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How to change size of pixel square using createImageData in html canvas? [duplicate]

I have a canvas in my webpage; I create a new Image data in this canvas then I modify some pixel through myImgData.data[] array. Now I would like to scale this image and make it bigger. I tried by scaling the context but the image remains small. Is it possible to do this?
Thanks

You could draw the imageData to a new canvas, scale the original canvas and then draw the new canvas to the original canvas.
Something like this should work:
var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, 100, 100);
var newCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", imageData.width)
.attr("height", imageData.height)[0];
newCanvas.getContext("2d").putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
context.scale(1.5, 1.5);
context.drawImage(newCanvas, 0, 0);
Here's a functioning demo http://jsfiddle.net/Hm2xq/2/.

I needed to do it without the interpolation that putImageData() causes, so I did it by scaling the image data into a new, resized ImageData object. I can't think of any other time I've thought that using 5 nested for loops was a good idea:
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale) {
var scaled = c.createImageData(imageData.width * scale, imageData.height * scale);
for(var row = 0; row < imageData.height; row++) {
for(var col = 0; col < imageData.width; col++) {
var sourcePixel = [
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 0],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 1],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 2],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 3]
];
for(var y = 0; y < scale; y++) {
var destRow = row * scale + y;
for(var x = 0; x < scale; x++) {
var destCol = col * scale + x;
for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
scaled.data[(destRow * scaled.width + destCol) * 4 + i] =
sourcePixel[i];
}
}
}
}
}
return scaled;
}
I hope that at least one other programmer can copy and paste this into their editor while muttering, "There but for the grace of god go I."

I know it's an old subject, but since people like may find it useful, I add my optimization to the code of rodarmor :
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale) {
var scaled = ctx.createImageData(imageData.width * scale, imageData.height * scale);
var subLine = ctx.createImageData(scale, 1).data
for (var row = 0; row < imageData.height; row++) {
for (var col = 0; col < imageData.width; col++) {
var sourcePixel = imageData.data.subarray(
(row * imageData.width + col) * 4,
(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 4
);
for (var x = 0; x < scale; x++) subLine.set(sourcePixel, x*4)
for (var y = 0; y < scale; y++) {
var destRow = row * scale + y;
var destCol = col * scale;
scaled.data.set(subLine, (destRow * scaled.width + destCol) * 4)
}
}
}
return scaled;
}
This code uses less loops and runs roughly 30 times faster. For instance, on a 100x zoom of a 100*100 area this codes takes 250 ms while the other takes more than 8 seconds.

You can scale the canvas using the drawImage method.
context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.drawImage( canvas, 0, 0, 2*canvas.width, 2*canvas.height );
This would scale the image to double the size and render the north-west part of it to the canvas. Scaling is achieved with the third and fourth parameters to the drawImage method, which specify the resulting width and height of the image.
See docs at MDN https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/CanvasRenderingContext2D#drawImage%28%29

#Castrohenge's answer works, but as Muhammad Umer points out, it messes up the mouse coordinates on the original canvas after that. If you want to maintain the ability to perform additional scales (for cropping, etc.) then you need to utilize a second canvas (for scaling) and then fetch the image data from the second canvas and put that into the original canvas. Like so:
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale){
var newCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", imageData.width)
.attr("height", imageData.height)[0];
newCanvas.getContext("2d").putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
// Second canvas, for scaling
var scaleCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", canvas.width)
.attr("height", canvas.height)[0];
var scaleCtx = scaleCanvas.getContext("2d");
scaleCtx.scale(scale, scale);
scaleCtx.drawImage(newCanvas, 0, 0);
var scaledImageData = scaleCtx.getImageData(0, 0, scaleCanvas.width, scaleCanvas.height);
return scaledImageData;
}

Nowadays, the best way to render a scaled ImageData object is generally to create an ImageBitmap from it.
All modern browsers finally do support it.
This will use a faster path to render the ImageData's content to a bitmap readily available to be painted by drawImage(), theoretically a lot faster than the second best option of putting the ImageData on a secondary <canvas> and redraw that <canvas>.
The main catch-up is that createImageBitmap() is asynchronous*, and thus it may not fit in an animation frame very well.
(async () => {
// here I'll just make some noise in my ImageData
const imagedata = new ImageData(100, 100);
const arr = new Uint32Array(imagedata.data.buffer);
for( let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
arr[i] = Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF + 0xFF000000;
}
// now to render it bigger
const bitmap = await createImageBitmap(imagedata);
const canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false; // keep pixel perfect
ctx.drawImage(bitmap, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
})();
<canvas width="1000" height="1000"></canvas>
* Technically, only Firefox does implement createImageBitmap(<ImageData>) asynchronously, Chrome and Safari will resolve the returned Promise synchronously, and there, it's safe to use it in an animation frame: https://jsfiddle.net/vraz3xcg/

How to clear the canvas without interrupting animations?

