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Unsettable & Unwritable properties are still mutable

I am trying to create a property within a constructor function which is immutable except through a prototype function. I am trying to go off MDN documentation of this: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperties. But there does not seem to be a way to make a property completely immutable. Consider a simple example:
function Test(){
Object.defineProperties(this,{
elems : { value : [] }
})
}
Test.prototype.addElem = function(newElem){
if (this.elems.indexOf(newElem) == -1){
this.elems.push(newElem);
}
};
which works fine in most cases (not assignable):
>a = new Test()
Object { , 1 more… }
>a.elems
Array [ ]
>a.elems = 10
10
>a.elems
Array [ ]
Unfortunately, it is still mutable. Consider:
>a.elems.push(10)
1
>a.elems
Array [ 10 ]
I am sure they are other functions (array or object methods?) that will change the value of a non-writeable & non-settable property. Push was just the one I ran into. Is there a way to accomplish this? I know that one possible solution is :
function Test(){
var elems = [];
this.addElem = function(newElem){
if (elems.indexOf(newElem) == -1){
elems.push(newElem);
}
}
}
But I have read this is memory-inefficient especially when there are many instances of the "class". Also, what I am working on may have many methods like this, so I am even more worried about memory considerations.
Any ideas? I am not super knowledgeable about all the intricacies of JS prototyping.

In JavaScript, objects are extensible by default, but if you're able to take advantage of ES5, you should be able to use the Object.seal() or Object.freeze() methods to get immutable properties.
The MDN docs for Object.freeze() have an example that shows how to recursively freeze ("deepFreeze") all of the properties of an object, effectively making it completely immutable.
Here's a proof of concept that combines the code in the question with the code from the docs:
function Test() {
Object.defineProperties(this, {
elems : { value : [] }
})
}
Test.prototype.addElem = function(newElem) {
if (this.elems.indexOf(newElem) == -1) {
this.elems.push(newElem);
}
};
function deepFreeze(obj) {
// Retrieve the property names defined on obj
var propNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj);
// Freeze properties before freezing self
propNames.forEach(function(name) {
var prop = obj[name];
// Freeze prop if it is an object
if (typeof prop == 'object' && prop !== null)
deepFreeze(prop);
});
// Freeze self (no-op if already frozen)
return Object.freeze(obj);
}
a = new Test();
a.elems.push(1);
console.log(a.elems); // [1]
deepFreeze(a);
a.elems.push(2);
console.log(a.elems); // Error
In FireBug, the a.elems.push() after the object is "deep frozen" returns a TypeError exception, indicating the property is not writable;
TypeError: can't define array index property past the end of an array
with non-writable length
The Safari inspector also returns a TypeError exception:
TypeError: Attempted to assign to readonly property.

You can largely accomplish this with the help of a closure. This is how you achieve privacy in JavaScript.
In a nutshell you create a variable inside of a function and have that function return an object that contains setters/getters.
In my example the foo function contains a _foo variable that can only be set by the methods in the object returned from function foo. You are effectively creating an API to the var held withing the function foo's scope.
var foo = function(config){
if (!config) {
config = {};
}
//enclosed variable
var _foo = {
bar: []
};
if (config.bar) {//All item to be initialized with data
_foo.bar = config.bar;
}
var fooAPI = {
addBarItem: function(val){
_foo.bar.push(val);
return _foo.bar.length - 1;//return idenx of item added
},
removeBarItem: function(index) {
return _foo.bar.slice(index, 1);//return the removed item
},
getBarItem: function(index) {
return _foo.bar[index];//return the removed item
},
emptyBarItems: function() {
return _foo.bar.slice(0, _foo.bar.length);//return all removed
},
getBarItems: function(){
//clone bar do not return reference to it in order to keep private
var newBar = [];
_foo.bar.forEach(function(item){
newBar.push(item);
});
return newBar;
}
};
return fooAPI;
};
var myFoo = new foo({bar: ['alpha', 'beta', 'gamma']});
console.log(myFoo.getBarItems());

