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I'm building a large web application with a lot of JavaScript and jQuery (ajax is also inside). There will be a database too with several tables and I use mySQL to manage it.
My question is which server side framework should I use. Right now I consider Rails and Node.js with libraries.
I am aware that there are couple of similar questions on stackoverflow but all of them are quite old. I assume that over a year or two things may change.
If you are building a large application with a lot of javaScript, I am assuming that you have a good understanding of the language. My advise is to stick to javaScript.There are a lot of good javaScript frameworks that are pretty good and can handle large application. Some of the Frameworks you can use are AngularJS, EmberJS and BackboneJS(the most popular). And with the MEAN stack(Mongo, Express, Angular & Node), which is a Fullstack javaScript framework, it will accelerate your workflow.
It really is up to you what language or framework you want to use. You can use rails if you want to delve into ruby or if you like JS everywhere use node. If you want to stick with PHP you could use cakePHP. A lot of the frameworks are similar in that they follow MVC design. All your tables for models, views, and controllers would follow similar conventions in each framework I'm guessing. If you are already good with a language I would just stick with that then branch out if you are pressed for time. You can't really use PHP code with Rails or Node or at least it's uncommon.
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I'm a designer trying to learn js. I have (kinda) master HTML5 and CSS3 and moving onto Javascript. After much research, I see most people suggesting learning react, ember, angular, or polymer.
What are the difference between these and which framework or library should I learn if I want to build my own SaaS program?
You are asking a significant question where the answer really depends on what you want to do.
Here is a short discussion on the difference between React and Ember HERE
In short, Ember is an opinionated framework where Reach is more of a front end 'view' where you have options for your back end.
Similar to the differences between React and Ember, Angular is a complete framework for building apps, Polymer is a library for creating components.
Picking the right tool for the job depends on a number of things, such as your experience with coding languages, resources for front and back end development, security concerns, performance, how your SaaS will be deployed, etc...
I recommend creating a set of requirements that your SaaS will have, then looking into each of the framework options to help determine which is the right tool for you. You should look into learning ES6, there are lots of free tutorials. ES6 is becoming more Python like and easier to use--more readable.
They are all good options. My preference is a Python (like django) back end with a React front end. The React components you build can be used with React-Native to build mobile apps for Android, iOS, and (yes, really) Windows 10 UWP apps.
There is a learning curve for all of these, hours of fun.
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I have been struggling a lot finding a suitable JavaScript framework for ASP .NET MVC and razor.
I have implemented a simple demo application with Angular 2, Aurelia and AngularJS.
After my experience i find that Angular 2 and Aurelia can integrate with MVC and razor but they are not built for MVC and razor. They are built for Single Page Applications.
However the old AngularJS seems to integrate way better - but i fear it is being deprecated by the new frameworks.
I am not that experienced with client side programming and i find the modern way(NPM ,Bundling, Transpiling, linting and so on) a bit confusing since there is so many different frameworks to choose from.
So my question: Does anyone have experience with JavaScript frameworks that integrates well with MVC and razor?
Thanks :)
You can use KnockoutJS. It helps you to create rich, responsive display and editor user interfaces with a clean underlying data model.
knockout.js helps you simplify dynamic JavaScript UIs using the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern. It also has a complementary project KnockoutMVC to bind with MVC.
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After research i made on the web, i found two frameworks: for desktop development - electron and for mobile development - ionic
Are above platforms recommended choices for mobile and desktop development with web technologies? If not which frameworks should we use for this purpose?
There is few technologies regarding to your question. Cordova-PhoneGap-Ionic (they rely on Apache Cordova) applications are running on WebViews. This means there may be performance issues if you use them for some goals, for example hard calculations. By the way you can still use native functions via Cordova Plugins too.
Also there are NativeScript and ReactNative too. With these technologies, your applications are running on native environment. It looks like these technologies are trending now.
You have a bunch of different possibilities, for instance OnsenUI, Kendo, Ionic (1 or 2), etc. I would recommend you to spend a bit of time to understand which one is better for your needs, even though I would say that Ionic is pretty popular now.
This page is a good start to have an overview of a few popular ones with a short review. http://www.gajotres.net/best-html5-mobile-app-frameworks-ionic-review/ Please note that Framework7 is not in the list, but might be worth mentionning (but I feel more iOS oriented).
Your question is specific about HTML, CSS and Javascript. But as a side note, please do not forget that you might have other options as well as suggested above (ReactNative, Xamarin with C#...) You may check: http://noeticforce.com/mobile-app-development-cordova-vs-react-native-vs-xamarin
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I'm looking for a JS framework, which would help me to divide the code into categories. Whenever I do any apps, I don't use any framework and even tho it's working, my code looks really untidy, it lacks a nice structure. Can you advise any nicely formatted, object oriented, MVC framework which works well with node.js apps and EJS? (besides express.js)
I recommend TypeScript. If you're not interested in running your code through a compiler, check out this answer:
Constructors in JavaScript objects
... explains how I like to set things up so I can have a general "class" structure and keep different parts of the app in different files.
Express is the most used framework for Node.js
Apart, if you are looking for something similar to the relation ruby - rails which gives you a predefined project structure (controllers, models...) probably you can take a look to yeoman
For an angular + node app I'd go with this particular generator: angular-fullstack
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I'm a PHP programmer that was just hired to write an interactive ipad app whose requirements are basically that it be a website. So I started setting up to develop a website when I found out that my employer's server has been lobotomized: no dynamic languages, the only things I'm allowed to code with are HTML and JavaScript.
AJAX and jQuery are still in, but as far as I can tell they won't have a server-side language to back them up. If I have an urgent and compelling reason to have an active language, I might be able to convince the senior web guy to give me an exception, but I don't think my project qualifies as urgent or compelling by about two orders of magnitude.
My question then, is what sort of labor-saving devices are out there for HTML/JS only sites? I would have liked to use something like Drupal. Would I be better off writing the whole thing in XCode?
The site will display information regarding a number of historical artifacts in the possession of the library that is my employer.
It would help if you were more specific about your needs (the kinds of things you do in PHP that you don't know how to do with just HTML/JS), but I think I know what you're getting at.
If the site isn't too complicated, a good client-side templating engine is probably what you're looking for. Handlebars.js is a popular choice, but there are tons to choose from. I prefer to use client-jade, but it doesn't matter much. The idea is to define a template (e.g. for displaying one historical artifact), then iterate over an array of data that describes all the artifacts in the library, rendering each element of the array into some pretty-looking DOM with your template.
If you need something more sophisticated than that, you might want a client-side MVC framework like Backbone.js (lightweight, easier to learn, less opinionated) or Angular.js (heavier, harder to learn, very opinionated).
If the labor you're trying to save yourself from doing is styling work, you might want to check out twitter bootstrap (or similar frameworks like foundation). Bootstrap makes it easy to create good-looking navbars, make column-based layouts, and ensure that your site looks good across different browsers and devices.