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How to Do Firebase Special Character Sensitive Search?

https://example.com/foods.json?orderBy="title"&startAt="Yoğurt"&endAt="Yoğurt\uf8ff"
With the above link, I can search the data in Firebase Realtime Database Rest Api using startAt, endAt query parameters.
How can I find the results when searching with similar special characters?
For example, yoğurt and yogurt, kızartma and kizartma
I want to get the same result when written both ways.
If this is not possible with Firebase, is it possible with String methods in Javascript or Dart programming language?

There is nothing built into Firebase for performing this type of search, so you will have to do your own work to allow it.
The simplest way is to store a secondary value for each string that you want to search, where you map each character back to a single representative value you want to search on.
A very common mapping is for example to map all text to a single case (uppercase or lowercase) so that searches become case-insensitive. You can do similar for the accented characters, mapping the ğ to g. So by combining these two tricks, Yoğurt becomes yogurt.
Same for the ı you show (and İ), mapping all four I variants in the Turkish alphabet to i.
Doing this for all special characters gives you a single string value (in addition to the user input, which you should also still store) that you can use for searches.
For more on this, I recommend also reading Dan's answer here.

Custom - Javascript regular expression to validate custom email addresses

I want it to be correct my JavaScript regex pattern to validate below email address scenarios
msekhar#yahoo.com
msekhar#cs.aau.edu
ms.sekhar#yahoo.com
ms_sekhar#yahoo.com
msekhar#cs2.aau.edu
msekhar#autobots.ai
msekhar#interior.homeland1.myanmar.mm
msekhar1922#yahoo.com
msekhar#21#autobots.com
\u001\u002#autobots.com
I have tried the following regex pattern but it's not validating all the above scenarios
/^[_a-z0-9]+(\.[_a-z0-9]+)*#[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})$/
Could any one please help me with this where am doing wrong?

The following regex should do:
^(([^<>()\[\]\.,;:\s#\"]+(\.[^<>()\[\]\.,;:\s#\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))#(([^<>()[\]\.,;:\s#\"]+\.)+[^<>()[\]\.,;:\s#\"]{2,})$
Test it: https://regex101.com/r/7gH0BR/2
EDIT: I have added all your test cases

I have always used this one but note it doesn't trigger on escaped unicode:
^([\w\d._\-#])+#([\w\d._\-#]+[.][\w\d._\-#]+)+$
You can see how it works here: https://regex101.com/r/caa7b2/4

First off [_a-z0-9]+ is going to match the username fields for the majority of those testcases. Anything further testing of username field content will result in a mismatch. If you write a pattern that expects two .-delimitered fields, it'll match when you provide two .-delimitered fields and only then, not anything else. Make a mental note of that. I think you probably meant to put the . in the first character set, and omit this part here: (.[_a-z0-9]+)...
As for the domain part of the email address, similar story there... if you're trying to match domains containing two labels (yahoo and com) against a pattern that expects three... it's going to fail because there's one less label, right? There are domain names that only contain one label which you might want to recognise as email addresses, too, like localhost...
You know, there is a point to where you can dig yourself down a very deep rabbit hole trying to parse email addresses, much to the effect of this question and answer sequence. If you're making this complex using regular expressions... I think maybe a better tool is a proper parser generator... otherwise, write the following:
A pattern that matches anything up until an # character
A pattern that matches the # character (this will help you learn how to avoid your .-related error)
A pattern that matches everything (this will help you understand your .-related error)
Combine the three above in the order presented.

Combining RegEx's

I have two regex's that I am trying to combine. One is email specific and the other checks certain special characters. I have arrived at this solution following much toying:
"^([-0-9a-zA-Z.+_]+#[-0-9a-zA-Z.+_]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[\\w\\-ÀÈÌÒÙàèìòùÁÉÍÓÚÝáéíóúýÂÊÎÔÛâêîôûÃÑÕãñõÄËÏÖÜŸäëïöüŸçÇŒœßØøÅåÆæÞþÐð _]){0,80}$"
It does seem to check what I need it to, but for instance the following is still returned valid: abc#foo it does not force a full email address.
Am I using the correct approach or is there a simpler way to structure this RegEx? I'm on a learning curve with regex so all advice appreciated.

Move the multiplier {0,80} inside the parenthesis:
"^([-0-9a-zA-Z.+_]+#[-0-9a-zA-Z.+_]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[\\w\\-ÀÈÌÒÙàèìòùÁÉÍÓÚÝáéíóúýÂÊÎÔÛâêîôûÃÑÕãñõÄËÏÖÜŸäëïöüŸçÇŒœßØøÅåÆæÞþÐð _]{0,80})$"
// here __^^^^^^^
Also [a-zA-Z]{2,4} is really poor to validate TLDs, have a look at IANA.
And me#localhost is a valid email address.

How to approach string length constraints when localization is brought into the equation?

Once there was a search input.
It was responsible for filtering data in a table based on user input.
But this search input was special: it would not do anything unless a minimum of 3 characters was entered.
Not because it was lazy, but because it didn't make sense otherwise.
Everything was good until a new and strange (compared to English) language came to town.
It was Japanese and now the minimum string length of 3 was stupid and useless.
I lost the last few pages of that story. Does anyone remember how it ends?

In order to fix the issue, you obviously need to determine if user's input belongs to certain script(s). The most obvious way to do this is to use Unicode Regular Expressions:
var regexPattern = "[\\p{Katakana}\\p{Hiragana}\\p{Han}]+";
The only issue would be, that JavaScript does not support this kind of regular expressions out of the box. Anyway, you are lucky - there is a JS library called XRegExp and its Scripts add-on seems to exactly what you need. Now, the question is, whether you want to require at least three characters for non-Japanese or non-Chinese users, or do it otherwise - require at least three characters for certain scripts (Latin, Common, Cyrillic, Greek and Hebrew) while allowing any other to be searched on one character. I'd suggest the second solution:
if (XRegExp('[\\p{Latin}\\p{Common}\\p{Cyrillic}\\p{Greek}\\p{Hebrew}]+').test(input)) {
// test for string length and call AJAX if the string is long enough
} else {
// call AJAX search method
}
You might want to pre-compile the regular expression for better performance, but that's basically it.

I guess it mainly depends on where you get that min length variable from. If it's hardcoded, you'd probably better use a dynamic internationalization module:
int.getMinStringLength(int.getCurrentLanguage())
Either you have a dynamic bindings framework such as AngularJS, or you update that module when the user changes the language.
Now maybe you'd want to sort your supported languages by using grouping attributes such as "verbose" and "condensed".

escape exactly what in javascript

Being a newbie in javascript I came to a situation where I need more information on escaping characters in a string.
Basically I know that in order to escape " I need to replace it with \" but what I don't know is for which characters I need to escape a particular string for. Is there a list of these "characters to escape"? or is it any character that is not a-zA-Z0-9 ?
In my situation, I don't have control over the content that is being displayed on my page. Users enter some text and save it. I then use a webservice to extract them from the database, build a json array of objects, then iterate the array when I need to display them. In this case, I have - naturally - no idea of what the text the user has entered and therefore for what characters I need to escape. I also use jQuery for this specific project (just in case it has a function I am not aware of, to do what I need)
Providing examples would be appreciated but I also want to learn the theory and logic behind it.
Hope someone can be of any help.

There's no need to escape everything that's not a-zA-Z0-9, take a look at this example:
http://www.c-point.com/javascript_tutorial/special_characters.htm
You may also want to check out this site which holds information about escaping string, especially URLs, etc. etc.
http://www.the-art-of-web.com/javascript/escape/