual:
var rectWithRect = new fabric.RectWithRect(
{
fill: "red",
}, // children rect options
{
left:100,
top:100,
width: 300,
height: 100,
dirty: false,
objectCaching: false,
strokeWidth: 0,
fill: 'blue'
} // parent rect options
);
canvas.add(rectWithRect);
by the way, you can use method like this to create nested elements, text with background and other.
Codesandbox DEMO
I want to modify the platformer game that I find in codepen.
http://codepen.io/loktar00/pen/JEdqD
the original is like the below image.
I want to change it to be:
I want to zoom in the viewport to player and making a camera-like view where I could scroll a level within a canvas element.
Like this game http://www.html5quintus.com/quintus/examples/platformer_full/
The viewport and camera is tracking the player.
This is my code:
(function () {
var requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame;
window.requestAnimationFrame = requestAnimationFrame;
})();
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"),
width = 100,
height = 100,
player = {
x: width / 2,
y: height - 15,
width: 5,
height: 5,
speed: 3,
velX: 0,
velY: 0,
jumping: false,
grounded: false
},
keys = [],
friction = 0.8,
gravity = 0.3;
var boxes = [];
// player's position
var playerX = 20;
var playerY = 20;
// how far offset the canvas is
var offsetX = 0;
var offsetY = 0;
// dimensions
boxes.push({
x: 0,
y: 0,
width: 10,
height: height
});
boxes.push({
x: 0,
y: height - 2,
width: width,
height: 50
});
boxes.push({
x: width - 10,
y: 0,
width: 50,
height: height
});
boxes.push({
x: 120,
y: 10,
width: 80,
height: 80
});
boxes.push({
x: 170,
y: 50,
width: 80,
height: 80
});
boxes.push({
x: 220,
y: 100,
width: 80,
height: 80
});
boxes.push({
x: 270,
y: 150,
width: 40,
height: 40
});
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
function update() {
// check keys
if (keys[38] || keys[32] || keys[87]) {
// up arrow or space
if (!player.jumping && player.grounded) {
player.jumping = true;
player.grounded = false;
player.velY = -player.speed * 2;
}
}
if (keys[39] || keys[68]) {
// right arrow
if (player.velX < player.speed) {
player.velX++;
offsetX--;
}
}
if (keys[37] || keys[65]) {
// left arrow
if (player.velX > -player.speed) {
player.velX--;
offsetX++;
}
}
player.velX *= friction;
player.velY += gravity;
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
ctx.fillStyle = "black";
ctx.beginPath();
player.grounded = false;
for (var i = 0; i < boxes.length; i++) {
ctx.rect(boxes[i].x, boxes[i].y, boxes[i].width, boxes[i].height);
var dir = colCheck(player, boxes[i]);
if (dir === "l" || dir === "r") {
player.velX = 0;
player.jumping = false;
} else if (dir === "b") {
player.grounded = true;
player.jumping = false;
} else if (dir === "t") {
player.velY *= -1;
}
}
if(player.grounded){
player.velY = 0;
}
player.x += player.velX;
player.y += player.velY;
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(offsetX, offsetY);
// clear the viewport
ctx.clearRect(-offsetX, -offsetY, 100,100);
ctx.fill();
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(player.x, player.y, player.width, player.height);
ctx.fillRect(playerX-offsetX, playerY-offsetY, 8, 8);
// draw the other stuff
var l = boxes.length;
for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
// we should really only draw the things that intersect the viewport!
// but I am lazy so we are drawing everything here
var x = boxes[i][0];
var y = boxes[i][1];
ctx.fillStyle = 'lightblue';
ctx.fillRect(x, y, 8, 8);
ctx.fillStyle = 'black';
ctx.fillText(x + ', ' + y, x, y) // just to show where we are drawing these things
}
ctx.restore();
requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
function colCheck(shapeA, shapeB) {
// get the vectors to check against
var vX = (shapeA.x + (shapeA.width / 2)) - (shapeB.x + (shapeB.width / 2)),
vY = (shapeA.y + (shapeA.height / 2)) - (shapeB.y + (shapeB.height / 2)),
// add the half widths and half heights of the objects
hWidths = (shapeA.width / 2) + (shapeB.width / 2),
hHeights = (shapeA.height / 2) + (shapeB.height / 2),
colDir = null;
// if the x and y vector are less than the half width or half height, they we must be inside the object, causing a collision
if (Math.abs(vX) < hWidths && Math.abs(vY) < hHeights) {
// figures out on which side we are colliding (top, bottom, left, or right)
var oX = hWidths - Math.abs(vX),
oY = hHeights - Math.abs(vY);
if (oX >= oY) {
if (vY > 0) {
colDir = "t";
shapeA.y += oY;
} else {
colDir = "b";
shapeA.y -= oY;
}
} else {
if (vX > 0) {
colDir = "l";
shapeA.x += oX;
} else {
colDir = "r";
shapeA.x -= oX;
}
}
}
return colDir;
}
document.body.addEventListener("keydown", function (e) {
keys[e.keyCode] = true;
});
document.body.addEventListener("keyup", function (e) {
keys[e.keyCode] = false;
});
window.addEventListener("load", function () {
update();
});
<h3>A, D or Arrow keys to move, W or space to jump</h3>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
But this does not work.
You can use the same code that you had in the codepen, but add a couple lines in the load event, before the first update().
