While working on a Web app using Webpack to manage JavaScript dependencies, I stumbled upon the problem i'm going to describe.
Loading dependencies passing strings to require() works beautifully:
// main.js
var jQuery = require('jquery');
Here, jquery is installed with Bower, and Webpack is correctly configured to automatically resolve Bower modules.
Now, I'm working on the problem of conditionally loading modules, with particular regard to the situation where modules have to be downloaded from a CDN, or from the local server if the CDN fails. I use scriptjs to asynchronously load from the CDN, by the way. The code I'm writing is something like this:
var jQuery = undefined;
try {
jQuery = require('jquery-cdn');
} catch (e) {
console.log('Unable to load jQuery from CDN. Loading local version...');
require('script!jquery');
jQuery = window.jQuery;
}
// jQuery available here
and this code works beautifully as well.
Now, since I obviously have a lot of dependencies (Handlebars, Ember, etc.) that I want to try to load from a CDN first, this code starts to get a little redundant, so the most logical thing I try to do is to refactor it out into a function:
function loadModule(module, object) {
var lib = undefined;
try {
lib = require(module + '-cdn');
} catch (e) {
console.log('Cannot load ' + object + ' from CDN. Loading local version...');
require('script!' + module);
lib = window[object];
}
return lib;
}
var jQuery = loadModule('jquery', 'jQuery');
var Handlebars = loadModule('handlebars', 'Handlebars');
// etc...
The problem is that Webpack has a particular behaviour when dealing with expressions inside require statements, that hinders my attempts to load modules in the way described above. In particular, when using an expression inside require it
tries to include all files that are possible with your expression
The net effect is a huge pile of error messages when I try to run Webpack with the above code.
Though the linked resources suggest to explicitly declare the path of the JavaScript files to include, what I fail to get is how to do the same thing when I cannot, or don't want to, pass a precise path to require, but rather use the automatically resolved modules, as shown.
Thanks all
EDIT:
I still don't known how to use expressions to load those scripts, however, I designed a workaround. Basically, the idea is to explicitly write the require('script') inside a callback function, and then dinamically call that function when it's time. More precisely, I prepared a configuration file like this:
// config.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
'lib': {
'jquery': {
'object': 'jQuery',
'dev': function() { require('script!jquery'); },
'dist': function() { return require('jquery-cdn'); },
'cdn': '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js'
},
'handlebars': {
// ...
}
}
};
Inside my main code I, then, define an array of resources to load, like:
var config = require('./config.js');
var resources = [ config.lib.jquery, config.lib.handlebars, ... ];
And then when I have to load the development version, or the distribution version, I dinamically call:
// Inside some kind of cycle
// resource = resources[index]
try {
window[resource.object] = resource.dist();
} catch (e) {
console.log('Cannot load ' + resource.object + ' from CDN. Loading local version...');
resource.dev();
}
Here there's a more complete example of this in action.
Related
I'm wondering if there's another way of using templates in knockout.js without having to use require.js to load them dynamically.
It adds around 20Kb after minification more to the site and it seems we are loading quite a big library to do something that probably wouldn't need as much code behind it.
This is what I'm doing now:
ko.components.register('menu', {
viewModel: { instance: mm.viewModel },
template: { require: 'text!views/menu.html' },
});
To do so I had to include require.js in my project and requrie text`:
<script type="text/javascript">
requirejs.config({
paths: {
text: 'bower_components/text/text'
},
urlArgs: "v=" + new Date().valueOf()
});
</script>
I ended up getting the file from the server side with my own call.
In node (but this can be done in PHP or any other language as well), I added a route to retrieve the requested file:
router.get('/loadFile/', function(req, res, next){
var params = req.query;
var demo = express.static(path.join(res.locals.virtualDirPath, 'public'));
fs.readFile( __dirname + '/../public/elements/' + params.filename, "utf-8", function read(err, data) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
// Invoke the next step here however you like
return res.send(data);
processFile();
});
});
Then I created my own custom component loader in the Javascript side as detailed in the docs.
var templateFromUrlLoader = {
loadTemplate: function(name, templateConfig, callback) {
var newUrl = url + 'others/loadFile/';
var params = { 'filename' : templateConfig.filename };
if (templateConfig.filename) {
// Uses jQuery's ajax facility to load the markup from a file
$.get(newUrl, params, function(markupString) {
// We need an array of DOM nodes, not a string.