new vs object create giving different results OO javascript

I'm working with a data object lit, then trying to create a new object that changes properties in the data property just for that instance, here's some test code from jsbin
data = {
innerData : 1
}
-------------
'This works :-)'
construct = function(d){
this.data = Object.create(d);
};
construct.prototype.c = function(n){
this.data.innerData = n;
};
construct.prototype.d = function(){
console.log(this.data.innerData)
};
--------------
'This does not :-{'
construct = {
data : Object.create(data),
changeData : function(n){
this.data.innerData = n;
},
showData:function(){
console.log(this.data.innerData)
}
}
--------------
newInst = Object.create(construct);
newInst.changeData(5);
newInst.showData();
newInst2 = Object.create(construct);
newInst2showData();
when I run it using the constructor/prototype functions it works and the console outputs 5,2
when I run it using the object literal the console outputs 5,5 I guess when I create the first instance it changes the actual data object and not the data property of the instance of the construct object.
If someone could explain in depth why this happens that would be much help as I've not been working with OOJS for that long
UPDATE:
so I had a little go at merging what I found useful from the answers and I've come up with this....
data = {
innerData : 1
}
function construct(d){
return {
data : Object.create(d),
changeData : function(n){
this.data.innerData = n;
},
showData : function(){
console.log(this.data.innerData)
}
}
}
build = function(){
return(new construct(data));
}
newInst = build();
newInst.changeData(5);
newInst.showData();
newInst2 = build();
newInst2.showData();

Given what we know about the inheritance, what does the following actually do
this.data.innerData = n;
where this is the result of Object.create(construct)?
this does not have own property data, so look up in the inherited properties.
Okay we found a data === Object.getPrototypeOf(this).data, call it d
Next set innerData of d to n
So what the actual result has ended up is the innerData property has been set on the reference from the prototype, and not a new Object.
Why has this happened? Because if you have o = {} and try to do o.foo.bar, you get a TypeError: Cannot read property 'bar' of undefined, and therefore for it to not throw an error, it has to be accessing a defined Object.
var proto = {foo: {bar: 'fizz'}},
obj = Object.create(proto);
obj.foo.bar = 'buzz';
proto.foo.bar; // "buzz" (i.e. NOT "fizz" anymore)
// and
obj.foo === Object.getPrototypeOf(obj).foo; // true

In your second example, there is only ever one data object. That object lives inside construct and is available to all the subsequent objects on the prototype chain.
In your first example, you make a new data object every time a new instance is created. So each object gets its own copy of data.
Try this, for the first example:
console.log(newInst.data === newInst2.data); // should be false
and for the second example:
console.log(newInst.data === newInst2.data); // should be true

The second piece of code works just fine:
construct.changeData(2);
construct.showData(); // 2
The only difference is that in the above example construct is not a constructor, so there will be only a single instance of construct.data as opposed to the first approach; calling Object.create() on it will create a new object but will keep the same .data reference as the first.

This looks like an attempt to create a factory function instead of a constructor function. Since Object.create is now widespread, and shimmable for these purposes where not available, this has become perhaps the best default, although there are plenty of constructor functions still around.
Some of the other answers explain what went wrong with your attempt. Here's how you might do it so that it works as expected:
var factory = (function() {
var clone = function(obj) {return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));};
var data = {
innerData : 1
};
var proto = {
changeData : function(n){
this.data.innerData = n;
},
showData:function(){
console.log(this.data.innerData)
}
};
return function() {
var obj = Object.create(proto);
obj.data = clone(data);
return obj;
}
}());
But it looks as though your innerData might have been an experiment to try to get these things working. It it's not necessary, this would be cleaner:
var factory = (function() {
var proto = {
data: 1,
changeData : function(n){
this.data = n;
},
showData:function(){
console.log(this.data)
}
};
return function() {
return Object.create(proto);
}
}());

JavaScript Dynamic naming with argument of function.