Let's say something like:
window.addEventListener("load", function () {
ctx.scale(2,2);
ctx.translate(-100,-100);
update();
});
This will zoom by two times and center on new coordinates, BUT keep in mind that you have to do it yourself if you want to re-center when the player is going out of the view.
As a partial way of doing this, you can check if the player moved and translate the canvas using the opposite values of player.velX and player.velY. Something like:
var playerMoved = false;
if (keys[38] || keys[32] || keys[87]) {
playerMoved = true;
//...Other stuff
}
if (keys[39] || keys[68]) {
playerMoved = true;
//...Other stuff
}
if (keys[37] || keys[65]) {
playerMoved = true;
//...Other stuff
}
if (playerMoved) {
// You still need to check quite a few things, like
// the player being out of bounds, the view not translating
// when x less than or bigger then a specific value, and so on
ctx.translate(-player.velX, -player.velY);
}
This is not a complete solution because that would require quite some code, but it should get you started.
I am using this code to draw an arrow on a canvas:
var arrowCanvas = document.getElementById("arrowCanvas");
var ctx = arrowCanvas.getContext("2d");
drawArrow(ctx, 30, 10, 30, 100);
function drawArrow(ctx, fromx, fromy, tox, toy){
//variables to be used when creating the arrow
var headlen = 10;
ctx.strokeStyle = "#cc0000";
ctx.fillStyle = "#cc0000";
ctx.lineWidth = 10;
var angle = Math.atan2(toy-fromy,tox-fromx);
//starting path of the arrow from the start square to the end square and drawing the stroke
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(fromx, fromy);
ctx.lineTo(tox, toy);
ctx.stroke();
//starting a new path from the head of the arrow to one of the sides of the point
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(tox, toy);
ctx.lineTo(tox-headlen*Math.cos(angle-Math.PI/7),toy-headlen*Math.sin(angle-Math.PI/7));
//path from the side point of the arrow, to the other side point
ctx.lineTo(tox-headlen*Math.cos(angle+Math.PI/7),toy-headlen*Math.sin(angle+Math.PI/7));
//path from the side point back to the tip of the arrow, and then again to the opposite side point
ctx.lineTo(tox, toy);
ctx.lineTo(tox-headlen*Math.cos(angle-Math.PI/7),toy-headlen*Math.sin(angle-Math.PI/7));
//draws the paths created above
ctx.stroke();
ctx.fill();
}
(Code is found in this answer: Draw arrow on canvas tag).
My problem with this code is that because of ctx.lineWidth the arrowHead points over the specified coordinates (tox, toy). In the provided example the arrowhead points onto the canvas y-position 110, due to lineWidth = 10px. I want it to point exactly on the tox, toy-coordinates, independent of the arrows angle.
My solution would be to reduce the initial length of the arrow by the amount of lineWidth, but I failed at considering the arrow angle for it.
A little trig is all that is needed. Bellow is a snippet that solves the 3 types of line joins. Bevel, Miter, and round.
The function drawArrow draw a line from x,y,xx,yy with options setting the various dimensions for the arrow head.
The function reads the ctx.lineWidth and ctx.lineJoin values to work out how to move the end point to ensure it does not pass the point.
For "round" joins the distance to move in is half the line width
For "miter" the distance is half line width divide the sin of half the arrowhead pointy angle
For "Bevel" the distance is cos of half the angle of the pointy end times the half line width
const PI = Math.PI;
const PI2 = PI * 2;
function drawArrow(ctx,x,y,xx,yy,options){
function getDef(name,def){return options[name] !== undefined ? options[name] : def;}
var w = getDef("width",5); // get settings
var hs = getDef("headSize",15); //
var hw = getDef("headWidth",15); //
var dx = xx-x;
var dy = yy-y;
var dir = Math.atan2(dy,dx);
var dist = Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
var lineWidth = Number(ctx.lineWidth)
var endMove = ctx.lineWidth/2; // assume round joins
if(ctx.lineJoin === "miter"){
endMove = Math.min(ctx.miterLimit,endMove / (hw / Math.sqrt(hs*hs+hw*hw)));
}else if(ctx.lineJoin === "bevel"){
endMove = endMove * Math.cos(Math.asin(hs / Math.sqrt(hs*hs+hw*hw)));
}
// move canvas coordinates so that the arrow starts at 0,0,
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,x,y);
ctx.rotate(dir); // and is aligned to x
dist -= endMove; // shorten for line width
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0,-w);
ctx.lineTo(dist - hs,-w);
ctx.lineTo(dist - hs,-hw);
ctx.lineTo(dist ,0);
ctx.lineTo(dist - hs,hw);
ctx.lineTo(dist - hs,w);
ctx.lineTo(0,w);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.fill();
}
var arrows = [
{width : 5, headWidth : 10, headSize : 20, lineWidth : 5,line : "red", fill : "blue",join : "bevel", limit : 100},
{width : 10, headWidth : 20, headSize : 20, lineWidth : 5,line : "Orange", fill : "blue",join : "miter", limit : 5},
{width : 10, headWidth : 20, headSize : 20, lineWidth : 5,line : "Green", fill : "blue",join : "round", limit : 0},
]
var tempArrow = {width : 10, headWidth : 20, headSize : 20};
const numArrows = 3;
const mouseClear = 30;
// main update function
function display(){
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0); // reset transform
ctx.globalAlpha = 1; // reset alpha
ctx.clearRect(0,0,w,h);
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = "black";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(mouse.x,mouse.y,mouseClear,0,PI2);
ctx.miterLimit = 1000;
ctx.stroke();
for(var i = 0; i < numArrows; i ++){
var x = cw + Math.cos((i/numArrows)*PI2) * cw *1.8;
var y = ch + Math.sin((i/numArrows)*PI2) * ch *1.8;
var dir = Math.atan2(y-mouse.y,x-mouse.x);
var xx = mouse.x + Math.cos(dir) * mouseClear;
var yy = mouse.y + Math.sin(dir) * mouseClear;
var scaleLine = (Math.sin(globalTime/1000)+1.1) * 2;
var style = arrows[i%arrows.length];
var arrowHead = (Math.sin(globalTime/770)+1.1) * 2;
var arrowSize = (Math.sin(globalTime/1370)+1.1) * 2;
ctx.lineWidth = style.lineWidth * scaleLine;
ctx.strokeStyle = style.line;
ctx.fillStyle = style.fill;
ctx.lineJoin = style.join;
tempArrow.headWidth = style.headSize * arrowHead;
tempArrow.headSize = style.headSize * arrowSize;
drawArrow(ctx,x,y,xx,yy,tempArrow);
}
}
//==============================================================================
// From here down part of answer just boiler room stuff
// can be ignored.
