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jQuery .fadeOut method on and element that is being appended after DOM load

(I am 9 weeks into a boot camp, so I apologize for the potentially rudimentary nature of this...)
I am appending an element to the DOM (a button) within a conditional:
$('.buttonsAndInputs').append(`<button id="clearHistoryButton">Clear All</button>`);
When this button is clicked, it runs through a series of functions to empty an array and clear some other content off the DOM. I would like to use the .fadeOut method of jQuery to remove THE BUTTON.
I have this in a subsequent function:
$('#clearHistoryButton').remove();
I would like to:
$('#clearHistoryButton').fadeOut(1000);
...so that it disappears in a fancy fashion.
It's not working - it simply waits one second and then - POOF - is gone.
This is my first question. This community has been ESSENTIAL in my growth in this realm and, as always, I appreciate all of you so very much.

Did you try transition: opacity 1s in your CSS ?
Advantage:
Hardware accelerated (GPU), i.e. it doesn't bother your main processor (CPU) with this task, whereas jQuery's fadeOut() function is software based and does take CPU resources for that effect.
Steps:
Add transition: opacity 1s to your CSS rules of the desired button element
here: ( #clearHistoryButton )
Add a CSS rule with button.fadeMeOut with opacity: 0
Add a simple jQuery function to add the class ".fadeMeOut" at click
Then remove button with setTimeout(function(){$('#clearHistoryButton').remove()},1000)
Run code snippet
$(function() { // Shorthand for $( document ).ready()
$("#clearHistoryButton").on( "click", function() {
// first: fade out the button with CSS
$(this).addClass("fadeMeOut");
// then: after fadeOut effect is complete, remove button from your DOM
setTimeout(function(){
$('#clearHistoryButton').remove();
},1000);
});
});
button {
opacity: 1;
-webkit-transition: opacity 1s;
-moz-transition: opacity 1s;
transition: opacity 1s;
}
button.fadeMeOut {
opacity: 0;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button id="clearHistoryButton">Press to hide me</button>

CSS opacity animation changes position? [closed]

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Does the CSS animation property when used to change opacity also change the position of an element? If so, what is going on in the DOM that makes that happen, and how can it be offset?
Context: I've added a Javascript EventListener to a set of images, which when clicked calls a function that initiates a CSS animation fading the clicked image. A timer is also set that removes a CSS class thereby returning the clicked image from opacity 0 to opacity 1. It all works fine except that the image reappears slightly off to the left and top from where I originally placed it and where I want it to be. The same unwanted effect happens on both Chrome and Safari.
Here's the CSS:
.hiddenanimal {
animation: animalfade 1s;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}
#keyframes animalfade {
from { opacity: 1;
} to { opacity: 0;
}
}

Simple answer: A CSS animation will only change values you tell it to. In your example:
#keyframes animalfade {
from {opacity: 1;} to {opacity: 0;}
}
The only thing that will change is the opacity.
If your element is moving then something else is happening and maybe not to the element with the animation.
You ask what is going on in the DOM. Technically: nothing. The CSS values are changing over time, not the DOM.
Having a better example would help others to be able to answer your question better. I have made assumptions and have no idea is my answer is even close to what you want to know. If you can update your question to include some HTML and JavaScript then I can modify my answer.

Remove an element whilst enter animation is still running

I have an animation which runs on any new item to a grid. Lets say this animation takes 5 seconds to run. Currently, if I try removing that element within the 5 seconds (so whilst the enter animation is still running), the item remains in the list until the enter animation finishes.
Looking at the docs, it says that this is by design:
You'll notice that when you try to remove an item
ReactCSSTransitionGroup keeps it in the DOM. If you're using an
unminified build of React with add-ons you'll see a warning that React
was expecting an animation or transition to occur. That's because
ReactCSSTransitionGroup keeps your DOM elements on the page until the
animation completes.
It ways that you need to add the following (updated to the relevant class names obviously) and it should work for the case described above:
.example-leave {
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity .5s ease-in;
}
.example-leave.example-leave-active {
opacity: 0.01;
}
I'm not finding this to be the case, even though I have the described leave classes, I'm finding that it is still waiting for the original enter animation to finish, is this behavior correct, how do I fix this?
Here is a video showing the quirk in question - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oKerWlLZIE
If it makes a difference here is my classes:
.request-summary-item-holder-enter {
background-color: #F8F5EC;
transition: background-color 5s ease-in;
}
.request-summary-item-holder-enter.request-summary-item-holder-enter-active {
background-color: transparent;
}
.request-summary-item-holder-leave {
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 0.05s ease-in;
}
.request-summary-item-holder-leave.request-summary-item-holder-leave-active {
opacity: 0.01;
}
Update:
Source code references:
Setting the state - https://github.com/avanderhoorn/Glimpse.Client.Prototype/blob/master/src/request/components/request-summary-view.jsx#L33
Usage of transition group and setting keys - https://github.com/avanderhoorn/Glimpse.Client.Prototype/blob/master/src/request/components/request-summary-list-view.jsx