I am visualising flight paths with D3 and Canvas. In short, I have data for each flight's origin and destination
as well as the airport coordinates. The ideal end state is to have an indiviudal circle representing a plane moving
along each flight path from origin to destination. The current state is that each circle gets visualised along the path,
yet the removal of the previous circle along the line does not work as clearRect gets called nearly constantly.
Current state:
Ideal state (achieved with SVG):
The Concept
Conceptually, an SVG path for each flight is produced in memory using D3's custom interpolation with path.getTotalLength() and path.getPointAtLength() to move the circle along the path.
The interpolator returns the points along the path at any given time of the transition. A simple drawing function takes these points and draws the circle.
Key functions
The visualisation gets kicked off with:
od_pairs.forEach(function(el, i) {
fly(el[0], el[1]); // for example: fly('LHR', 'JFK')
});
The fly() function creates the SVG path in memory and a D3 selection of a circle (the 'plane') - also in memory.
function fly(origin, destination) {
var pathElement = document.createElementNS(d3.namespaces.svg, 'path');
var routeInMemory = d3.select(pathElement)
.datum({
type: 'LineString',
coordinates: [airportMap[origin], airportMap[destination]]
})
.attr('d', path);
var plane = custom.append('plane');
transition(plane, routeInMemory.node());
}
The plane gets transitioned along the path by the custom interpolater in the delta() function:
function transition(plane, route) {
var l = route.getTotalLength();
plane.transition()
.duration(l * 50)
.attrTween('pointCoordinates', delta(plane, route))
// .on('end', function() { transition(plane, route); });
}
function delta(plane, path) {
var l = path.getTotalLength();
return function(i) {
return function(t) {
var p = path.getPointAtLength(t * l);
draw([p.x, p.y]);
};
};
}
... which calls the simple draw() function
function draw(coords) {
// contextPlane.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); << how to tame this?
contextPlane.beginPath();
contextPlane.arc(coords[0], coords[1], 1, 0, 2*Math.PI);
contextPlane.fillStyle = 'tomato';
contextPlane.fill();
}
This results in an extending 'path' of circles as the circles get drawn yet not removed as shown in the first gif above.
Full code here: http://blockbuilder.org/larsvers/8e25c39921ca746df0c8995cce20d1a6
My question is, how can I achieve to draw only a single, current circle while the previous circle gets removed without interrupting other circles being drawn on the same canvas?
Some failed attempts:
The natural answer is of course context.clearRect(), however, as there's a time delay (roughly a milisecond+) for each circle to be drawn as it needs to get through the function pipeline clearRect gets fired almost constantly.
I tried to tame the perpetual clearing of the canvas by calling clearRect only at certain intervals (Date.now() % 10 === 0 or the like) but that leads to no good either.
Another thought was to calculate the previous circle's position and remove the area specifically with a small and specific clearRect definition within each draw() function.
Any pointers very much appreciated.