/** SimpleFullCanvasMouse.js begin **/
var w, h, cw, ch, canvas, ctx, mouse, globalTime = 0, firstRun = true;
;(function(){
const RESIZE_DEBOUNCE_TIME = 100;
var createCanvas, resizeCanvas, setGlobals, resizeCount = 0;
createCanvas = function () {
var c,
cs;
cs = (c = document.createElement("canvas")).style;
cs.position = "absolute";
cs.top = cs.left = "0px";
cs.zIndex = 1000;
document.body.appendChild(c);
return c;
}
resizeCanvas = function () {
if (canvas === undefined) {
canvas = createCanvas();
}
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (typeof setGlobals === "function") {
setGlobals();
}
if (typeof onResize === "function") {
if(firstRun){
onResize();
firstRun = false;
}else{
resizeCount += 1;
setTimeout(debounceResize, RESIZE_DEBOUNCE_TIME);
}
}
}
function debounceResize() {
resizeCount -= 1;
if (resizeCount <= 0) {
onResize();
}
}
setGlobals = function () {
cw = (w = canvas.width) / 2;
ch = (h = canvas.height) / 2;
}
mouse = (function () {
function preventDefault(e) {
e.preventDefault();
}
var mouse = {
x : 0,
y : 0,
w : 0,
alt : false,
shift : false,
ctrl : false,
buttonRaw : 0,
over : false,
bm : [1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3],
active : false,
bounds : null,
crashRecover : null,
mouseEvents : "mousemove,mousedown,mouseup,mouseout,mouseover,mousewheel,DOMMouseScroll".split(",")
};
var m = mouse;
function mouseMove(e) {
var t = e.type;
m.bounds = m.element.getBoundingClientRect();
m.x = e.pageX - m.bounds.left;
m.y = e.pageY - m.bounds.top;
m.alt = e.altKey;
m.shift = e.shiftKey;
m.ctrl = e.ctrlKey;
if (t === "mousedown") {
m.buttonRaw |= m.bm[e.which - 1];
} else if (t === "mouseup") {
m.buttonRaw &= m.bm[e.which + 2];
} else if (t === "mouseout") {
m.buttonRaw = 0;
m.over = false;
} else if (t === "mouseover") {
m.over = true;
} else if (t === "mousewheel") {
m.w = e.wheelDelta;
} else if (t === "DOMMouseScroll") {
m.w = -e.detail;
}
if (m.callbacks) {
m.callbacks.forEach(c => c(e));
}
e.preventDefault();
}
m.addCallback = function (callback) {
if (typeof callback === "function") {
if (m.callbacks === undefined) {
m.callbacks = [callback];
} else {
m.callbacks.push(callback);
}
}
}
m.start = function (element) {
if (m.element !== undefined) {
m.removeMouse();
}
m.element = element === undefined ? document : element;
m.mouseEvents.forEach(n => {
m.element.addEventListener(n, mouseMove);
});
m.element.addEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault, false);
m.active = true;
}
m.remove = function () {
if (m.element !== undefined) {
m.mouseEvents.forEach(n => {
m.element.removeEventListener(n, mouseMove);
});
m.element.removeEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault);
m.element = m.callbacks = undefined;
m.active = false;
}
}
return mouse;
})();
function update(timer) { // Main update loop
if(ctx === undefined){
return;
}
globalTime = timer;
display(); // call demo code
requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
setTimeout(function(){
resizeCanvas();
mouse.start(canvas, true);
window.addEventListener("resize", resizeCanvas);
requestAnimationFrame(update);
},0);
})();
I am new to javascript, and am trying to make a game that would hopefully end up isometric (I don't care so much about that, as long as I get an idea of how to). My code is:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<style>
canvas {
border:1px solid #d3d3d3;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="startGame()">
<script>
var myGamePiece;
function startGame() {
myGamePiece = new component(30, 30, "blue", 225, 225);
myGameArea.start();
}
var myGameArea = {
canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
start : function() {
this.canvas.width = 480;
this.canvas.height = 270;
this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
this.frameNo = 0;
this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
window.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
myGameArea.keys = (myGameArea.keys || []);
myGameArea.keys[e.keyCode] = (e.type == "keydown");
})
window.addEventListener('keyup', function (e) {
myGameArea.keys[e.keyCode] = (e.type == "keydown");
})
},
stop : function() {
clearInterval(this.interval);
},
clear : function() {
this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
}
}
function component(width, height, color, x, y, type) {
this.type = type;
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.speed = 0;
this.angle = 0;
this.moveAngle = 0;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.update = function() {
ctx = myGameArea.context;
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(this.x, this.y);
ctx.rotate(this.angle);
ctx.fillStyle = color;
ctx.fillRect(this.width / -2, this.height / -2, this.width, this.height);
ctx.restore();
}
this.newPos = function() {
this.angle += this.moveAngle * Math.PI / 180;
this.x += this.speed * Math.sin(this.angle);
this.y -= this.speed * Math.cos(this.angle);
}
}
function updateGameArea() {
myGameArea.clear();
myGamePiece.moveAngle = 0;
myGamePiece.speed = 0;
if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[37]) {myGamePiece.x -=2; }
if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[39]) {myGamePiece.x += 2; }
if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[38]) {myGamePiece.y -= 1; }
if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[40]) {myGamePiece.y += 1; }
if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[32]) {myGamePiece.y -= 3;}
myGamePiece.newPos();
myGamePiece.update();
}
</script>
<p></p>
</body>
</html>
which I mostly copied and pasted from another website (http://www.w3schools.com/games/tryit.asp?filename=trygame_movement_keyboard). What I want to know is how to make it so that when the player presses space, myGamePiece goes up and down to appear to be jumping; making it move up a certain number of spaces, but then return back to the coordinates it was before.