// We can use the default loader to convert to the
// required format.
ko.components.defaultLoader.loadTemplate(name, markupString, callback);
});
} else {
// Unrecognized config format. Let another loader handle it.
callback(null);
}
}
};
// Registering it
ko.components.loaders.unshift(templateFromUrlLoader);
This way I saved myself from having to load 84Kb of require.js for this simple task.
Plus I'm not limited this way to the use of require.js and I can use a single combined and minified file for production environments.
Also, I'm in total control over the caching of the returned templates, which used to cause me problems when using require.js.
We used to use require.js with knockout, but we have started to use browserify instead. Since then the code base is much nicer and we build the whole project into one file except the basic libraries we use. (Eg.: knockout.js - because we load them separately from cdn, which makes the app in production much, much faster)
Here is a component library what we are developing:
https://github.com/EDMdesigner/knobjs
We use gulp to build the project. Check the build:dev task in the gulpfile. Basically, the templates will be included in the built js file.
I'm using inline styles & my theme comes from a file called themes.json, which I create & inject into my build folder before calling webpack. I'd like webpack to handle this, too.
My first attempt was to use a plugin:
compiler.plugin('compilation', async(compilation, callback) => {
const themes = {}; // empty for this example
compilation.assets['themes.json'] = {
source: function() {
return themes;
},
size: function() {
return themes.length;
}
};
callback();
}
However, since plugins run async or parallel, I come across a race condition where my index.js that has a const themes = require('../build/themes.json') is trying to require something before it exists.
How can I make sure themes.json exists and is useable within my build? I see 3 possibilities:
There's a way to run plugins in serial that I don't know about
I somehow use a loader to perform this
I write a plugin that looks for require('../build/themes.json') and when it finds it, it creates & injects the themes.
Any help on the right way to do this?
I'm using the requirejs-babel plugin which requires prepending 'es6!' to all module ids that need babel transpilation.
define(['es6!some-es6-module'], function(module) {
// ...
});
Is there an API in RequireJS that would allow me to inspect a module id and prepend the plugin id as-needed? For example, if I wanted to apply 'es6!' to all module ids in a specific directory?
Ultimately I need to be able to write defines like this define(['some-es6-module'], ...) and automatically add the es6! prefix depending on what the module id is.
Not looking for information on SystemJS or gulp tasks that do the transpilation ahead of time, etc.
The exact module ids are not known at configuration time- I just know in certain locations/directories, modules will need es6!.
Needs to work in the browser, at runtime
I am not 100% sure on your overall objective (do you want the es6 addition to module ID saved permanently or always auto-added?), but you may be able to use RequireJS mapping to substitute module ID's for defined modules. For example: -
requirejs.config({
map: {
// * - for all modules that require these, do this
'*': {
'some-es6-module': 'es6!some-es6-module'
}
}
});
However, considering your use-case you may need something more complicated than this, as mapping assumes you have actual different versions of files and is generally used for this purpose.
A more complicated solution I assume you are looking to avoid could be to dynamically loop your files before optimising them in r.js and loading/editing them via Node. It would get a little messy!
var config = requirejs.s.contexts._.config;
var needBabel = ['some-es6-module', 'another-module-name', 'another'];
for (var property in config.paths) {
if (config.paths.hasOwnProperty(property) && needBabel.indexOf(property) > -1) {
// load the module in node
// fs.readFileSync(__dirname + config.paths[property] + '.js');
// dynamically modify this file with text replacement
// save this file via Node again
}
}
// run Require JS optimiser
// undo everything you've just done when optimisation is complete
I ended up overriding the load method. The override uses the standard load for modules with mapped paths, otherwise it uses the es6 (requirejs-babel) plugin to load the module.