Handling small dirty regions, especially if there is overlap between objects quickly becomes very computationally heavy.
As a general rule, a average Laptop/desktop can easily handle 800 animated objects if the computation to calculate position is simple.
This means that the simple way to animate is to clear the canvas and redraw every frame. Saves a lot of complex code that offers no advantage over the simple clear and redraw.
const doFor = (count,callback) => {var i=0;while(i < count){callback(i++)}};
function createIcon(drawFunc){
const icon = document.createElement("canvas");
icon.width = icon.height = 10;
drawFunc(icon.getContext("2d"));
return icon;
}
function drawPlane(ctx){
const cx = ctx.canvas.width / 2;
const cy = ctx.canvas.height / 2;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.strokeStyle = ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.lineWidth = cx / 2;
ctx.lineJoin = "round";
ctx.lineCap = "round";
ctx.moveTo(cx/2,cy)
ctx.lineTo(cx * 1.5,cy);
ctx.moveTo(cx,cy/2)
ctx.lineTo(cx,cy*1.5)
ctx.stroke();
ctx.lineWidth = cx / 4;
ctx.moveTo(cx * 1.7,cy * 0.6)
ctx.lineTo(cx * 1.7,cy*1.4)
ctx.stroke();
}
const planes = {
items : [],
icon : createIcon(drawPlane),
clear(){
planes.items.length = 0;
},
add(x,y){
planes.items.push({
x,y,
ax : 0, // the direction of the x axis of this plane
ay : 0,
dir : Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
speed : Math.random() * 0.2 + 0.1,
dirV : (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.01, // change in direction
})
},
update(){
var i,p;
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
p.dir += p.dirV;
p.ax = Math.cos(p.dir);
p.ay = Math.sin(p.dir);
p.x += p.ax * p.speed;
p.y += p.ay * p.speed;
}
},
draw(){
var i,p;
const w = canvas.width;
const h = canvas.height;
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
var x = ((p.x % w) + w) % w;
var y = ((p.y % h) + h) % h;
ctx.setTransform(-p.ax,-p.ay,p.ay,-p.ax,x,y);
ctx.drawImage(planes.icon,-planes.icon.width / 2,-planes.icon.height / 2);
}
}
}
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
function mainLoop(){
if(canvas.width !== innerWidth || canvas.height !== innerHeight){
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
planes.clear();
doFor(800,()=>{ planes.add(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height) })
}
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
// clear or render a background map
ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
planes.update();
planes.draw();
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
}
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
canvas {
position : absolute;
top : 0px;
left : 0px;
}
<canvas id=canvas></canvas>
800 animated points
As pointed out in the comments some machines may be able to draw a circle if one colour and all as one path slightly quicker (not all machines). The point of rendering an image is that it is invariant to the image complexity. Image rendering is dependent on the image size but colour and alpha setting per pixel have no effect on rendering speed. Thus I have changed the circle to show the direction of each point via a little plane icon.
Path follow example
I have added a way point object to each plane that in the demo has a random set of way points added. I called it path (could have used a better name) and a unique path is created for each plane.
The demo is to just show how you can incorporate the D3.js interpolation into the plane update function. The plane.update now calls the path.getPos(time) which returns true if the plane has arrived. If so the plane is remove. Else the new plane coordinates are used (stored in the path object for that plane) to set the position and direction.
Warning the code for path does little to no vetting and thus can easily be made to throw an error. It is assumed that you write the path interface to the D3.js functionality you want.
const doFor = (count,callback) => {var i=0;while(i < count){callback(i++)}};
function createIcon(drawFunc){
const icon = document.createElement("canvas");
icon.width = icon.height = 10;
drawFunc(icon.getContext("2d"));
return icon;
}
function drawPlane(ctx){
const cx = ctx.canvas.width / 2;
const cy = ctx.canvas.height / 2;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.strokeStyle = ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.lineWidth = cx / 2;
ctx.lineJoin = "round";
ctx.lineCap = "round";
ctx.moveTo(cx/2,cy)
ctx.lineTo(cx * 1.5,cy);
ctx.moveTo(cx,cy/2)
ctx.lineTo(cx,cy*1.5)
ctx.stroke();
ctx.lineWidth = cx / 4;
ctx.moveTo(cx * 1.7,cy * 0.6)
ctx.lineTo(cx * 1.7,cy*1.4)
ctx.stroke();
}
const path = {
wayPoints : null, // holds way points
nextTarget : null, // holds next target waypoint
current : null, // hold previously passed way point
x : 0, // current pos x
y : 0, // current pos y
addWayPoint(x,y,time){
this.wayPoints.push({x,y,time});
},
start(){
if(this.wayPoints.length > 1){
this.current = this.wayPoints.shift();
this.nextTarget = this.wayPoints.shift();
}
},
getNextTarget(){
this.current = this.nextTarget;
if(this.wayPoints.length === 0){ // no more way points
return;
}
this.nextTarget = this.wayPoints.shift(); // get the next target
},
getPos(time){
while(this.nextTarget.time < time && this.wayPoints.length > 0){
this.getNextTarget(); // get targets untill the next target is ahead in time
}
if(this.nextTarget.time < time){
return true; // has arrivecd at target
}
// get time normalised ove time between current and next
var timeN = (time - this.current.time) / (this.nextTarget.time - this.current.time);
this.x = timeN * (this.nextTarget.x - this.current.x) + this.current.x;
this.y = timeN * (this.nextTarget.y - this.current.y) + this.current.y;
return false; // has not arrived
}
}
const planes = {
items : [],
icon : createIcon(drawPlane),
clear(){
planes.items.length = 0;
},
add(x,y){
var p;
planes.items.push(p = {
x,y,
ax : 0, // the direction of the x axis of this plane
ay : 0,
path : Object.assign({},path,{wayPoints : []}),
})
return p; // return the plane
},
update(time){
var i,p;
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
if(p.path.getPos(time)){ // target reached
planes.items.splice(i--,1); // remove
}else{
p.dir = Math.atan2(p.y - p.path.y, p.x - p.path.x) + Math.PI; // add 180 because i drew plane wrong way around.
p.ax = Math.cos(p.dir);
p.ay = Math.sin(p.dir);
p.x = p.path.x;
p.y = p.path.y;
}
}
},
draw(){
var i,p;
const w = canvas.width;
const h = canvas.height;
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
var x = ((p.x % w) + w) % w;
var y = ((p.y % h) + h) % h;
ctx.setTransform(-p.ax,-p.ay,p.ay,-p.ax,x,y);
ctx.drawImage(planes.icon,-planes.icon.width / 2,-planes.icon.height / 2);
}
}
}
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
function mainLoop(time){
if(canvas.width !== innerWidth || canvas.height !== innerHeight){
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
planes.clear();
doFor(810,()=>{
var p = planes.add(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height);
// now add random number of way points
var timeP = time;
// info to create a random path
var dir = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
var x = p.x;
var y = p.y;
doFor(Math.floor(Math.random() * 80 + 12),()=>{
var dist = Math.random() * 5 + 4;
x += Math.cos(dir) * dist;
y += Math.sin(dir) * dist;
dir += (Math.random()-0.5)*0.3;
timeP += Math.random() * 1000 + 500;
p.path.addWayPoint(x,y,timeP);
});
// last waypoin at center of canvas.
p.path.addWayPoint(canvas.width / 2,canvas.height / 2,timeP + 5000);
p.path.start();
})
}
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
// clear or render a background map
ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
planes.update(time);
planes.draw();
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
}
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
canvas {
position : absolute;
top : 0px;
left : 0px;
}
<canvas id=canvas></canvas>
800 animated points