Game Physics. JUMPING the basics
Real world V game world.
Game jumping is usually done non deterministically, that means you are not sure when or where the play may land. Very much not like real life. In real life once you jump, where and when you land is up to gravity and air friction, unless you can fly the result of jumping is up to the universe.
In the game world this is far from true. The jumper can usually change direction, double jump, do some hang time, or combo accelerated power punch down. All these things can happen at any time depending on the input of the user. Also gravity in the game world does not act like real gravity, sometimes some thing fall faster because they are heavy, some things need a second or to to feel the effect of gravity. The list goes on.
FALLING
BUT with all that said the game must still do the important thing that makes falling unlike an elevator ride. When in free fall you accelerate, every instance of time your speed changes, when you jump up you decelerate, when you fall you accelerate. We have our position y and our speed dy (delta y) to add gravity (g) we add a constant to the speed, when traveling up the screen (dy is < 0) or down the gravity changes the speed in the same direction at the same rate.
So every frame, add gravity dy += g then add our speed to our position y += dy. And that is it a very simple simulation of gravity, which if you measure time in game frames is also a perfect simulation of real gravity (near a big thing like the earth)
Thus the best way to do things like jumping, and the gravity that comes into play is to do it frame by frame.
Lets define what we need to do a jump.
A simple character
var c = {
x : ?, // this character's position
y : ?,
dx : ?, // the amount to move per frame The players velocity in x and y
dy : ?,
w : ?, // the character's width and height
h : ?,
onGround : false, // a flag to indicate on the ground or not
}
And some environment info
const GROUND_Y = canvas.height - 10; // where the ground is
const GRAVITY = 1; // in pixels per frame
Then every frame we update the character checking if on the ground and if not applying gravity and checking for the ground.
c.update = function(){
if(this.onGround){ // nothing to do but wait
}else{ // must be in the air
// Every frame the player accelerates down by the pull of gravity
// so increase the player y speed
this.dy += GRAVITY; // apply the gravity to the speed.
// now add the y speed to the y position
this.y += this.dy;
// Now we must check for the ground which if the player position x,y is for
// its center the ground will be half it's height away
if(this.y + (this.h / 2) > GROUND_Y){ // have we hit the ground
// yes stop downward motion
this.dy = 0;
// the speed may have put the character slightly below the ground
// so fix the postion so that it is correct
this.y = GROUND_Y - this.h /2; // set position to the ground - half its height
// And set the flag to indicate that the character is on the ground
this.onGround = true;
}
}
}
So that is gravity taken care of.
JUMPING
To jump we apply a force that accelerates us away from the ground. This force is only for an instant, once of the ground we have nothing to push against so we can apply no more force, it is up to gravity to bring us down. As gravity has been sorted in the above function all we need to do is the apply the jumping force.
const JUMP_ACCELERATION = GRAVITY * 20; // the bigger this number the higher the jump
Now add the function to make the jump
c.jump = function(){
// check if we can jump. That is are we on the ground
if(this.onGround){
// flag that we are no longer on the ground and left to the will of gravity
this.onGround = false;
// then apply the change in speed.
this.dy -= JUMP_ACCELERATION; // subtract jump accel from the speed
// to give a negative speed (up)
}
}
And that is it, the gravity function will take care of everything for you so you must call the c.update Function once every frame, the jump function you call only once per jump.
JUMPING IT DEMO
Click mouse to jump, a non challenging flappy It.
Taken from an old project this demo shows a very simple jumping character. The object name is it and the functions you want to look at are it.update(), it.jump(), and it.preJump() The code you want is between the comments //Answer code
All the character can do is jump, it can multy jump, and can jump higher if you click and hold the mouse, then release to jump.