I have been looking around for an answer to this but in vain.
I have a function which takes a table name as an argument. but this name can be an object.
loadDataFromServer = function(dataTable) {
//data fetch code ...
datadump[dataTable] = response.getDataTable();
}
loadDataFromServer(['gchart']['data'])
The problem is I need to store the data in a variable datadump.gchart.data but the "gchart.data" part needs to be determined upon calling the function, not hard coded in it.
my problem lies in the fact that
datadump[['gchart']['data']] is not the same as
datadump['gchart']['data'] (which is the same as datadump.gchart.data)
Does anybody here know a good way to do this? If the input was simply gchart_data, this would easily work, but the functions needs to able to handle it even if it needed to assign its data to blabla.blibli.bloebloe.stuff.
thanks in advance

I think what you're looking for is this:
function (result) {
datadump = {};
datadump.gchart = {};
datadump.gchart.data = result.gchart.data;
// or
datadump.gchart = {
data: result.gchart.data
};
}
It's a little bit strange to it like this though. Do you absolutely need the gchart in your datadump?
Assigning to a random depth like blabla.blibli.bloebloe.stuff is not easily done.
You could flatten like: obj["blabla.blibli.bloebloe.stuff"] = {};
Or you could write a recursive merge, like:
var a, b, c;
a = { foo: { ipsum: "lorem" } };
b = { bar: {}, foo: { abc: "def" } };
c = recursive_merge(a, b); // { foo: { ipsum: "lorem", abc: "def" }, bar: {} };

Have you function take a list of strings and iterate over them to recursively access (and, if necessary, create) properties of datadump. I use arguments here to use the list of arguments itself, but you could also just use a single argument that is an array of strings.
var loadDataFromServer = function() {
var currObj = datadump;
// iterate over the list of property names
for(var i=0; i<arguments.length - 1; ++i) {
var nextName = arguments[i];
// if the object doesn't have this property, make it
if(currObj[nextName] == undefined) {
currObj[nextName] = {};
}
// use currObj's property as the new `currObj`
currObj = currObj[nextName];
}
// load data into the final named property
currObj[arguments[i]] = response.getDataTable();
}
loadDataFromServer('gchart', 'data');

Prototype chain - setting key on one object affects a sibling object?

I am working on my first JS project that involves inheritance and the prototype chain, and I am confused about why the creation of one object with specific data is affecting the data already in place on my second object.
The goal is to have a set of basic defaults in the full_params object literal in the "parent" object, and have some more specific defaults in the default_params object literal in the "child" object.
The child object specificRequest takes an array argument for its constructor function, adds those to its default_params, and then call the setOptions function of its prototype to add those to the full_params.
The problem is that when I create one specificRequest object and initialize it, it works fine, but then when I create a second specificRequest object, the full_params is already the same as
that of the first.
This is probably something very simple from a misunderstanding of how prototype works...
/////// PARENT OBJECT
function baseRequest(custom_params) {
var key;
this.full_params = {
"SignatureVersion": "2",
"Timestamp": Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "GMT", "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'")
};
this.custom_params = custom_params;
}
baseRequest.prototype.setOptions = function(arg_options) {
var key;
if (typeof arg_options === "object") this.custom_params = arg_options;
// If an object of request options is passed, use that. Otherwise use whatever is already in the custom_params object.
for (key in this.custom_params) {
this.full_params[key] = this.custom_params[key];
}
}
///////// CHILD OBJECT
function specificRequest(mySKUList) {
var i;
this.mySKUList = mySKUList;
this.default_params = {
"Action": "myAction",
"Version": "2011-10-01"
};
for (i = 0; i < this.mySKUList.length; i++) {
var temp_sku = this.mySKUList[i];
var temp_sku_name = "SellerSKUList.SellerSKU." + (i + 1);
this.default_params[temp_sku_name] = temp_sku;
}
this.setOptions(this.default_params);
}
specificRequest.prototype = new baseRequest
///// Function to run
function testfoo() {
var skulist1 = ["AR6100", "AR6102", "WB1234"]
var skulist2 = ["XY9999"]
var req1 = new specificRequest(skulist1);
var req2 = new specificRequest(skulist2);
// Req1 has AR6100, AR6102, and WB1234 as parameters, as expected
// Req2 should only have XY9999, but instead has XY9999, AR6102, and WB1234
}

Well you have tied a concrete instance of the parent class to be the prototype of the child class with this line:
specificRequest.prototype = new baseRequest
Instead, don't instantiate the parent class at all:
specificRequest.prototype = Object.create( baseRequest.prototype );
Also, call super() equivalent when constructing a child instance:
function specificRequest(mySKUList) {
baseRequest.call( this );
...
}
And please start constructor names with UpperCase.