#Blindman67 is correct, clear and redraw everything, every frame.
I'm here just to say that when dealing with such primitive shapes as arc without too many color variations, it's actually better to use the arc method than drawImage().
The idea is to wrap all your shapes in a single path declaration, using
ctx.beginPath(); // start path declaration
for(i; i<shapes.length; i++){ // loop through our points
ctx.moveTo(pt.x + pt.radius, pt.y); // default is lineTo and we don't want it
// Note the '+ radius', arc starts at 3 o'clock
ctx.arc(pt.x, pt.y, pt.radius, 0, Math.PI*2);
}
ctx.fill(); // a single fill()
This is faster than drawImage, but the main caveat is that it works only for single-colored set of shapes.
I've made an complex plotting app, where I do draw a lot (20K+) of entities, with animated positions. So what I do, is to store two sets of points, one un-sorted (actually sorted by radius), and one
sorted by color. I then do use the sorted-by-color one in my animations loop, and when the animation is complete, I draw only the final frame with the sorted-by-radius (after I filtered the non visible entities). I achieve 60fps on most devices. When I tried with drawImage, I was stuck at about 10fps for 5K points.
Here is a modified version of Blindman67's good answer's snippet, using this single-path approach.
/* All credits to SO user Blindman67 */
const doFor = (count,callback) => {var i=0;while(i < count){callback(i++)}};
const planes = {
items : [],
clear(){
planes.items.length = 0;
},
add(x,y){
planes.items.push({
x,y,
rad: 2,
dir : Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
speed : Math.random() * 0.2 + 0.1,
dirV : (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.01, // change in direction
})
},
update(){
var i,p;
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
p.dir += p.dirV;
p.x += Math.cos(p.dir) * p.speed;
p.y += Math.sin(p.dir) * p.speed;
}
},
draw(){
var i,p;
const w = canvas.width;
const h = canvas.height;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = 'red';
for(i = 0; i < planes.items.length; i ++){
p = planes.items[i];
var x = ((p.x % w) + w) % w;
var y = ((p.y % h) + h) % h;
ctx.moveTo(x + p.rad, y)
ctx.arc(x, y, p.rad, 0, Math.PI*2);
}
ctx.fill();
}
}
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
function mainLoop(){
if(canvas.width !== innerWidth || canvas.height !== innerHeight){
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
planes.clear();
doFor(8000,()=>{ planes.add(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height) })
}
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
// clear or render a background map
ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
planes.update();
planes.draw();
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
}
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop)
canvas {
position : absolute;
top : 0px;
left : 0px;
z-index: -1;
}
<canvas id=canvas></canvas>
8000 animated points
Not directly related but in case you've got part of your drawings that don't update at the same rate as the rest (e.g if you want to highlight an area of your map...) then you might also consider separating your drawings in different layers, on offscreen canvases. This way you'd have one canvas for the planes, that you'd clear every frame, and other canvas for other layers that you would update at different rate. But that's an other story.

Image resizing before uploading by using HTML5 Canvas and javascript [duplicate]

I'm trying to create a thumbnail image on the client side using javascript and a canvas element, but when I shrink the image down, it looks terrible. It looks as if it was downsized in photoshop with the resampling set to 'Nearest Neighbor' instead of Bicubic. I know its possible to get this to look right, because this site can do it just fine using a canvas as well. I've tried using the same code they do as shown in the "[Source]" link, but it still looks terrible. Is there something I'm missing, some setting that needs to be set or something?
EDIT:
I'm trying to resize a jpg. I have tried resizing the same jpg on the linked site and in photoshop, and it looks fine when downsized.
Here is the relevant code:
reader.onloadend = function(e)
{
var img = new Image();
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var canvasCopy = document.createElement("canvas");
var copyContext = canvasCopy.getContext("2d");
img.onload = function()
{
var ratio = 1;
if(img.width > maxWidth)
ratio = maxWidth / img.width;
else if(img.height > maxHeight)
ratio = maxHeight / img.height;
canvasCopy.width = img.width;
canvasCopy.height = img.height;
copyContext.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
canvas.width = img.width * ratio;
canvas.height = img.height * ratio;
ctx.drawImage(canvasCopy, 0, 0, canvasCopy.width, canvasCopy.height, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
};
img.src = reader.result;
}
EDIT2:
Seems I was mistaken, the linked website wasn't doing any better of a job of downsizing the image. I tried the other methods suggested and none of them look any better. This is what the different methods resulted in:
Photoshop:
Canvas:
Image with image-rendering: optimizeQuality set and scaled with width/height:
Image with image-rendering: optimizeQuality set and scaled with -moz-transform:
Canvas resize on pixastic:
I guess this means firefox isn't using bicubic sampling like its supposed to. I'll just have to wait until they actually add it.
EDIT3:
Original Image

