I need an array structure that includes the user id as array key and can store more information about that user (2 dimensional array). In my case if he is allowed to perform database requests, these are represented by request id and true/false.
Each user can have multiple requests
For example:
User id =14 and requests ids =22 and true and 45 and false
User id =12 and requests ids =44 and false and 77 and false
It should look like this:
var users_rights={14:{22:true,45:false},12:{44:false,77:false}}
I’m struggling with js syntax since
var id[14] ;
Creates an array with 14 elements and the rest of the array is empty but I want an array where at the 14 position all my requests information are stored.
You can use the [] syntax with regular JS objects like the one you describe. Simple example:
var ob = {10: {11:true}, 12: {13: false}};
console.log(ob[10]); //Displays the object {11:true}
console.log(ob[10][11]); //Displays true
If you create the array first, then assign the values you will edit only the nth element e.g.
var id = [];
id[14] = 'xyz'
Gives an array with 14 undefined's and 'xyz' as the 15th element.
It sounds as though you don't want an array at all, you want an object with object values for its properties (or if you're using ES2015, a Map of Maps).
Your
var users_rights={14:{22:true,45:false},12:{44:false,77:false}}
(which is perfectly valid syntax, other than you should have a ; at the end) gives you the former: You index into it with the user ID (14) and then index into the object you get as a result with the request IDs (22 and/or 45), which gives you a boolean value.
You create an object like this:
var users_rights = {};
You add a property to it for the key 14 like this:
users_rights[14] = {};
You add properties to that the same way:
users_rights[14][22] = true;
users_rights[14][45] = false;
These objects are just plain objects, not arrays. Brackets notation works with them just fine (in fact, it's the fact that brackets notation works with objects that makes it work with arrays, because standard arrays in JavaScript aren't really arrays at all).
Related
I have an array with the name data containing objects like so:
[{"timeslot":"6am-7am","Monday":5},{"timeslot":"7am-8am","Monday":0},{"timeslot":"8am-9am","Monday":10}]
Each object contains two key-value pairs. I need to create two new arrays:
an array, timeslots, containing each value associated with the "timeslot" key
an array, numUsers, containing each integer value associated with the "Monday" key
Here is my Javascript:
var timeslots = [];
var numUsers = [];
var keys = Object.keys(data[0]);
var today = keys[1];
for(var i in data) {
timeslots.push(data[i].timeslot);
numUsers.push(data[i].today);
}
The first line of the for loop works, and returns the following timeslots array:
["6am-7am", "7am-8am", "8am-9am"]
The second line, however, returns an array of undefined elements.
My problem is, the second key value of the objects in the data array varies. Each object will contain the same day of the week, but this day can be any one of "Monday" through "Sunday".
How can I reference it dynamically?
You can access object value using square brackets notation in the same way as you use it with i:
numUsers.push(data[i][today]);
N.B. However, your code has several very important problems that will eventually bring you errors. One of the most visible is that you rely on the order of the object properties and retrieve an array of keys with Object.keys, setting the second key as the value of today variable. Your mistake is that in different systems and browsers the code like Object.keys(obj)[1] may return different results, as object properties in JavaScript don't have order. Also, you shouldn't use for .. in statement to iterate arrays, instead utilise simple for (var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i++) loop. And finally, don't forget, that data array may contain zero items, so your code data[0] will raise an error. I would suggest you to reconsider the business logic of your application and probably to rewrite it to make it more reliable.
You need this:
numUsers.push(data[i][Object.keys(data[i])[1]]);
In my code i initialize array then put a value inside it why the output be 0 ?in spite of this should be 1
var changedfields=[];
changedfields['product']="productname";
alert(changedfields.length);
You're creating an associative array (normal arrays have an numeric index) but are actually trying to build a HashMap (a key, value pair). Use Objects or ES6 Maps.
I hope the following example will help you out:
var changedfields = {}; // create an object
changedfields['product']="productname";
var keys = Object.keys(changedfields); // returns the keys of the object ['product']
alert(keys.length);
I would suggest to read more about datastructures in javascript and avoid associative arrays in general.
Length of a JavaScript object (that is, associative array)
associative array versus object in javascript
Your question is interesting. Following is the answer.
First of all Arrays in Javascript are object type.
The first line you wrote creates an empty array and it's type is object.
var changedfields=[];
The second line you wrote creates a property called product of changedfields and sets the value to productname. It allows you add the product property because Javascript Array type is object. If you just had var changedfields; you could not add this property.
changedfields['product']="productname";
The third line you wrote simply finds the length of the empty array.