Javascript objects: get parent [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
access parent object in javascript
(15 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
I have the following (nested) object:
obj: { subObj: { foo: 'hello world' } };
Next thing I do is to reference the subobject like this:
var s = obj.subObj;
Now what I would like to do is to get a reference to the object obj out of the variable s.
Something like:
var o = s.parent;
Is this somehow possible?

A nested object (child) inside another object (parent) cannot get data directly from its parent.
Have a look on this:
var main = {
name : "main object",
child : {
name : "child object"
}
};
If you ask the main object what its child name is (main.child.name) you will get it.
Instead you cannot do it vice versa because the child doesn't know who its parent is.
(You can get main.name but you won't get main.child.parent.name).
By the way, a function could be useful to solve this clue.
Let's extend the code above:
var main = {
name : "main object",
child : {
name : "child object"
},
init : function() {
this.child.parent = this;
delete this.init;
return this;
}
}.init();
Inside the init function you can get the parent object simply calling this.
So we define the parent property directly inside the child object.
Then (optionally) we can remove the init method.
Finally we give the main object back as output from the init function.
If you try to get main.child.parent.name now you will get it right.
It is a little bit tricky but it works fine.

No. There is no way of knowing which object it came from.
s and obj.subObj both simply have references to the same object.
You could also do:
var obj = { subObj: {foo: 'hello world'} };
var obj2 = {};
obj2.subObj = obj.subObj;
var s = obj.subObj;
You now have three references, obj.subObj, obj2.subObj, and s, to the same object. None of them is special.

This is an old question but as I came across it looking for an answer I thought I will add my answer to this to help others as soon as they got the same problem.
I have a structure like this:
var structure = {
"root":{
"name":"Main Level",
nodes:{
"node1":{
"name":"Node 1"
},
"node2":{
"name":"Node 2"
},
"node3":{
"name":"Node 3"
}
}
}
}
Currently, by referencing one of the sub nodes I don't know how to get the parent node with it's name value "Main Level".
Now I introduce a recursive function that travels the structure and adds a parent attribute to each node object and fills it with its parent like so.
var setParent = function(o){
if(o.nodes != undefined){
for(n in o.nodes){
o.nodes[n].parent = o;
setParent(o.nodes[n]);
}
}
}
Then I just call that function and can now get the parent of the current node in this object tree.
setParent(structure.root);
If I now have a reference to the seconds sub node of root, I can just call.
var node2 = structure.root.nodes["node2"];
console.log(node2.parent.name);
and it will output "Main Level".
Hope this helps..

Many of the answers here involve looping through an object and "manually" (albeit programmatically) creating a parent property that stores the reference to the parent. The two ways of implementing this seem to be...
Use an init function to loop through at the time the nested object is created, or...
Supply the nested object to a function that fills out the parent property
Both approaches have the same issue...
How do you maintain parents as the nested object grows/changes??
If I add a new sub-sub-object, how does it get its parent property filled? If you're (1) using an init function, the initialization is already done and over, so you'd have to (2) pass the object through a function to search for new children and add the appropriate parent property.
Using ES6 Proxy to add parent whenever an object/sub-object is set
The approach below is to create a handler for a proxy always adds a parent property each time an object is set. I've called this handler the parenter handler. The parenter responsibilities are to recognize when an object is being set and then to...
Create a dummy proxy with the appropriate parent and the parenter handler
var p = new Proxy({parent: target}, parenter);
Copy in the supplied objects properties-- Because you're setting the proxy properties in this loop the parenter handler is working recursively; nested objects are given parents at each level
for(key in value){
p[key] = value[key];
}
Set the proxy not the supplied object
return target[prop] = p;
Full code
var parenter = {
set: function(target, prop, value){
if(typeof value === "object"){
var p = new Proxy({parent: target}, parenter);
for(key in value){
p[key] = value[key];
}
return target[prop] = p;
}else{
target[prop] = value;
}
}
}
var root = new Proxy({}, parenter);
// some examples
root.child1 = {
color: "red",
value: 10,
otherObj: {
otherColor: "blue",
otherValue: 20
}
}
// parents exist/behave as expected
console.log(root.child1.color) // "red"
console.log(root.child1.otherObj.parent.color) // "red"
// new children automatically have correct parent
root.child2 = {color: "green", value3: 50};
console.log(root.child2.parent.child1.color) // "red"
// changes are detected throughout
root.child1.color = "yellow"
console.log(root.child2.parent.child1.color) // "yellow"
Notice that all root children always have parent properties, even children that are added later.

