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Can't programmatically select option using Select2

I have a Select2 working fine attached to a select list but when someone enters a new item and I rebind the select list and try to programmatically select the new item, it refuses to display.
There are a number of other posts re this but their solutions don't work for me.
Use .select2("val", value). Does nothing.
Use .select2("data", value). Does nothing. Not sure how this is supposed to be different.
Use the InitSelection option to set a value. This leads to the following error message: Uncaught Error: Option 'initSelection' is not allowed for Select2 when attached to a select element.
In the Ajax success function after adding the new option to the database, I have the following Javascript:
BindDishes(RestaurantID); //rebinds the select list successfully
$('#hidDishID').val = data.DishID; //populates a hidden field
var arr = '[{id: "' + data.DishID + '", text: "' + data.DishName + '"}]';
$("#dd").select2("data", arr);
So in this latest iteration I have tried to supply an array with the id and text from the select list item as per another suggested solution but still nothing occurs. What am I doing wrong? Is this impossible when using Select2 with a select list?
Edit: I have the following line in MVC that creates the Select list:
#Html.DropDownGroupListFor(m => m.DishID, Model.GroupedSelectList, "Select a dish", new { id="dd",style="width:470px;" })
which must be causing the problem by binding to DishID from the model which was originally blank when it came from the server. DropDownGroupListFor is just an HTML helper that allows for using OptionGroups in a Select but it must be the binding that is a problem. What is the best approach here, to bind in a different way or to somehow update the model's DishID, not sure of the best practice?

var $example = $(".js-example-programmatic").select2();
$example.val("CA").trigger("change");

You need to destroy your select2 before adding/modifying items. If you do, then your select2 will respond just like its bound first time
Select2 Dropdown Dynamically Add, Remove and Refresh Items from

Get selected option

I want to fetch the selected option from dropdown. I know I can get selected option with jQuery(dropdown).val(). But I am not able fetch the selected with the 'val' function.
Am I doing anything wrong here?

Just use this:
var selectedValue = $('.daterange-preset').val();
(Note: I was able to see your code and get your class name by zooming in, but in the future please post the code rather than a screenshot.)

try using .on( "change" and then finding the option where selected has been applied. I have attached a jsfiddle with a working example that will alert you the value of the selected option everytime you change it.
$('.datarange-preset').on( "change", function(){
var datarangeSelected = $('.datarange-preset').find(":selected").val();
alert(datarangeSelected);
});
http://jsfiddle.net/g8hVA/

I figured out the issue. In my code at one place dropdown value was getting set with the null.
$daterangePreset.val(someVarialwithNullValue);
Because the value was getting set with null. I don't see any update in the HTML. HTML still shows one of the option as 'selected'. So when I was trying to get the selected value with following syntax it was always returning null.
$daterangePreset.val();

You can use a variant of:
var text = $("option:selected").text();
var value = $("option:selected").val();

change name of dynamically added select option element

I am dynamically generating some dropdowns and then allowing them some of those to be removed on board dyanmically. so that time, i have encountered an error of selection option (dropdown) elements id mismatch. something like below is.
newly added dropdowns.
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][0]" id="client_time_window_0">/select>
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][1]" id="client_time_window_1">/select>
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][2]" id="client_time_window_2">/select>
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][3]" id="client_time_window_3">/select>
after i dynamically remove them via javascript. (lets say i am removing the second one) so then new ones will be displayed as followings,
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][0]" id="client_time_window_0">/select>
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][2]" id="client_time_window_2">/select>
select name="CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][3]" id="client_time_window_3">/select>
So now the issue i have is, the names of the dropdowns are like this, (0,2,3)
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][0],
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][2],
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][3]
So this is causing an error for me and i need to reorder this name and make it be like this, (0,1,2)
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][0]
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][1]
CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][2]
how can i simply rename these dropdowns name attribute (from 0 to how much ever dropdows are exisiting) ? appreciate an early reply
EDIT 1
I tried this, but didnt work.
$('#tbl_dynamic_call_dates select').each(function(i){
$(this).attr('name',"CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][i]");
});

You can simply reset the values using .attr() method:
$('#tbl_dynamic_call_dates select').attr('name', function(i) {
return 'CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr]['+ i +']';
});

I did this,
$('#tbl_dynamic_call_dates select').each(function(i){
$(this).attr('name',"CSSAtapsClient[client_time_window_arr][" + i + "]");
});

Adding drop-down list options to a price calculator using JavaScript / jQuery

I have a problem with my price calculator when I've tried to add options. (jsFiddle here = http://jsfiddle.net/wemdragon/ZG8m)
What I'm trying to do is where it says:
var firstoption=$('select#myselect')
I would like the options' value turned into the price value but I can't seem to do it. It works in my shopping cart but not in the JavaScript.
Maybe I'm trying to add the value in the wrong place, I don't know what's going wrong.

Your select id (at least in the fiddle) was camelCased as mySelect but you were trying to access the id #myselect. This should look like the following unless you change your markup's id:
var firstoption = $('select#mySelect');
I also noticed that you specified a default value of 0 for not selecting an option. For some reason, !firstoption.val(), when the val() was zero, returns false instead of true like your if statement seemed to be expecting. !0 is apparently true in this instance.
I changed the logic to match your mark-up and it seemed to behave like you might have expected or want:
if (firstoption.val() == 0) {
error.html('Please include an option!');
firstoption.focus();
}
Edit Updated fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/ZG8mv/8/
Now the focus() executions will show in the order that they are wrong. I.e., if there is no width and no option specified, that box will receive focus. Previously, the option message would trump the other two.

option:selected not triggering .change()

I have a dropdown box that has a list of institutions in it. Now if I manually select an option, it works and I am able to grab the correct value.
However, I have a select rates button which uses JavaScript to pull up a rate sheet. You select a rate from that sheet and it will select an option from the dropdown for you (one that corresponds with the rate from the rate sheet). If I use this method, it doesn't trigger a .change() therefor I can't get a value for the selected option.
$('#id_financial_institution').change(function () {
var value = $("#id_financial_institution option:selected").text()
$("fi").text(value);
});
Any suggestions? I have tried .change() and .click() but nothing.

Once you are in the change function you don't have to do another search or selector because you already have the object you just have to find the selected option from it. So you can try this:
$('#id_financial_institution').change(function () {
var value = $(this).find("option:selected").text();
$("fi").text(value);
});
If the code still doesn't return you answer start to add alerts at each point to see where you are and what values you have and work your way from there?

Rather than .text() use .val()
$(function() {
$('#id_financial_institution').change(function () {
var value = $("#id_financial_institution option:selected").val()
alert(value);
});
})
Here is a sample demo, without your html. I am just alerting the value.
DEMO

You're going about this all wrong. You already have the select element in this, all you need is the value of that select element.
$('#id_financial_institution').change(function () {
var value = $(this).val();
$('#fi').text(value); //i assume `fi` is an [id]
//do more stuff
});

I went inside my AJAX call and got the value of the fields I needed there. For some reason, when using the AJAX call, it wouldn't fire the .change() on that particular field.
Thanks for all your input everyone.