/** ImageTools.js begin **/
var imageTools = (function () {
var tools = {
canvas : function (width, height) { // create a blank image (canvas)
var c = document.createElement("canvas");
c.width = width;
c.height = height;
return c;
},
createImage : function (width, height) {
var i = this.canvas(width, height);
i.ctx = i.getContext("2d");
return i;
},
loadImage : function (url, cb) {
var i = new Image();
i.src = url;
i.addEventListener('load', cb);
i.addEventListener('error', cb);
return i;
},
image2Canvas : function (img) {
var i = this.canvas(img.width, img.height);
i.ctx = i.getContext("2d");
i.drawImage(i, 0, 0);
return i;
},
drawSpriteLinked : function(image,spriteIndex, x, y, scale, ang, alpha) {
var w,h,spr;
spr = image.sprites[spriteIndex];
w = spr.w; h = spr.h;
ctx.globalAlpha = alpha;
var xdx = Math.cos(ang) * scale;
var xdy = Math.sin(ang) * scale;
ctx.save();
ctx.transform(xdx, xdy, -xdy, xdx, x, y);
ctx.drawImage(image, spr.x, spr.y, w, h, -w/2, -h/2, w, h);
ctx.restore();
},
drawSprite : function(image,spriteIndex, x, y, scale, ang, alpha) {
var w,h,spr;
spr = image.sprites[spriteIndex];
w = spr.w; h = spr.h;
ctx.globalAlpha = alpha;
ctx.setTransform(scale, 0, 0, scale, x, y);
ctx.rotate(ang);
ctx.drawImage(image, spr.x, spr.y, w, h, -w/2, -h/2, w, h);
},
drawSpriteSLinked : function(image,spriteIndex, x, y, scale, scaleX, ang, alpha) {
var w,h,spr;
spr = image.sprites[spriteIndex];
w = spr.w; h = spr.h;
ctx.globalAlpha = alpha;
var xdx = Math.cos(ang) * scale;
var xdy = Math.sin(ang) * scale;
ctx.save()
ctx.transform(xdx * scaleX, xdy * scaleX, -xdy, xdx, x, y);
ctx.drawImage(image, spr.x, spr.y, w, h, -w/2, -h/2, w, h);
ctx.restore();
},
drawSpriteS : function(image,spriteIndex, x, y, scale, scaleX, ang, alpha) {
var w,h,spr;
spr = image.sprites[spriteIndex];
w = spr.w; h = spr.h;
ctx.globalAlpha = alpha;
ctx.setTransform(scale * scaleX, 0, 0, scale, x, y);
ctx.rotate(ang);
ctx.drawImage(image, spr.x, spr.y, w, h, -w/2, -h/2, w, h);
},
hex2RGBA : function(hex){
if(typeof hex === "string"){
var str = "rgba(";
if(hex.length === 4 || hex.length === 5){
str += (parseInt(hex.substr(1,1),16) * 16) + ",";
str += (parseInt(hex.substr(2,1),16) * 16) + ",";
str += (parseInt(hex.substr(3,1),16) * 16) + ",";
if(hex.length === 5){
str += (parseInt(hex.substr(3,1),16) / 16);
}else{
str += "1";
}
return str + ")";
}
if(hex.length === 7 || hex.length === 8){
str += parseInt(hex.substr(1,2),16) + ",";
str += parseInt(hex.substr(3,2),16) + ",";
str += parseInt(hex.substr(5,2),16) + ",";
if(hex.length === 5){
str += (parseInt(hex.substr(7,2),16) / 255).toFixed(3);
}else{
str += "1";
}
return str + ")";
}
return "rgba(0,0,0,0)";
}
},
createGradient : function(ctx, type, x, y, xx, yy, colours){
var i,g,c;
var len = colours.length;
if(type.toLowerCase() === "linear"){
g = ctx.createLinearGradient(x,y,xx,yy);
}else{
g = ctx.createRadialGradient(x,y,xx,x,y,yy);
}
for(i = 0; i < len; i++){
c = colours[i];
if(typeof c === "string"){
if(c[0] === " #"){
c = this.hex2RGBA(c);
}
g.addColorStop(Math.min(1,i / (len -1)),c); // need to clamp top to 1 due to floating point errors causes addColorStop to throw rangeError when number over 1
}
}
return g;
},
};
return tools;
})();
/** ImageTools.js end **/
/** SimpleFullCanvasMouse.js begin **/
const CANVAS_ELEMENT_ID = "canv";
const U = undefined;
var w, h, cw, ch; // short cut vars
var canvas, ctx, mouse;
var globalTime = 0;
var globalTimeInt = 0;
var createCanvas, resizeCanvas, setGlobals;
var L = typeof log === "function" ? log : function(d){ console.log(d); }
createCanvas = function () {
var c,cs;
cs = (c = document.createElement("canvas")).style;
c.id = CANVAS_ELEMENT_ID;
cs.position = "absolute";
cs.top = cs.left = "0px";
cs.zIndex = 1000;
document.body.appendChild(c);
return c;
}
var resized = false;
resizeCanvas = function () {
if (canvas === U) { canvas = createCanvas(); }
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
resized = true;
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (typeof setGlobals === "function") { setGlobals(); }