alert(changedfields.length);
In Javascript associative arrays are achieved using object. But if you want to add the product name in changedfields array. You could use push method like below and check the length:
changedfields.push('productname');
console.log(changedfields.length);
Javascript numerical indexed array length
So the Javascript numerical indexed array length can be calculated this way:
console.log(array.length);
console.log(changedfields.length); // in your case
The Javascript associative array length
The Javascript associative array (object) length can be calculated following ways:
Option 1:
Object.len = function(obj) {
var objLen = 0;
for (i in obj) {
obj.hasOwnProperty(i) ? objLen++ : '';
}
return objLen;
};
console.log(Object.len(changedfields));
Option 2:
console.log(Object.keys(array).length);
console.log(Object.keys(changedfields).length); // in your case
Note: This has issues with Internet Explorer 8, Opera etc
I have a strange problem. I need a multidimensional javascript array that has numeric indexes e.g.:
MyArray = new Array();
$(".list-ui-wrapper").each(function(){
var unique = $(this).attr('id').replace(/[^\d.]/g,'');
MyArray ["'"+unique+"'"] = new Array();
});
The unique is a 8 digit integer. So if I dont wrap it inside the quotes, the ListUI_col_orders array will become extremly big, because if the unique = 85481726 then javascript will fill the array with 85481725 undefined elements before the the new empty array at the 85481726th index.
My problem is that later if i generate the unique again i cannot access the array anymore:
var unique = $(this).attr('id').replace(/[^\d.]/g,'');
console.log(MyArray [unique]); // undefined
console.log(MyArray ['"'+unique+'"']); // undefined
console.log(MyArray [unique.toString()]); // undefined
Any tips?
If you are going to use an array that's mostly sparse, then use a Hash table instead.
eg, set your variable as follows:
ListUI_col_Orders = {};
Then your indexing will be a key, so you don't have to worry about all the interstitial elements taking up space.
...because if the unique = 85481726 then javascript will fill the array with 85481725 undefined elements before the the new empty array at the 85481726th index.
No, it won't. JavaScript standard arrays are sparse. Setting an element at index 85481725 results in an array with one entry, and a length value of 85481726. That's all it does. More: A myth of arrays
The problem is that you're trying to retrieve the information with a different key than the key you used to store it. When storing, you're using a key with single quotes in it (actually in the key), on this line of code:
MyArray ["'"+unique+"'"] = new Array();
Say unique is 85481726. That line then is equivalent to this:
MyArray ["'85481726'"] = new Array();
Note that the key you're using (the text between the double quotes) has ' at the beginning and end. The actual property name has those quotes in it. Since it doesn't fit the definition of an array index, it doesn't affect length. It's a non-index object property. (How can you add a property to an array that isn't an array index? Arrays are not really arrays, see the link above.)
Later, you never use that key when trying to retrieve the value:
var unique = $(this).attr('id').replace(/[^\d.]/g,'');
console.log(MyArray [unique]); // undefined
console.log(MyArray ['"'+unique+'"']); // undefined
console.log(MyArray [unique.toString()]); // undefined
The keys you tried there were 85481726, "85481726" (with double quotes), and 85481726 again. Note that you never tried '85481726' (with single quotes), which is the key you used originally. Since you didn't use the same key, you didn't get the value.
Either use consistent quotes, or (much better) don't use quotes at all. Don't worry about the array length being a large number, JavaScript arrays are inherently sparse. Adding an entry with a large index does not create several thousand undefined entries in front of it.
All of that being said, unless you need the "array-ness" of arrays, you can just use an object instead. Arrays are useful if you use their features; if you're not using their array features, just use an object.
More about the sparseness of arrays: Consider this code:
var a = [];
a[9] = "testing";
console.log(a.length); // 10
Although the length property is 10, the array has only one entry in it, at index 9. This is not just sophistry, it's the actual, technical truth. You can tell using in or hasOwnProperty:
console.log(a.hasOwnProperty(3)); // false
console.log("3" in a); // false
When you try to retrieve an array element that doesn't exist, the result of that retrieval is undefined. But that doesn't mean there's an element there; there isn't. Just that trying to retrieve an element that doesn't exist returns undefined. You get the same thing if you try to retrieve any other property the object doesn't have:
var a = [];
a[9] = "testing";
console.log(a[0]); // undefined
console.log(a[200]); // undefined
console.log(a["foo"]); // undefined
Final note: All of this is true of the standard arrays created with [] or new Array(). In the next spec, JavaScript is gaining true arrays, created with constructors like Int32Array and such. Those are real arrays. (Many engines already have them.)
This seems to be a common source of confusion from what I've seen, and apparently I'm no exception. I've read a few tutorials on this, and I still can't quite get my head around it. From what I can gather, Arrays are objects in Javascript, just like Strings and other variable types. But I still don't get how that helps me declare a multidimensional array with alphanumeric keys.
In PHP I can simply write:
$calendar = array();
foreach ($schedule->currentExhibitions as $key) {
$calendar[$key["ExhibitionID"]]["startDate"] = date("Y,n,j", strtotime($exhibition["StartDate"]));
$calendar[$key["ExhibitionID"]]["endDate"] = date("Y,n,j", strtotime($exhibition["StartDate"]));
}
But in Javascript trying something similar will create errors. Should I create an Array and fill it will Objects? If so, how would I go about doing so? Or should I just use an Object entirely and skip having any sort of Array? (If so, how do I create a multidimensional Object?)
