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self-executing anonymous functions and call it again

I want to do something like this:
var build= (function(){
//my function body
})();
function test(){
//somthing then call build
build() //i want to call build function again in my code
}
How can I do this?
I tried this in angular:
var buildRoot = (() => {
$SubNode.get({
TypeID: vendorAdminService.NodeType.Category
}, function(data: vendorAdminService.IGetNodeParameters) {
$scope.ProductTree = data.TreeNodeModelItem;
$scope.AjaxLoading = false;
}, function(err) {
// alert(err)
})
})();
$mdDialog.show(confirm).then(function() {
$Category.Remove(node.ID)
buildRoot
}, function() {
});
but it does not work.
Anybody can guide me??

You need to return a function in your IIFE.
If you IIF is not trivial and has many functionalities you could also consider using Reveal Module Pattern.
var build = (function() {
var f = function() {
console.log('hello');
};
f();
return f;
})();
function test() {
build();
}
test();

Just use a named function.
Your IIFE needs to return a function, for later calling. But then is no need for an anonymous function.
function build() {
//my function body
}
or
var build = function () {
//my function body
};

var build = (function() {
var init = function() {
// magic code
};
return {
init: init
}
}());
function test() {
build.init()
}
test();
You include all your functionalities inside your build object, and you'll be able to call them as soon as you return them from inside that object. This effectively is called the revealing module pattern
For more information, read this

I see that there are missing semi-colons ";"
$mdDialog.show(confirm).then(function() {
$Category.Remove(node.ID);
buildRoot();
}, function() {
});

How to call function inside function through only HTML

I just can't reach the function inside function using only HTML.
How to call setLayout() using only HTML or is it able to call only in Javascript?
<button onclick="customize.setLayout('b.html');">Click Please</button>
Javascript:
function customize() {
function setLayout(text) {
var selectedLayout = text;
layout += selectedLayout;
$.get(layout, function (data) {
$("#layout-grid").html(data);
});
}
}

It isn't possible to call setLayout at all.
Functions defined in other functions are scoped to that function. They can only be called by other code from within that scope.
If you want to to be able to call customize.setLayout then you must first create customize (which can be a function, but doesn't need to be) then you need to make setLayout a property of that object.
customize.setLayout = function setLayout(text) { /* yada yada */ };

Multiple ways to call a function within a function. First of all, the inner function isn't visible to the outside until you explicitly expose it Just one way would be:
function outerobj() {
this.innerfunc = function () { alert("hello world"); }
}
This defines an object but currently has no instance. You need to create one first:
var o = new outerobj();
o.innerfunc();
Another approach:
var outerobj = {
innerfunc : function () { alert("hello world"); }
};
This would define an object outerobj which can be used immediately:
outerobj.innerfunc();

if you insist to do it this way, maybe define setLayout and then call it,
something like this:
<script>
function customize(text, CallSetLayout) {
if (CallSetLayout) {
(function setLayout(text) {
//do something
alert(text);
})(text);
}
}
</script>
<button onclick="customize('sometext',true);">Click Please</button>
then you can decide if you even want to define and call setLayout from outside

Simple answer: You can't call setLayout() with this setup anywhere!
The reason being, setLayout() will not be visible outside of customize() not even from other JavaScript code because it is defined locally inside customize() so it has local scope which is only available inside customize(). Like others have mentioned there are other ways possible... (^__^)
You can return the response of setLayout() by returning it as a method of customize() and use it in your HTML like customize().setLayout('b.html'); e.g.
<button onclick="customize().setLayout('b.html');">Click Please</button>
JavaScript:
function customize() {
var setLayout = function (text) {
var selectedLayout = text;
layout += selectedLayout;
$.get(layout, function (data) {
$("#layout-grid").html(data);
});
};
return {
setLayout: setLayout
};
}
Another Approach
You can also define your main function i.e. customize as Immediately-Invoked Function Expression (IIFE). This way you can omit the parenthesis while calling its method in HTML section.
<button onclick="customize.setLayout('b.html');">Click Please</button>
JavaScript
var customize = (function () {
var setLayout = function (text) {
var selectedLayout = text;
layout += selectedLayout;
$.get(layout, function (data) {
$("#layout-grid").html(data);
});
};
return {
setLayout: setLayout
};
})();

You need to treat it as object and method
<button onclick="customize().setLayout('b.html');">Click Please</button>
Sorry I had to edit this code for more clarification
function customize() {
this.setLayout = function setLayout(text) {
var selectedLayout = text;
layout += selectedLayout;
$.get(layout, function (data) {
$("#layout-grid").html(data);
});
}
return this;
}

How do you call other internal methods from inside a javascript closure with backbone.js?