JQuery hover function opacity animation

trying to animate a divs opacity when hovering some other element. First I tried it with display none/block, but it read somewhere it's impossible to make a transition for that.
This is a little complicated, because this is supposed to work on each element of the same type with a different id the same. (Picture gallery with a caption to appear on the bottom of the img element when the picture is hovered.)
The HTML structure is like this:
<article id="{PostID}">
<div class="post-content">
<a><img></a>
<div class="post-content--padded">
<p>Caption of the picture.</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
First I went with a mouseover, mouseout approach added to the post-content div which looked like this:
onmouseover="document.getElementById('{PostID}').getElementsByClassName('post-content--padded')[0].style.opacity='1.0';" onmouseout="document.getElementById('{PostID}').getElementsByClassName('post-content--padded')[0].style.opacity='0.0';"
That worked, but there was no transition. I've set the CSS up with transition handlers to apply to all the css changes within post-content--padded like so:
-webkit-transition: all 0.3s;
-moz-transition: all 0.3s;
transition: all 0.3s;
This doesn't seem to affect the mouseover, mouseout opacity change I do, so I tried adding .animate() to that, without much success. Well I got post-content to fade in and out, but not post-content--padded
Different approach
That all didn't work so much. So I tried using the JQuery function hover().
Long story short I added this above the html in question:
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#{PostID}.post-content').hover(
function(){ $('#{PostID}.post-content.post-content--padded').stop().animate({'opacity': '1'}, 'slow');},
function(){ $('#{PostID}.post-content.post-content--padded').stop().animate({'opacity': '0'}, 'slow');}
);
});
</script>
This just doesn't want to work though. Endless browsing of stackoverflow and other sources didn't seem to help me with this. Being stuck on this for over an hour I decided to simply ask. It cannot be that hard to add a hover > opactiy transition.
Hope I've not been clear and people understand my issue here.

you can do it just using css if you need only on hover
.post-content--padded{
opacity: 0;
-webkit-transition: all 2s;
-moz-transition: all 2s;
transition: all 2s;
}
.post-content:hover .post-content--padded{
opacity: 1;
-webkit-transition: all 2s;
-moz-transition: all 2s;
transition: all 2s;
}
see demo HERE
and if you want to use Jquery
$('.post-content--padded').hide();
$('.post-content').hover(function(){
$(this).find('.post-content--padded').fadeToggle(2000);
});
see demo HERE

I also worked on combining hover with animate and it worked like that:
in CSS opacity for "a" = 0
and in jQuery:
$("#classy").hover(function(){
$("#classy").animate({
opacity:"1"
},200);
}, function(){
$("#classy").animate({
opacity:"0"
},200);
});

Here is a jQuery method that works:
HTML
<div id='hover-me'>hover over me</div>
<div id='change-me'>I change opacity</div>
CSS
.hide {
opacity:0;
}
JS
$('#hover-me').hover( function() {
if ($('#change-me').hasClass('hide')) {
$('#change-me').removeClass('hide', 'slow');
} else {
$('#change-me').addClass('hide', 'slow');
}
});
jsFiddle Demo
*This is with jQueryUI included

How does Google achieve the fading effect on the home page?

If you go to google.com, you notice the menu on top slowly appears once you have mouse over the page. I was wondering what does Google use to control the fading effect?
[edit] since I don't use jQuery, I don't want to include it just to use this feature

There are two ways.
Javascript
Works in most browsers.
Gradually change the CSS opacity attribute of an element using Javascript. That's easiest with a good framework like jQuery, but is quite simple to do yourself.
function fadeIn() {
var element = document.getElementById("someID");
var newOpacity = element.style.opacity + 0.05;
element.style.opacity = newOpacity;
if (newOpacity < 1) {
window.setTimeout(fadeIn, 50);
}
}
Pure CSS
Only supported in Webkit at the moment.
#someID {
opacity:0;
-webkit-transition: opacity 1s linear;
}
#someID:hover {
opacity:1;
}
For an example have a look at the Surfin' Safari blog.

You could use jQuery and add an onmousemove callback on the tag that fades a hidden div with id "mymenu" in, something like:
$("html").one("mousemove", function() {
$("#mymenu").fadeIn("slow")
});
Warning: this was typed here, so I dunno if it compiles ootb.

I've never looked at it, but it's only logical to assume that there's a timer that gets started at load time for the page, and that adjusts either the alpha for the specified element or the opacity of another element that overlays it, in that element's CSS. Every timer tick, the numbers get turned up/down a little and the text becomes a bit more legible. When full visibility is reached, the timer is turned off.
JQuery is a finished, ready to use implementation of this in a cross-platform compatible package. You just add it, stir it up and it's done.
If you choose not to take the advice of the other answers, you'll have to research and implement the strategy from my top paragraph on your own. Good luck!

This is actually a rather complex thing to do because of the cross browser differences. The basics are something like the following:
Get the current opactity of the element as float.
Determine the ending opacity as float.
Determine your rate speed - i dont know what this should be in raw terms - somthing like .01/ms maybe?
Use a setInterval to fire a function that increases the opacity by your rate where: setInterval(function(){myElement.style.opacity = parseFloat(myElement.style.opacity)+0.01;}, 1); Somewhere in ther though you need to check if youve reached the endpoint of your animation and shutdown your interval.

I would think that they set the initial opacity of the elements other than the search box to zero. When the mouseover event is fired, the elements' opacity is gradually increased to 1.
Edit: In code it would look something like this:
var hiddenStuff = document.getElementByClassName("hiddenStuff");
var interval=document.setInterval(function() {
for (var i=0; i<hiddenStuff.length;i++){
hiddenStuff[i].style.opacity+=0.1
}
if (hiddenStuff[1].style.opacity===1){
window.clearInterval(interval);
}
}, 100);
You may need to tweak the parameters to get a smooth animation.

#Georg, that example works on Firefox 3.5 too. :-)

Demo: PURE CSS http://jsfiddle.net/6QS2a/1/
</div>
css:
.item {
height:150px;
width:150px;
border-radius:100%;
background:skyblue;
-webkit-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
-moz-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
-ms-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
-o-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
opacity:0.2;
}
.item:hover {
opacity: 1;
}