So what do you do if all the browsers (actually, Chrome 5 gave me quite good one) won't give you good enough resampling quality? You implement them yourself then! Oh come on, we're entering the new age of Web 3.0, HTML5 compliant browsers, super optimized JIT javascript compilers, multi-core(†) machines, with tons of memory, what are you afraid of? Hey, there's the word java in javascript, so that should guarantee the performance, right? Behold, the thumbnail generating code:
// returns a function that calculates lanczos weight
function lanczosCreate(lobes) {
return function(x) {
if (x > lobes)
return 0;
x *= Math.PI;
if (Math.abs(x) < 1e-16)
return 1;
var xx = x / lobes;
return Math.sin(x) * Math.sin(xx) / x / xx;
};
}
// elem: canvas element, img: image element, sx: scaled width, lobes: kernel radius
function thumbnailer(elem, img, sx, lobes) {
this.canvas = elem;
elem.width = img.width;
elem.height = img.height;
elem.style.display = "none";
this.ctx = elem.getContext("2d");
this.ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
this.img = img;
this.src = this.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, img.width, img.height);
this.dest = {
width : sx,
height : Math.round(img.height * sx / img.width),
};
this.dest.data = new Array(this.dest.width * this.dest.height * 3);
this.lanczos = lanczosCreate(lobes);
this.ratio = img.width / sx;
this.rcp_ratio = 2 / this.ratio;
this.range2 = Math.ceil(this.ratio * lobes / 2);
this.cacheLanc = {};
this.center = {};
this.icenter = {};
setTimeout(this.process1, 0, this, 0);
}
thumbnailer.prototype.process1 = function(self, u) {
self.center.x = (u + 0.5) * self.ratio;
self.icenter.x = Math.floor(self.center.x);
for (var v = 0; v < self.dest.height; v++) {
self.center.y = (v + 0.5) * self.ratio;
self.icenter.y = Math.floor(self.center.y);
var a, r, g, b;
a = r = g = b = 0;
for (var i = self.icenter.x - self.range2; i <= self.icenter.x + self.range2; i++) {
if (i < 0 || i >= self.src.width)
continue;
var f_x = Math.floor(1000 * Math.abs(i - self.center.x));
if (!self.cacheLanc[f_x])
self.cacheLanc[f_x] = {};
for (var j = self.icenter.y - self.range2; j <= self.icenter.y + self.range2; j++) {
if (j < 0 || j >= self.src.height)
continue;
var f_y = Math.floor(1000 * Math.abs(j - self.center.y));
if (self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y] == undefined)
self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y] = self.lanczos(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(f_x * self.rcp_ratio, 2)
+ Math.pow(f_y * self.rcp_ratio, 2)) / 1000);
weight = self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y];
if (weight > 0) {
var idx = (j * self.src.width + i) * 4;
a += weight;
r += weight * self.src.data[idx];
g += weight * self.src.data[idx + 1];
b += weight * self.src.data[idx + 2];
}
}
}
var idx = (v * self.dest.width + u) * 3;
self.dest.data[idx] = r / a;
self.dest.data[idx + 1] = g / a;
self.dest.data[idx + 2] = b / a;
}
if (++u < self.dest.width)
setTimeout(self.process1, 0, self, u);
else
setTimeout(self.process2, 0, self);
};
thumbnailer.prototype.process2 = function(self) {
self.canvas.width = self.dest.width;
self.canvas.height = self.dest.height;
self.ctx.drawImage(self.img, 0, 0, self.dest.width, self.dest.height);
self.src = self.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, self.dest.width, self.dest.height);
var idx, idx2;
for (var i = 0; i < self.dest.width; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < self.dest.height; j++) {
idx = (j * self.dest.width + i) * 3;
idx2 = (j * self.dest.width + i) * 4;
self.src.data[idx2] = self.dest.data[idx];
self.src.data[idx2 + 1] = self.dest.data[idx + 1];
self.src.data[idx2 + 2] = self.dest.data[idx + 2];
}
}
self.ctx.putImageData(self.src, 0, 0);
self.canvas.style.display = "block";
};
...with which you can produce results like these!
so anyway, here is a 'fixed' version of your example:
img.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
new thumbnailer(canvas, img, 188, 3); //this produces lanczos3
// but feel free to raise it up to 8. Your client will appreciate
// that the program makes full use of his machine.
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
};
Now it's time to pit your best browsers out there and see which one will least likely increase your client's blood pressure!
Umm, where's my sarcasm tag?
(since many parts of the code is based on Anrieff Gallery Generator is it also covered under GPL2? I don't know)
† actually due to limitation of javascript, multi-core is not supported.

Fast image resize/resample algorithm using Hermite filter with JavaScript. Support transparency, gives good quality. Preview:
Update: version 2.0 added on GitHub (faster, web workers + transferable objects). Finally i got it working!
Git: https://github.com/viliusle/Hermite-resize
Demo: http://viliusle.github.io/miniPaint/
/**
* Hermite resize - fast image resize/resample using Hermite filter. 1 cpu version!
*
* #param {HtmlElement} canvas
* #param {int} width
* #param {int} height
* #param {boolean} resize_canvas if true, canvas will be resized. Optional.
*/
function resample_single(canvas, width, height, resize_canvas) {
var width_source = canvas.width;
var height_source = canvas.height;
width = Math.round(width);
height = Math.round(height);
var ratio_w = width_source / width;
var ratio_h = height_source / height;
var ratio_w_half = Math.ceil(ratio_w / 2);
var ratio_h_half = Math.ceil(ratio_h / 2);
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var img = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, width_source, height_source);
var img2 = ctx.createImageData(width, height);
var data = img.data;
var data2 = img2.data;
for (var j = 0; j < height; j++) {
for (var i = 0; i < width; i++) {
var x2 = (i + j * width) * 4;
var weight = 0;
var weights = 0;
var weights_alpha = 0;
var gx_r = 0;
var gx_g = 0;
var gx_b = 0;
var gx_a = 0;
var center_y = (j + 0.5) * ratio_h;
var yy_start = Math.floor(j * ratio_h);
var yy_stop = Math.ceil((j + 1) * ratio_h);
for (var yy = yy_start; yy < yy_stop; yy++) {
var dy = Math.abs(center_y - (yy + 0.5)) / ratio_h_half;
var center_x = (i + 0.5) * ratio_w;
var w0 = dy * dy; //pre-calc part of w
var xx_start = Math.floor(i * ratio_w);
var xx_stop = Math.ceil((i + 1) * ratio_w);
for (var xx = xx_start; xx < xx_stop; xx++) {
var dx = Math.abs(center_x - (xx + 0.5)) / ratio_w_half;
var w = Math.sqrt(w0 + dx * dx);
if (w >= 1) {
//pixel too far
continue;
}
//hermite filter
weight = 2 * w * w * w - 3 * w * w + 1;
var pos_x = 4 * (xx + yy * width_source);
//alpha
gx_a += weight * data[pos_x + 3];
weights_alpha += weight;
//colors
if (data[pos_x + 3] < 255)
weight = weight * data[pos_x + 3] / 250;
gx_r += weight * data[pos_x];
gx_g += weight * data[pos_x + 1];
gx_b += weight * data[pos_x + 2];
weights += weight;
}
}
data2[x2] = gx_r / weights;
data2[x2 + 1] = gx_g / weights;
data2[x2 + 2] = gx_b / weights;
data2[x2 + 3] = gx_a / weights_alpha;
}
}
//clear and resize canvas
if (resize_canvas === true) {
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
} else {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width_source, height_source);
}
//draw
ctx.putImageData(img2, 0, 0);
}

Try pica - that's a highly optimized resizer with selectable algorythms. See demo.
For example, original image from first post is resized in 120ms with Lanczos filter and 3px window or 60ms with Box filter and 0.5px window. For huge 17mb image 5000x3000px resize takes ~1s on desktop and 3s on mobile.
All resize principles were described very well in this thread, and pica does not add rocket science. But it's optimized very well for modern JIT-s, and is ready to use out of box (via npm or bower). Also, it use webworkers when available to avoid interface freezes.
I also plan to add unsharp mask support soon, because it's very useful after downscale.

