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input event - losing focus while dragging input element

I'm trying to make a score module using a range input. I'm using the input event to achieve this. The range input works fine, but when I add event, it loses focus shortly after dragging begins.
This is how it looks:
document.querySelector("#score").addEventListener("input", e => {
console.log(e.target.value);
});
<input type="range" min="1" max="10" value="10" draggable="true" class="score theme" id="score" step="0.1">

That happens because you added draggable="true" to the element. So the behaviour is ambiguous, should the browser allow you to move the trackball or should the browser drag the element around the page?
The two behaviours are conflicting, so in the first moment it works properly as an input range and you're able to move it around, but then it allows you to drag the element.
What's your expected behaviour?
document.querySelector("#score").addEventListener("input", e => {
console.log(e.target.value);
});
<input type="range" min="1" max="10" value="10" class="score theme" id="score" step="0.1">

draggable="true" doesn’t do what you think it does. An <input type="range"> has a draggable component to it by default. The draggable attribute makes it so that you can drag the entire element.
Removing this attribute gives the expected behaviour:
document.getElementById('score').addEventListener('input', e => {
console.log(e.target.value);
});
<input type="range" min="1" max="10" value="10" id="score" step="0.1">

This seems to be a problem with the draggable="true" attribute and not the JavaScript code. The draggable attribute allows us to make the element draggable around the DOM, i.e. from one position to another in the viewport.
Therefore, when one tries to drag the range handle, the whole slider gets dragged along, instead of just the handle, which is what you described as "losing focus".
So, the solution is to simply remove the draggable=true attribute. I made a pen on CodePen to demonstrate this. https://codepen.io/aryan_02/pen/WPNBYm
Notice what the draggable attribute does. I hope this helps you.

How to Create rule data in html

Create page htm include number 0~9 and rule, when you click to number or rule then data change the same image

You might be looking for something like the html range-type input, e.g. <input type="range" id="mySlider" min="0" value="5" max="9" step="1">. For example, see this description.

How to set slider step values to some fixed values?

I'm working on sliders with the jQuery sliders, I have a inout slider as
<form id="sliderData">
<input id="slider1" type="range" min="0" max="50" step="">
</form>
I want the slider to set up to only some fixed values as [2,30,20,30,35,45]. So I cannot set up the step value. I have tried to fire the event by this code
$('form#sliderData').change(function () {
alert("Hello");
});
This event is not even firing.Is there anyway to set slider to random values

The event is not being fired because you need to hook the change event to the slider control itself, not it's parent form.
The problem you have is that you cannot specify specific steps in a slider control. They must all be the same step apart from the min to the max values. To solve this you could instead make the values of the slider match the indexes of the values in your JS array, and have a label showing the actual option chosen. Something like this:
var values = [2, 30, 20, 30, 35, 45];
$('#slider1').on('input', e => $('span').text(values[e.target.value]));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<form id="sliderData">
<input id="slider1" type="range" min="0" max="5" value="0">
<span>2</span>
</form>

Circle slider for weather application

I have tried to look for a circle slider for an animation. It would work like the following:
<input type="range" min="0" max="50" value="0" step="5" onchange="showValue(this.value)" />
<span id="range">0</span>
function showValue(newValue)
{
document.getElementById("range").innerHTML=newValue;
}
but instead of sliding horizontally it would need to go in a circle. Is there anything similar which has been built already? I am probably not experienced enough to build it from scratch.

I believe the code you are looking for is here:
http://baijs.nl/tinycircleslider/

Jquery mobile dual range slider reload with new range

Slider works well with initial range. Here is html for slider, initial range is 0 to 100
<div data-role="rangeslider">
<input type="range" name="range-1a" id="range-1a" min="0" max="100" value="40">
<input type="range" name="range-1b" id="range-1b" min="0" max="100" value="80">
</div>
<button id="btnReload" onclick="reloadRangeSlider(200, 300)"></button>
I want to implement a javascript function that can help to reload the slider with new range like 200 to 300. In my case, want to reload slider by clicking on btnRelaod button.
function reloadRangeSlider(min, max){
//To do: reload functionality goes here
}

Here is the answer of my question
function reloadRangeSlider(min, max){
$('#range-1a').attr("min", min).attr("max", max).val(min);
$('#range-1b').attr("min", min).attr("max", max).val(max);
$('#range-1a').slider("refresh");
$('#range-1b').slider("refresh");
}

According to JQuery Mobile Docs
If you manipulate a slider via JavaScript, you must call the refresh method on it to update the visual styling. Here is an example:
$("#yourSlider").attr("min", min)
$("#yourSlider").attr("max", max)
$("#yourSlider").slider("refresh");
or you can use
$("#yourSlider").attr("min", min).attr("max", max).slider("refresh");