There is a more 'smooth' solution for this :)
var Foo = function(){
this.par = 3;
this.sub = new(function(t){ //using virtual function to create sub object and pass parent object via 't'
this.p = t;
this.subFunction = function(){
alert(this.p.par);
}
})(this);
}
var myObj = new Foo();
myObj.sub.subFunction() // will popup 3;
myObj.par = 5;
myObj.sub.subFunction() // will popup 5;

To further iterate on Mik's answer, you could also recursivey attach a parent to all nested objects.
var myApp = {
init: function() {
for (var i in this) {
if (typeof this[i] == 'object') {
this[i].init = this.init;
this[i].init();
this[i].parent = this;
}
}
return this;
},
obj1: {
obj2: {
notify: function() {
console.log(this.parent.parent.obj3.msg);
}
}
},
obj3: {
msg: 'Hello'
}
}.init();
myApp.obj1.obj2.notify();
http://jsbin.com/zupepelaciya/1/watch?js,console

You could try this(this uses a constructor, but I'm sure you can change it around a bit):
function Obj() {
this.subObj = {
// code
}
this.subObj.parent = this;
}

I have been working on a solution to finding the parent object of the current object for my own pet project. Adding a reference to the parent object within the current object creates a cyclic relationship between the two objects.
Consider -
var obj = {
innerObj: {},
setParent: function(){
this.innerObj.parent = this;
}
};
obj.setParent();
The variable obj will now look like this -
obj.innerObj.parent.innerObj.parent.innerObj...
This is not good. The only solution that I have found so far is to create a function which iterates over all the properties of the outermost Object until a match is found for the current Object and then that Object is returned.
Example -
var obj = {
innerObj: {
innerInnerObj: {}
}
};
var o = obj.innerObj.innerInnerObj,
found = false;
var getParent = function (currObj, parObj) {
for(var x in parObj){
if(parObj.hasOwnProperty(x)){
if(parObj[x] === currObj){
found = parObj;
}else if(typeof parObj[x] === 'object'){
getParent(currObj, parObj[x]);
}
}
}
return found;
};
var res = getParent(o, obj); // res = obj.innerObj
Of course, without knowing or having a reference to the outermost object, there is no way to do this. This is not a practical nor is it an efficient solution. I am going to continue to work on this and hopefully find a good answer for this problem.

Try this until a non-no answer appears:
function parent() {
this.child;
interestingProperty = "5";
...
}
function child() {
this.parent;
...
}
a = new parent();
a.child = new child();
a.child.parent = a; // this gives the child a reference to its parent
alert(a.interestingProperty+" === "+a.child.parent.interestingProperty);

You will need the child to store the parents this variable. As the Parent is the only object that has access to it's this variable it will also need a function that places the this variable into the child's that variable, something like this.
var Parent = {
Child : {
that : {},
},
init : function(){
this.Child.that = this;
}
}
To test this out try to run this in Firefox's Scratchpad, it worked for me.
var Parent = {
data : "Parent Data",
Child : {
that : {},
data : "Child Data",
display : function(){
console.log(this.data);
console.log(this.that.data);
}
},
init : function(){
this.Child.that = this;
}
}
Parent.init();
Parent.Child.display();

Just in keeping the parent value in child attribute
var Foo = function(){
this.val= 4;
this.test={};
this.test.val=6;
this.test.par=this;
}
var myObj = new Foo();
alert(myObj.val);
alert(myObj.test.val);
alert(myObj.test.par.val);

when I load in a json object I usually setup the relationships by iterating through the object arrays like this:
for (var i = 0; i < some.json.objectarray.length; i++) {
var p = some.json.objectarray[i];
for (var j = 0; j < p.somechildarray.length; j++) {
p.somechildarray[j].parent = p;
}
}
then you can access the parent object of some object in the somechildarray by using .parent