I know this is an old thread but it might be useful for some people such as myself that months after are hitting this issue for the first time.
Here is some code that resizes the image every time you reload the image. I am aware this is not optimal at all, but I provide it as a proof of concept.
Also, sorry for using jQuery for simple selectors but I just feel too comfortable with the syntax.
$(document).on('ready', createImage);
$(window).on('resize', createImage);
var createImage = function(){
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
canvas.width = window.innerWidth || $(window).width();
canvas.height = window.innerHeight || $(window).height();
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
img = new Image();
img.addEventListener('load', function () {
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0, w, h);
});
img.src = 'http://www.ruinvalor.com/Telanor/images/original.jpg';
};
html, body{
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: #000;
}
canvas{
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
z-index: 0;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Canvas Resize</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
My createImage function is called once when the document is loaded and after that it is called every time the window receives a resize event.
I tested it in Chrome 6 and Firefox 3.6, both on the Mac. This "technique" eats processor as it if was ice cream in the summer, but it does the trick.

I've put up some algorithms to do image interpolation on html canvas pixel arrays that might be useful here:
https://web.archive.org/web/20170104190425/http://jsperf.com:80/pixel-interpolation/2
These can be copy/pasted and can be used inside of web workers to resize images (or any other operation that requires interpolation - I'm using them to defish images at the moment).
I haven't added the lanczos stuff above, so feel free to add that as a comparison if you'd like.

This is a javascript function adapted from #Telanor's code. When passing a image base64 as first argument to the function, it returns the base64 of the resized image. maxWidth and maxHeight are optional.
function thumbnail(base64, maxWidth, maxHeight) {
// Max size for thumbnail
if(typeof(maxWidth) === 'undefined') var maxWidth = 500;
if(typeof(maxHeight) === 'undefined') var maxHeight = 500;
// Create and initialize two canvas
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var canvasCopy = document.createElement("canvas");
var copyContext = canvasCopy.getContext("2d");
// Create original image
var img = new Image();
img.src = base64;
// Determine new ratio based on max size
var ratio = 1;
if(img.width > maxWidth)
ratio = maxWidth / img.width;
else if(img.height > maxHeight)
ratio = maxHeight / img.height;
// Draw original image in second canvas
canvasCopy.width = img.width;
canvasCopy.height = img.height;
copyContext.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
// Copy and resize second canvas to first canvas
canvas.width = img.width * ratio;
canvas.height = img.height * ratio;
ctx.drawImage(canvasCopy, 0, 0, canvasCopy.width, canvasCopy.height, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
return canvas.toDataURL();
}

I'd highly suggest you check out this link and make sure it is set to true.
Controlling image scaling behavior
Introduced in Gecko 1.9.2 (Firefox 3.6
/ Thunderbird 3.1 / Fennec 1.0)
Gecko 1.9.2 introduced the
mozImageSmoothingEnabled property to
the canvas element; if this Boolean
value is false, images won't be
smoothed when scaled. This property is
true by default. view plainprint?
cx.mozImageSmoothingEnabled = false;

If you're simply trying to resize an image, I'd recommend setting width and height of the image with CSS. Here's a quick example:
.small-image {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
Note that the height and width can also be set using JavaScript. Here's quick code sample:
var img = document.getElement("my-image");
img.style.width = 100 + "px"; // Make sure you add the "px" to the end,
img.style.height = 100 + "px"; // otherwise you'll confuse IE
Also, to ensure that the resized image looks good, add the following css rules to image selector:
-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic: introduce in IE7
image-rendering: optimizeQuality: introduced in FireFox 3.6
As far as I can tell, all browsers except IE using an bicubic algorithm to resize images by default, so your resized images should look good in Firefox and Chrome.
If setting the css width and height doesn't work, you may want to play with a css transform:
-moz-transform: scale(sx[, sy])
-webkit-transform:scale(sx[, sy])
If for whatever reason you need to use a canvas, please note that there are two ways an image can be resize: by resizing the canvas with css or by drawing the image at a smaller size.
See this question for more details.

i got this image by right clicking the canvas element in firefox and saving as.
var img = new Image();
img.onload = function () {
console.debug(this.width,this.height);
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas'), ctx;
canvas.width = 188;
canvas.height = 150;
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.drawImage(img,0,0,188,150);
};
img.src = 'original.jpg';
so anyway, here is a 'fixed' version of your example:
var img = new Image();
// added cause it wasnt defined
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var canvasCopy = document.createElement("canvas");
// adding it to the body
document.body.appendChild(canvasCopy);
var copyContext = canvasCopy.getContext("2d");
img.onload = function()
{
var ratio = 1;
// defining cause it wasnt
var maxWidth = 188,
maxHeight = 150;
if(img.width > maxWidth)
ratio = maxWidth / img.width;
else if(img.height > maxHeight)
ratio = maxHeight / img.height;
canvasCopy.width = img.width;
canvasCopy.height = img.height;
copyContext.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
canvas.width = img.width * ratio;
canvas.height = img.height * ratio;
// the line to change
// ctx.drawImage(canvasCopy, 0, 0, canvasCopy.width, canvasCopy.height, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
// the method signature you are using is for slicing
ctx.drawImage(canvasCopy, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
};
// changed for example
img.src = 'original.jpg';