}
setGlobals = function(){
cw = (w = canvas.width) / 2; ch = (h = canvas.height) / 2;
if(it !== undefined){
it = createIt(cw,ch,sprites);
}
}
mouse = (function(){
function preventDefault(e) { e.preventDefault(); }
var mouse = {
x : 0, y : 0, w : 0, alt : false, shift : false, ctrl : false, buttonRaw : 0,
over : false, // mouse is over the element
bm : [1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3], // masks for setting and clearing button raw bits;
mouseEvents : "mousemove,mousedown,mouseup,mouseout,mouseover,mousewheel,DOMMouseScroll".split(",")
};
var m = mouse;
function mouseMove(e) {
var t = e.type;
m.x = e.offsetX; m.y = e.offsetY;
if (m.x === U) { m.x = e.clientX; m.y = e.clientY; }
m.alt = e.altKey; m.shift = e.shiftKey; m.ctrl = e.ctrlKey;
if (t === "mousedown") { m.buttonRaw |= m.bm[e.which-1]; }
else if (t === "mouseup") { m.buttonRaw &= m.bm[e.which + 2]; }
else if (t === "mouseout") { m.buttonRaw = 0; m.over = false; }
else if (t === "mouseover") { m.over = true; }
else if (t === "mousewheel") { m.w = e.wheelDelta; }
else if (t === "DOMMouseScroll") { m.w = -e.detail; }
if (m.callbacks) { m.callbacks.forEach(c => c(e)); }
e.preventDefault();
}
m.addCallback = function (callback) {
if (typeof callback === "function") {
if (m.callbacks === U) { m.callbacks = [callback]; }
else { m.callbacks.push(callback); }
} else { throw new TypeError("mouse.addCallback argument must be a function"); }
}
m.start = function (element, blockContextMenu) {
if (m.element !== U) { m.removeMouse(); }
m.element = element === U ? document : element;
m.blockContextMenu = blockContextMenu === U ? false : blockContextMenu;
m.mouseEvents.forEach( n => { m.element.addEventListener(n, mouseMove); } );
if (m.blockContextMenu === true) { m.element.addEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault, false); }
}
m.remove = function () {
if (m.element !== U) {
m.mouseEvents.forEach(n => { m.element.removeEventListener(n, mouseMove); } );
if (m.contextMenuBlocked === true) { m.element.removeEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault);}
m.element = m.callbacks = m.contextMenuBlocked = U;
}
}
return mouse;
})();
var done = function(){
window.removeEventListener("resize",resizeCanvas)
mouse.remove();
document.body.removeChild(canvas);
canvas = ctx = mouse = U;
L("All done!")
}
resizeCanvas(); // create and size canvas
resized = false;
mouse.start(canvas,true); // start mouse on canvas and block context menu
window.addEventListener("resize",resizeCanvas); // add resize event
function drawText(text,x,y,size,col){
var f = size + "px Arial";
if(f !== ctx.font){
ctx.font = f;
}
ctx.textAlign = "center";
ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
ctx.fillStyle = col;
ctx.fillText(text,x,y);
}
function drawLoad(){
if(!resourcesReady || !canPlay){
drawText(message,cw,ch * 0.5, FONT_SIZE, MESSAGE_COL);
if (!canPlay && resourcesReady){
drawText("Try reloading the page.",cw,ch * 0.5 + FONT_SIZE + 8,Math.floor(FONT_SIZE /2) ,MESSAGE_COL);
}else{
drawText("Loading resources." ,cw,ch * 0.5 + FONT_SIZE + 8,Math.floor(FONT_SIZE /2) ,MESSAGE_COL);
}
}else{
if(message !== ""){
drawText(message,cw,ch * 0.5, FONT_SIZE, MESSAGE_COL);
}
}
}
const FONT = "px Arial"
const FONT_SIZE = Math.max(Math.floor(window.innerHeight/20),24)
ctx.textAlign = "center";
ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
function loaded(e){
if(e.type !== "error"){
this.sprites = [
{ x : 0, y : 0, w : 74, h : 116, },
{ x : 0, y : 126, w : 100, h : 113, },
{ x : 75, y : 0, w : 29, h : 42, },
{ x : 75, y : 43, w : 17, h : 22, },
{ x : 0, y : 249, w : 42, h : 18, },
{ x : 75, y : 66, w : 17, h : 15, },
{ x : 75, y : 82, w : 17, h : 12, },
{ x : 75, y : 95, w : 16, h : 9, },
{ x : 75, y : 105, w : 7, h : 7, },
{ x : 0, y : 268, w : 11, h : 5, },
]
resourcesReady = true;
canPlay = true;
it = createIt(cw,ch,this );
message = "";
return;
}
resourcesReady = true;
message = "LOAD FAILED!"
}
var it = null; // it is the character
var resourcesReady = false;
var canPlay = false;
var message = "Please Wait..."