Here is my example object to demonstrate the issue.
Dog = Backbone.Model.extend({
initialize: function () {
},
Speak: function (sayThis) {
console.log(sayThis);
},
CallInternalSpeak: function () {
this.Speak("arf! from internal function.");
},
CallSpeakFromClosure: function () {
this.Speak("arf! fron outside closure.");
var callClosure = function () { // think of this closure like calling jquery .ajax and trying to call .Speak in your success: closure
console.log("we get inside here fine");
this.Speak("say hi fron inside closure."); // THIS DOES NOT WORK
}
callClosure();
}
});
var rover = new Dog;
rover.Speak("arf! from externally called function");
rover.CallInternalSpeak();
rover.CallSpeakFromClosure();

Since you are in Backbone, you can always use Underscore's bind function as well. After you define callClosure, you can wrap it with a proper binding:
callClosure = _.bind(callClosure, this);

The old "self" trick... make a reference to this, call it self, and reference it in the function.
CallSpeakFromClosure: function () {
this.Speak("arf! fron outside closure.");
var self = this;
var callClosure = function () {
console.log("we get inside here fine");
self.Speak("say hi fron inside closure."); // THIS DOES NOT WORK
}
callClosure();
}

Using the original `this` in an event triggered outside

This would be better explained in code:
var FileResourceManager = {
LoadRequiredFiles: function (config) {
config = config || {};
this.OnLoading = config.onLoadingCallback;
this.OnComplete = config.onCompleteCallback;
//this works fine here.
if (this.OnLoading) {
this.OnLoading();
}
Modernizr.load([{
load: 'somefile.js',
complete: function () {
//Error in this callback here.
if (this.OnComplete) {
this.OnComplete();
}
}
});
}
};
FileResourceManager.LoadRequiredFiles({
onLoadingCallback: function () {
alert('started');
},
onCompleteCallback: function () {
alert('complete');
}
});
As you can see, in the callback for Modernizr.load's complete event, I want to call the method of the parent/outer object. But this actually became the Modernizr object. How can I access the properties of the outer object inside an event?
I've seen this done in the backbone.js project, by using some form of binding. I'm not sure if I need to write something like this.

var self = this;
Modernizr.load([{
load: 'somefile.js',
complete: function () {
//Error in this callback here.
if (self.OnComplete) {
self.OnComplete();
}
}
});

Modernizr.load([{
load: 'somefile.js',
complete: (function () {
//Error in this callback here.
if (this.OnComplete) {
this.OnComplete();
}).bind(this)
}
});

The this object redefined in the scope of the Modernizr function. It is customary to define a variable called that outside the scope and use it to refer to the outer this.
Alternatively, you could just use the config object, like this:
complete: function () {
if (config.OnComplete) {
config.OnComplete();
}
}

How do you add objects to a javascript namespace?

var Test = (function() {
return {
useSub: function () {
this.Sub.sayHi();
},
init: function () {
$(document).ready(this.useSub);
}
};
})();
Test.Sub = (function () {
return {
sayHi: function () {
alert('hi');
}
};
})();
Test.useSub(); // works
Test.init(); // explodes
Above I am trying to create a Test namespace and add an object Sub to it. I was doing fine until I tried using the object in jQuery. The error is "Uncaught TypeError: Cannot call method 'sayHi' of undefined". If there is a better way to do this, I am open to it.
Edit:
Obviously this was demo code. In my real application the solution that I went with because I think it is the most clear is this one:
var Namespace (function () {
return {
init: function () {
$(document).ready(function() {
Namespace.onReady();
}
},
onReady: function() {
alert('Now I am back in the Namespace scope. Proceed as planned');
}
};
})();
Edit2: All jQuery callbacks seem to require they are used in this manner or else the scoping is screwed up.

I think it is a scope problem. If you do
$(document).ready(this.useSub);
then this.useSub will be executed in the window scope (so inside the function, this refers to the window object) and there doesn't exist a Sub attribute.
Try:
init: function () {
var obj = this;
$(function(){obj.useSub()});
}
For some reason it does not work using $(document).ready(function(){obj.useSub()}); but it works with the $() shortcut.

Here is one way
var Test = {
useSub : function () {
Test.Sub.sayHi();
},
init: function () {
$(document).ready(Test.useSub);
},
Sub: {
sayHi: function () {
alert('hi');
}
}
};

in this line:
$(document).ready(this.useSub);
you're passing a reference to a function and the scope is lost- when the function runs, this no longer means Test.