For resizing to image with width less that original, i use:
function resize2(i) {
var cc = document.createElement("canvas");
cc.width = i.width / 2;
cc.height = i.height / 2;
var ctx = cc.getContext("2d");
ctx.drawImage(i, 0, 0, cc.width, cc.height);
return cc;
}
var cc = img;
while (cc.width > 64 * 2) {
cc = resize2(cc);
}
// .. than drawImage(cc, .... )
and it works =).

I have a feeling the module I wrote will produce similar results to photoshop, as it preserves color data by averaging them, not applying an algorithm. It's kind of slow, but to me it is the best, because it preserves all the color data.
https://github.com/danschumann/limby-resize/blob/master/lib/canvas_resize.js
It doesn't take the nearest neighbor and drop other pixels, or sample a group and take a random average. It takes the exact proportion each source pixel should output into the destination pixel. The average pixel color in the source will be the average pixel color in the destination, which these other formulas, I think they will not be.
an example of how to use is at the bottom of
https://github.com/danschumann/limby-resize
UPDATE OCT 2018: These days my example is more academic than anything else. Webgl is pretty much 100%, so you'd be better off resizing with that to produce similar results, but faster. PICA.js does this, I believe. –

The problem with some of this solutions is that they access directly the pixel data and loop through it to perform the downsampling. Depending on the size of the image this can be very resource intensive, and it would be better to use the browser's internal algorithms.
The drawImage() function is using a linear-interpolation, nearest-neighbor resampling method. That works well when you are not resizing down more than half the original size.
If you loop to only resize max one half at a time, the results would be quite good, and much faster than accessing pixel data.
This function downsample to half at a time until reaching the desired size:
function resize_image( src, dst, type, quality ) {
var tmp = new Image(),
canvas, context, cW, cH;
type = type || 'image/jpeg';
quality = quality || 0.92;
cW = src.naturalWidth;
cH = src.naturalHeight;
tmp.src = src.src;
tmp.onload = function() {
canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );
cW /= 2;
cH /= 2;
if ( cW < src.width ) cW = src.width;
if ( cH < src.height ) cH = src.height;
canvas.width = cW;
canvas.height = cH;
context = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
context.drawImage( tmp, 0, 0, cW, cH );
dst.src = canvas.toDataURL( type, quality );
if ( cW <= src.width || cH <= src.height )
return;
tmp.src = dst.src;
}
}
// The images sent as parameters can be in the DOM or be image objects
resize_image( $( '#original' )[0], $( '#smaller' )[0] );
Credits to this post

So something interesting that I found a while ago while working with canvas that might be helpful:
To resize the canvas control on its own, you need to use the height="" and width="" attributes (or canvas.width/canvas.height elements). If you use CSS to resize the canvas, it will actually stretch (i.e.: resize) the content of the canvas to fit the full canvas (rather than simply increasing or decreasing the area of the canvas.
It'd be worth a shot to try drawing the image into a canvas control with the height and width attributes set to the size of the image and then using CSS to resize the canvas to the size you're looking for. Perhaps this would use a different resizing algorithm.
It should also be noted that canvas has different effects in different browsers (and even different versions of different browsers). The algorithms and techniques used in the browsers is likely to change over time (especially with Firefox 4 and Chrome 6 coming out so soon, which will place heavy emphasis on canvas rendering performance).
In addition, you may want to give SVG a shot, too, as it likely uses a different algorithm as well.
Best of luck!

Fast and simple Javascript image resizer:
https://github.com/calvintwr/blitz-hermite-resize
const blitz = Blitz.create()
/* Promise */
blitz({
source: DOM Image/DOM Canvas/jQuery/DataURL/File,
width: 400,
height: 600
}).then(output => {
// handle output
})catch(error => {
// handle error
})
/* Await */
let resized = await blizt({...})
/* Old school callback */
const blitz = Blitz.create('callback')
blitz({...}, function(output) {
// run your callback.
})
History
This is really after many rounds of research, reading and trying.
The resizer algorithm uses #ViliusL's Hermite script (Hermite resizer is really the fastest and gives reasonably good output). Extended with features you need.
Forks 1 worker to do the resizing so that it doesn't freeze your browser when resizing, unlike all other JS resizers out there.