const MESSAGE_COL = "white";
//var sprites = imageTools.loadImage("GreenIt.png",loaded )
var sprites = imageTools.loadImage("http://i.stack.imgur.com/ED6oC.png",loaded )
var background = imageTools.createImage(8,8);
background.ctx.fillStyle = imageTools.createGradient(ctx,"linear",0,0,8,8,["#0AF","#05A"]);
background.ctx.fillRect(0,0,8,8);
var ground = imageTools.createImage(8,32);
ground.ctx.fillStyle = imageTools.createGradient(ctx,"linear",0,0,8,32,["#0A0","#450","#754"]);
ground.ctx.fillRect(0,0,8,32);
ground.ctx.fillStyle = "black";
ground.ctx.fillRect(0,0,8,4);
const GROUND_OFFSET = 32;
const GRAV = 1;
var landed = false;
const MESSAGES = [
"Click mouse button to Jump",
"Click hold ... release to to add power to jump",
"Double click to double jump",
""
];
var messageCount = 0;
var fly = { // something to see
x : 0,
y : 0,
dx : 0,
dy : 0,
wait : 0,
onTheWall : false,
update : function(){
if(this.wait <= 0){
this.wait = Math.random() * 200+ 60;
this.onTheWall = Math.random() < 0.1 ? true : false;
if(this.onTheWall){
this.dx = 0;
this.dy = 0;
}else{
this.wait = Math.random() < 0.2 ? 10 : this.wait;
var x = (Math.random()-0.5) * 200;
var y = (Math.random()-0.5) * 200;
this.dx = (x - this.x) / this.wait;
this.dx = (y - this.y) / this.wait;
}
}else{
this.wait -= 1;
this.x += this.dx;
this.y += this.dy;
}
}
};
/*==============================================================================================
// Answer code
==============================================================================================*/
// info to define the character
const IT = {
body : 0, // sprite indexes
bodyFly : 1,
footDown : 2,
eyeOpen : 3,
foot : 4,
mouthOpen : 5,
eyeShut : 6,
mouthSmirk : 7,
eyeBall : 8,
mouth : 9, // sprite index end
grav : GRAV, // grav accel
maxJumpPower : 40,
minJump : 10,
jumpPower : 30, // mutiplys squat amount to give jump power
squatRate : 1, // how quick the squat is
squatResist : 0.8, // limits the amount of squat
landingBlinkTime : 30, // how long blink is on landing
blinkTime : 15, // how many frames to close eyes
blinkRate : 60 * 3, // 60 is one second . Time between blinks average
eyePos : {x : 0.13, y : -0.1}, // position as fraction of size
footPos : {x : 0.3, y : 0.5}, // position as fraction of size
lookAtGround : 1, // look ats
lookAtMouse : 2,
lookAtUser : 3,
lookAtFly : 4,
angle: 0,
jumpDy: 0, // the jump up speed used to rotate It when in air
}
// Function updates the character
const updateIt = function(){
if(this.blink > 0){
this.blink -= 1;
}
if(this.blinkTimer > 0){
this.blinkTimer -= 1;
if(this.blinkTimer === 0){
this.blink = IT.blinkTime;
}
}else{
// the two randoms create a random number that has a gausian distrabution centered on 0.5
// this creates a more realistic set of numbers.
this.blinkTimer = Math.floor(IT.blinkRate * (Math.random() + Math.random())/2 + IT.blinkRate / 2);
this.lookAt = Math.random() < 0.33 ? IT.lookAtUser : (Math.random() < 0.5 ? IT.lookAtMouse : IT.lookAtFly);
}
if(!this.onGround){
this.squat = 0;
//-------------------------------------
// do gravity
this.dy += IT.grav;
this.y += this.dy;
this.x += this.dx;
this.x = (this.x + ctx.canvas.width) % ctx.canvas.width;
var rotFraction = (this.jumpDy - this.dy) / this.jumpDy;
this.angle = this.jumpAngle * -rotFraction ;
if(this.dy > 13){
this.lookAt = IT.lookAtGround;
}
// check for the ground
if(this.y + this.tall / 2 > h - GROUND_OFFSET){
this.y = h - GROUND_OFFSET - this.tall / 2;
this.blink = Math.floor(IT.landingBlinkTime * (this.dy / 20));
this.blinkTimer = this.blink + 30;
this.squat = this.dy;
this.dy = 0;
this.onGround = true;
this.angle = -this.jumpAngle
}
}else{
this.squat *= IT.squatResist;
}
}
// draw the character
const drawIt = function(){
var bod = IT.body;
var spr = this.img.sprites;
var eye = this.blink > 0 ? IT.eyeShut : IT.eyeOpen;
var foot = IT.foot;
var footBehind = false; // draw feet behind or infront of body
if(!this.onGround){
if(this.dy >= 0){
if(this.dy > 2){
bod = IT.bodyFly;
}
}else{
footBehind = true;
foot = IT.footDown;
}
}
var xdx = Math.cos(this.angle);
var xdy = Math.sin(this.angle);
var px = this.x; // pivot
var py = this.y + 50;
var x = this.x ;
var y = this.y + this.squat;
var t = this.tall;
var f = this.fat;
if(footBehind){
if(!this.onGround){
var r = 1 - Math.min(1,-this.dy / 10);
imageTools.drawSpriteS(this.img,foot,x + f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat+ t * IT.footPos.y,1,-1,r,1);
imageTools.drawSprite(this.img,foot,x - f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat + t * IT.footPos.y,1,r,1);
}
}
ctx.setTransform(xdx,xdy,-xdy,xdx,px,py);
imageTools.drawSpriteLinked(this.img,bod,x - px,y - py,1,0,1);
if(!footBehind){
if(this.onGround){
imageTools.drawSpriteS(this.img,foot,x + f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat+ t * IT.footPos.y,1,-1,0,1);
imageTools.drawSprite(this.img,foot,x - f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat + t * IT.footPos.y,1,0,1);
}else{
var r = this.dy / 10;
imageTools.drawSpriteS(this.img,foot,x + f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat+ t * IT.footPos.y,1,-1,r,1);
