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Navigating back to Search Page with same state (JavaScript)

How do I, using JavaScript, retain the state of the search page, when a user clicks into a search result, but then goes back to the main search page.
e.g.
HTML:
https://startech-enterprises.github.io/docs/guides/data-analytics/data-analytics.html
There are 5 elements that determine what is shown on the page:
What tags are clicked in the three filter menus, on the side
What search term is typed into the search menu bar, at the top
The pagination page that is selected, at the bottom
Problem is that whenever I go into the search result, and navigate back to the main search page, the search page resets itself, so I have to re-enter the search criteria again - which can be quite annoying.
If I click 'back' in the browser, the search page state is retained, but the search script stops working. Also, using the 'browser' back button only goes back one 'link' - so if the user clicks on several links in any page (returned from the search), they have to press the 'back' button many times, to get back to the main search page - which again isn't ideal.
Any ideas on how to solve this? Would seem like a fairly common problem?
The site is purely static, (generated using Markdown and Jekyll). Site interactivity is set with Vanilla JavaScript, and SASS/SCSS.
Pls do help!
Many thanks in advance.
Sachin
UPDATE: This has now been solved based on the answers given below

You can simply do it by saving the data in users device . You can do it by using cookies or by localStorage. I prefer localStorage because users can deny cookies easily.
Like this-
localStorage.setItem("tags",tagItemsInAnArray);
And laterlocalStorage.getItem("tags");

You can use localStorage to keep the search filter data. The concept is to keep all filter data in an array and keep that array in the localStorage of the browser before any redirection. Here is an official documentation with implementation of localStorage.
Here is a demo:
//before redirection
let filterData = [];
localStorage.setItem("searchFilter", JSON.stringify(filterData));
//after page-load
let cachedFilterData= JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("searchFilter"));
if(cachedFilterData.length>0){
//cache data exist
}
//when you need to delete cache
localStorage.removeItem("searchFilter");

jquery history.go() to a specific page after navigating to different pages

I have a scenario where I want to return to a specific page after I navigate to different pages. The scenario is that a user makes a search, gets the results in the same page. He can then make updates on the a specific result on a different page. I would like to create a link that can bring the user back to the search result page. I am trying to user history.go(specificnumber), but how can I get the variable specificnumber from when the user make its first search to the number of page visited or loaded after the search. Or am I in the wrong direction for the implementation?

Maybe I misunderstood your question but if you just want to go to a previous page you can use window.history.back();
Otherwise if you want to save all input data from user (to user) and use it to navigate next you can just use document.cookies or localStorage.

Store and load JavaScript variables via Json

I need to store some dynamic variables in a Json file (i was told this would work) to be able to load them in multiple pages. Per example a customer should be able to select one thing in one page (a highlighted div) and then go to another page, select some items there and be able to go pack to the other page and that div is still selected. (Variables remembered) Now i tried to google and search here but found nothing matching my description. Please help me!

Try using localstorage, store selected values by user in localstorage and check this at page ready or load if it exists in loacalstorage show that value or div with highlight as per your functionality and if localstorage doesn't had a value then consider it as first time user come to this page.
but be careful using localstorage as you have to clear it when you done with it, it may cause memory leakage problem.

How to Retain text in Text box using Javascript?

I have A page for registering user Details and from this page I have an option for adding his Sate/Continent. After Adding Sate/Continent he can navigate to his previous page.. But At this time Already filled Data's are missing so that he can have to enter again this.. Is there any possibility to solve this using javascript??

Since you are navigating away from page you can either use some server side code to create a session and retain values between pages. Or you can use js cookies to retain the values like
document.cookie="continent=asia";

Clicking the browser Back button to return to an ajax page and have it look the same?

I've tried doing some research on the various jquery history plugins, but I can't find any examples for my situation, so I'm starting to think maybe what I'm trying to do is not possible.
We have a very complicated search page that updates with ajax. Users search using a ton of options, and they get back a list of results which they can sort, page etc. Then if they click on one of the results, it navigates them to another page to view the details. However, if they click Back they do not return back to how the page appeared after all the ajax and javascript updates. They see the search page with none of their results.
I was hoping that I could pull of something with adding a hash before they navigated away, or using one of the jquery history plugins to achieve something similar, so that when they clicked Back, it wouldn't RELOAD the search page, but would just show them their cached version (how it last looked when they clicked on one of the results).
From what I've seen, it looks like most of the examples I've found for ajax and back buttons use a hash value that tells the page how to arrange itself, even allowing for bookmarking the page that includes the hash. I think for me that would mean that I'd basically have to serialize everything in the search page into a hash value, which doesn't seem practical unless I am totally misunderstanding how it works.
Does anyone out there know if this possible?

There are at least 2 ways to do what you want:
"Classic" - store all user search options in cookie or in session, like "last search". So, when user navigates to search page during session, you can read cookie / session and show last search results with that options.
"Modern" way - use HTML5 history API - on each search form a search options object and push it in via history.pushState - when user navigate to other page and then presses "back", browser will use this state to perform a search.

If it's that complex, better you develop your own solution without any plugin. Just use location.hash to get and set hash value and store all form input elements and their values after hash like a querystring input1=a&input2=b
On every form submit update hash querystring
If user navigates back in history read hash value parse it and update your form fields and submit to get search results automatically.

you can check out SammyJS this is the plugin I used for ajax history. Hope it helps