require.standardLoad = require.load;
require.load = function(context, moduleName, url) {
var config = requirejs.s.contexts._.config;
if (moduleName in config.paths) {
return require.standardLoad(context, moduleName, url);
}
require(['es6'], function(es6) {
es6.load(
moduleName,
require,
{
fromText: function(text) {
require.exec(text);
context.completeLoad(moduleName);
}
},
{});
});
};
Here it is in action: https://gist.run/?id=7542e061bc940cde506b
Using RequireJS I'm building an app which make extensive use of widgets. For each widget I have at least 3 separate files:
request.js containing code for setting up request/response handlers to request a widget in another part of my application
controller.js containing handling between model and view
view.js containing handling between user and controller
Module definition in request.js:
define(['common/view/widget/entity/term/list/table/controller'],
function(WidgetController) { ... });
Module definition in controller.js:
define(['common/view/widget/entity/term/list/table/view'],
function(WidgetView) { ... });
Module definition of view.js is:
define(['module','require'],function(module,require) {
'use strict';
var WidgetView = <constructor definition>;
return WidgetView;
});
I have lots of these little situations as above in the case of widgets I have developed. What I dislike is using the full path every time when a module is requiring another module and both are located in the same folder. I'd like to simply specify as follows (assuming we have a RequireJS plugin which solves this for us):
define(['currentfolder!controller'],
function(WidgetController) { ... });
For this, I have written a small plugin, as I couldn't find it on the web:
define({
load: function (name, parentRequire, onload, config) {
var path = parentRequire.toUrl('.').substring(config.baseUrl.length) + '/' + name;
parentRequire([path], function (value) {
onload(value);
});
}
});
As you might notice, in its basic form it looks like the example of the RequireJS plugins documentation.
Now in some cases, the above works fine (e.g. from the request.js to the controller.js), but in other cases a load timeout occurs (from controller.js to view.js). When I look at the paths which are generated, all are proper RequireJS paths. Looking at the load timeouts, the following is logged:
Timestamp: 13-09-13 17:27:10
Error: Error: Load timeout for modules: currentfolder!view_unnormalized2,currentfolder!view
http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#timeout
Source File: http://localhost/app/vendor/requirejs/require.js?msv15z
Line: 159
The above log was from a test I did with only loading the view.js from controller.js using currentfolder!view in the list of modules in the define statement. Since I only requested currentfolder!view once, I'm confused as to why I both see currentfolder!view_unnormalized2 and currentfolder!view in the message.
Any idea as to why this might be happening?
My answer may not answer your primary questions, but it will help you achieve what you're trying to do with your plugin.
In fact, Require.js support relative paths for requiring modules when using CommonJS style. Like so:
define(function( require, exports, module ) {
var relativeModule = require("./subfolder/module");
module.exports = function() {
console.log( relativeModule );
};
});
I am currently using requirejs to manage module js/css dependencies.
I'd like to discover the possibilities of having node do this via a centralized config file.
So instead of manually doing something like
define([
'jquery'
'lib/somelib'
'views/someview']
within each module.
I'd have node inject the dependencies ie
require('moduleA').setDeps('jquery','lib/somelib','views/someview')
Anyway, I'm interested in any projects looking at dependency injection for node.
thanks
I've come up with a solution for dependency injection. It's called injectr, and it uses node's vm library and replaces the default functionality of require when including a file.
So in your tests, instead of require('libToTest'), use injectr('libToTest' { 'libToMock' : myMock });. I wanted to make the interface as straightforward as possible, with no need to alter the code being tested. I think it works quite well.
It's just worth noting that injectr files are relative to the working directory, unlike require which is relative to the current file, but that shouldn't matter because it's only used in tests.
I've previously toyed with the idea of providing an alternate require to make a form of dependency injection available in Node.js.
Module code
For example, suppose you have following statements in code.js:
fs = require('fs');
console.log(fs.readFileSync('text.txt', 'utf-8'));
If you run this code with node code.js, then it will print out the contents of text.txt.
Injector code
However, suppose you have a test module that wants to abstract away the file system.
Your test file test.js could then look like this:
var origRequire = global.require;
global.require = dependencyLookup;
require('./code.js');
function dependencyLookup (file) {
switch (file) {
case 'fs': return { readFileSync: function () { return "test contents"; } };
default: return origRequire(file);
}
}
If you now run node test.js, it will print out "test contents", even though it includes code.js.
I've also written a module to accomplish this, it's called rewire. Just use npm install rewire and then:
var rewire = require("rewire"),
myModule = rewire("./path/to/myModule.js"); // exactly like require()
// Your module will now export a special setter and getter for private variables.
myModule.__set__("myPrivateVar", 123);
myModule.__get__("myPrivateVar"); // = 123
// This allows you to mock almost everything within the module e.g. the fs-module.
// Just pass the variable name as first parameter and your mock as second.
myModule.__set__("fs", {
readFile: function (path, encoding, cb) {
cb(null, "Success!");
}
});
myModule.readSomethingFromFileSystem(function (err, data) {
console.log(data); // = Success!
});
I've been inspired by Nathan MacInnes's injectr but used a different approach. I don't use vm to eval the test-module, in fact I use node's own require. This way your module behaves exactly like using require() (except your modifications). Also debugging is fully supported.