Sorry for the newbish quesion!
If your keys are strictly numerical and ordered starting at zero, then an array makes sense and you can use square bracket notation just like you would in php, although you will need to initialize sub-arrays if you want to have multiple dimensions :
var myArray = [];
myArray[0] = [];
myArray[0][0] = "something interesting";
If your keys are not numerical, ordered and starting at zero, then you should use an object (all keys are strings), which still allows the square bracket notation :
var myObject = {};
myObject["1A"] = {};
myObject["1A"]["3B"] = "something interesting";
In Javascript, an array is an object, who's keys are numerical, sequential, indexes.
As soon as you want to use alpha-numerica (aka strings) keys, you use a regular object.
In JS to do what you want, you'd do the following (using more or less your php code).
var calendar = {};
Object.keys(schedule.currentExhibitions).forEach(function(key) {
var ex = schedule.currentExhibitions[key];
calendar[ex.exhibitionId] = calendar[ex.exhibitionId] || {}; //if the key doesn't exist, create it.
calendar[ex.exhibitionId].startDate = date(); //some js date function here
calendar[ex.exhibitionId].endDate = date(); //your js date function here
});
I look at Multidimension as nesting, and at multiple levels of nestings as complex objects. For example:
var parent = [];//top holder
var child1 = {};
child1.name = "Jim";
parent.push(child1);
In this simple example, you can access child1 like this:
parent[0]["name"] //Jim
So that is, in a way, multidemensional. Instead of using ["name"] as an indexer, or child1 as an object it could also be an array, like this:
var parent = [];//top holder
var child1 = [];
child1.push("Jim");
parent.push(child1);
In this example, you could get Jim with:
parent[0][0];//Jim
So for complex examples you may have multiple levels of these nestings (or dimensions).
parent[0]["Child"].grandChild[5]["cousin"].name //etc
Where that would just be a continuation of the previous examples down the line.
If you want to preserve order or you want to access by numeric index, use an array. The value of the array can be a single value or an object or array itself (so each value in the array can contain more than a simple value).
If you want to access by a unique alphanumeric key, then use an object and assign properties to it.
Arrays have numeric indexes. They do not have alphanumeric indexes.
Objects have string keys.
Because an array is also an object, it can have both types of keys, but using a string key is not an array access, it's accessing a property of the object.
When you ask for the .length of an array, you only get the length of the numeric indexes. It does not include other properties of the object.
An array of objects is a very practical data structure in javascript and is used quite often when either order or index by numeric index is important.
If order is not important or you don't need to access by numeric index and just want to access by an alpha numeric string, then you should just use an object and set a properties on it with keys that are your alphanumeric string.
I was trying to define an array (including other arrays as values) in a single javascript statement, that I can loop through to validate a form on submission.
The function I wrote to (try to) create inline arrays follows:
function arr(){
var inc;
var tempa = new Array(Math.round(arguments.length/2));
for(inc=0; inc<arguments.length; inc=inc+2) {
tempa[arguments[inc]]=arguments[inc+1];
}
return tempa;
}
This is called three times here to assign an array:
window.validArr = arr(
'f-county',arr('maxlen',10, 'minlen',1),
'f-postcode',arr('maxlen',8, 'minlen',6)
);
However in the javascript debugger the variable is empty, and the arr() function is not returning anything. Does anyone know why my expectations on what this code should do are incorrect?
(I have worked out how to create the array without this function, but I'm curious why this code doesn't work (I thought I understood javascript better than this).)
Well from what your code does, you're not really making arrays. In JavaScript, the thing that makes arrays special is the management of the numerically indexed properties. Otherwise they're just objects, so they can have other properties too, but if you're not using arrays as arrays you might as well just use objects:
function arr(){
var inc;
var tempa = {};
for(inc=0; inc<arguments.length; inc=inc+2) {
tempa[arguments[inc]]=arguments[inc+1];
}
return tempa;
}
What you're seeing from the debugger is the result of it attempting to show you your array as a real array should be shown: that is, its numerically indexed properties. If you call your "arr()" function as is and then look at (from your example) the "f-county" property of the result, you'll see something there.
Also, if you do find yourself wanting a real array, there's absolutely no point in initializing them to a particular size. Just create a new array with []:
var tempa = [];
Your code works. Just inspect your variable, and you will see that the array has the custom keys on it. If not expanded, your debugger shows you just the (numerical) indixed values in short syntax - none for you.
But, you may need to understand the difference between Arrays and Objects. An Object is just key-value-pairs (you could call it a "map"), and its prototype. An Array is a special type of object. It has special prototype methods, a length functionality and a different approach: to store index-value-pairs (even though indexes are still keys). So, you shouldn't use an Array as an associative array.
Therefore, their literal syntax differs:
var array = ["indexed with key 0", "indexed with key 1", ...];
var object = {"custom":"keyed as 'custom'", "another":"string", ...};
// but you still can add keys to array objects:
array.custom = "keyed as 'custom'";