imageTools.drawSprite(this.img,foot,x - f * IT.footPos.x,y - this.squat + t * IT.footPos.y,1,r,1);
}
}
if(this.blink){
ctx.setTransform(xdx,xdy,-xdy,xdx,px,py);
imageTools.drawSpriteLinked(this.img,eye,x + f * IT.eyePos.x - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y - py,1,0,1);
imageTools.drawSpriteSLinked(this.img,eye,x - f * IT.eyePos.x - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y - py,1,-1,0,1);
}else{
ctx.setTransform(xdx,xdy,-xdy,xdx,px,py);
imageTools.drawSpriteLinked(this.img,eye,x + f * IT.eyePos.x - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y - py,1,0,1);
imageTools.drawSpriteSLinked(this.img,eye,x - f * IT.eyePos.x - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y - py,1,-1,0,1);
var eyeDir = 0;
var eyeDist = 0;
if(this.blink === 0){
if(this.lookAt === IT.lookAtGround){
eyeDir = Math.PI/2;
eyeDist = 0.3;
}else if(this.lookAt === IT.lookAtUser){
eyeDir = 0;
eyeDist = 0;
}else if(this.lookAt === IT.lookAtFly){
eyeDir = Math.atan2(fly.y, fly.x);
eyeDist = (Math.hypot(fly.y ,fly.x) / 200) * 0.3;
}else{
eyeDir = Math.atan2(mouse.y - this.y, mouse.x - this.x);
eyeDist = (Math.hypot(this.y - mouse.y,this.x - mouse.x) / (Math.min(w,h)/2)) * 0.3;
}
eyeDist = Math.max(-0.3, Math.min(0.3, eyeDist));
var ex,ey;
ex = Math.cos(eyeDir) * spr[IT.eyeOpen].w * eyeDist;
ey = Math.sin(eyeDir) * spr[IT.eyeOpen].h * eyeDist;
imageTools.drawSpriteLinked(this.img, IT.eyeBall, x + f * IT.eyePos.x + ex - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y + ey-py,1,0,1);
imageTools.drawSpriteLinked(this.img, IT.eyeBall, x - f * IT.eyePos.x + ex - px, y + t * IT.eyePos.y + ey-py,1,0,1);
}
}
}
// While mouse is down squat and prep to jump
const preJump = function(){
this.squat += IT.squatRate;
this.jumpPower += 0.5;
if(this.jumpPower > 30 && this.wiggle === 0) {
this.wiggle = 1;
}
this.jumpReady = true;
}
// when mouse released apply jump force
const jumpIt = function(){
var power = -IT.jumpPower * Math.min(IT.maxJumpPower,Math.max(IT.minJump,this.jumpPower))/IT.maxJumpPower;
this.dy = Math.sin(this.angle + Math.PI /2) * power;
this.dx = Math.cos(this.angle + Math.PI /2) * power;
if(this.onGround){
this.jumpDy = this.dy;
this.jumpAngle = this.angle;
}
this.wiggle = 0;
this.jumpPower = 0;
this.jumpReady = false;
this.squat = 0;
this.onGround = false;
}
// creates a character
var createIt = function(x,y,img){
return {
img : img,
x : x, // position
y : y,
dx : 0, // deltat speed
dy : 0,
sqaut : 0, // for landing and pre jump slight squat
onGround : false,
jumpPower : 0,
blink : 0, // blink controls
blinkTimer : 0,
lookAt : "ground", /// where to look
jumpReady : false, // flags if ready to jump
tall : img.sprites[IT.body].h, // how tall
fat : img.sprites[IT.body].w, // how wide
draw : drawIt, // functions
update : updateIt,
jump : jumpIt,
squatF : preJump,
}
}
function display(){ // put code in here
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0); // reset transform
ctx.globalAlpha = 1; // reset alpha
ctx.drawImage(background,0,0,w,h)
ctx.drawImage(ground,0,h-GROUND_OFFSET,w,GROUND_OFFSET);
fly.update()
drawLoad();
if(canPlay){
if(messageCount < MESSAGES.length){
if(it.onGround && !landed){
landed = true;
message = MESSAGES[messageCount];
messageCount += 1;
}
}
if(resized) { // to prevent resize display issue
resized = false;
it.y = h - GROUND_OFFSET - it.tall / 2;
}
if(it.onGround) {
it.angle = Math.atan2((it.y + 130)-10, it.x- mouse.x) / 3;
it.angle = it.angle < -1 ? -1 : it.angle > 1 ? 1 : it.angle;
it.angle = Math.pow(Math.abs(it.angle),0.5) * Math.sign(it.angle);
it.angle -= Math.PI / 4;
if(it.wiggle > 0.1) {
it.angle += Math.sin((it.wiggle * Math.PI) ** 2) * 0.01 * it.wiggle;
it.wiggle *= 0.95;
}
}
if(mouse.buttonRaw & 1){
it.squatF();
}else{
if(it.jumpReady){
it.jump();
landed = false;
}
}
it.update();
it.draw();
}
//ctx.clearRect(0,0,w,h);
}
/*==============================================================================================
// Answer End
==============================================================================================*/
function update(timer){ // Main update loop
globalTimeInt = Math.floor(globalTime = timer);
display(); // call demo code
requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
requestAnimationFrame(update);
/** SimpleFullCanvasMouse.js end **/
I recommend you check this (part 1) and this(part 2) tutorial that I have followed.
Your "jump" animation just boils down to creating a jump function that sets a max jump height to your object and sets a boolean to var jumping = true. As long as your character is "jumping" you increment the y position of your character.
Once you get to your desired height, create a land function that does the opposite.
Make a Javascript setinterval to update the height of object after every 20ms.
after every 20s set height = Initial_Height + u*t - (1/2)gt^2
use g = 9.8, u = some constant according to your screen.
t = Time passed till now. Which mean, Initially t=0, on first update t=20ms, on second update t=40ms.
Basically, you are simulating real life jumping in gravity.