I converted #syockit's answer as well as the step-down approach into a reusable Angular service for anyone who's interested: https://gist.github.com/fisch0920/37bac5e741eaec60e983
I included both solutions because they both have their own pros / cons. The lanczos convolution approach is higher quality at the cost of being slower, whereas the step-wise downscaling approach produces reasonably antialiased results and is significantly faster.
Example usage:
angular.module('demo').controller('ExampleCtrl', function (imageService) {
// EXAMPLE USAGE
// NOTE: it's bad practice to access the DOM inside a controller,
// but this is just to show the example usage.
// resize by lanczos-sinc filter
imageService.resize($('#myimg')[0], 256, 256)
.then(function (resizedImage) {
// do something with resized image
})
// resize by stepping down image size in increments of 2x
imageService.resizeStep($('#myimg')[0], 256, 256)
.then(function (resizedImage) {
// do something with resized image
})
})

Thanks #syockit for an awesome answer. however, I had to reformat a little as follows to make it work. Perhaps due to DOM scanning issues:
$(document).ready(function () {
$('img').on("load", clickA);
function clickA() {
var img = this;
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
new thumbnailer(canvas, img, 50, 3);
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
}
function thumbnailer(elem, img, sx, lobes) {
this.canvas = elem;
elem.width = img.width;
elem.height = img.height;
elem.style.display = "none";
this.ctx = elem.getContext("2d");
this.ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
this.img = img;
this.src = this.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, img.width, img.height);
this.dest = {
width: sx,
height: Math.round(img.height * sx / img.width)
};
this.dest.data = new Array(this.dest.width * this.dest.height * 3);
this.lanczos = lanczosCreate(lobes);
this.ratio = img.width / sx;
this.rcp_ratio = 2 / this.ratio;
this.range2 = Math.ceil(this.ratio * lobes / 2);
this.cacheLanc = {};
this.center = {};
this.icenter = {};
setTimeout(process1, 0, this, 0);
}
//returns a function that calculates lanczos weight
function lanczosCreate(lobes) {
return function (x) {
if (x > lobes)
return 0;
x *= Math.PI;
if (Math.abs(x) < 1e-16)
return 1
var xx = x / lobes;
return Math.sin(x) * Math.sin(xx) / x / xx;
}
}
process1 = function (self, u) {
self.center.x = (u + 0.5) * self.ratio;
self.icenter.x = Math.floor(self.center.x);
for (var v = 0; v < self.dest.height; v++) {
self.center.y = (v + 0.5) * self.ratio;
self.icenter.y = Math.floor(self.center.y);
var a, r, g, b;
a = r = g = b = 0;
for (var i = self.icenter.x - self.range2; i <= self.icenter.x + self.range2; i++) {
if (i < 0 || i >= self.src.width)
continue;
var f_x = Math.floor(1000 * Math.abs(i - self.center.x));
if (!self.cacheLanc[f_x])
self.cacheLanc[f_x] = {};
for (var j = self.icenter.y - self.range2; j <= self.icenter.y + self.range2; j++) {
if (j < 0 || j >= self.src.height)
continue;
var f_y = Math.floor(1000 * Math.abs(j - self.center.y));
if (self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y] == undefined)
self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y] = self.lanczos(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(f_x * self.rcp_ratio, 2) + Math.pow(f_y * self.rcp_ratio, 2)) / 1000);
weight = self.cacheLanc[f_x][f_y];
if (weight > 0) {
var idx = (j * self.src.width + i) * 4;
a += weight;
r += weight * self.src.data[idx];
g += weight * self.src.data[idx + 1];
b += weight * self.src.data[idx + 2];
}
}
}
var idx = (v * self.dest.width + u) * 3;
self.dest.data[idx] = r / a;
self.dest.data[idx + 1] = g / a;
self.dest.data[idx + 2] = b / a;
}
if (++u < self.dest.width)
setTimeout(process1, 0, self, u);
else
setTimeout(process2, 0, self);
};
process2 = function (self) {
self.canvas.width = self.dest.width;
self.canvas.height = self.dest.height;
self.ctx.drawImage(self.img, 0, 0);
self.src = self.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, self.dest.width, self.dest.height);
var idx, idx2;
for (var i = 0; i < self.dest.width; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < self.dest.height; j++) {
idx = (j * self.dest.width + i) * 3;
idx2 = (j * self.dest.width + i) * 4;
self.src.data[idx2] = self.dest.data[idx];
self.src.data[idx2 + 1] = self.dest.data[idx + 1];
self.src.data[idx2 + 2] = self.dest.data[idx + 2];
}
}
self.ctx.putImageData(self.src, 0, 0);
self.canvas.style.display = "block";
}
});

I wanted some well defined functions out of answers here so ended up with these which am hoping would be useful for others also,
function getImageFromLink(link) {
return new Promise(function (resolve) {
var image = new Image();
image.onload = function () { resolve(image); };
image.src = link;
});
}
function resizeImageToBlob(image, width, height, mime) {
return new Promise(function (resolve) {
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(image, 0, 0, width, height);
return canvas.toBlob(resolve, mime);
});
}
getImageFromLink(location.href).then(function (image) {
// calculate these based on the original size
var width = image.width / 4;
var height = image.height / 4;
return resizeImageToBlob(image, width, height, 'image/jpeg');
}).then(function (blob) {
// Do something with the result Blob object
document.querySelector('img').src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
Just for the sake of testing this run it on a image opened in a tab.

I just ran a page of side by sides comparisons and unless something has changed recently, I could see no better downsizing (scaling) using canvas vs. simple css. I tested in FF6 Mac OSX 10.7. Still slightly soft vs. the original.
I did however stumble upon something that did make a huge difference and that was using image filters in browsers that support canvas. You can actually manipulate images much like you can in Photoshop with blur, sharpen, saturation, ripple, grayscale, etc.
I then found an awesome jQuery plug-in which makes application of these filters a snap:
http://codecanyon.net/item/jsmanipulate-jquery-image-manipulation-plugin/428234
I simply apply the sharpen filter right after resizing the image which should give you the desired effect. I didn't even have to use a canvas element.

Looking for another great simple solution?
var img=document.createElement('img');
img.src=canvas.toDataURL();
$(img).css("background", backgroundColor);
$(img).width(settings.width);
$(img).height(settings.height);
This solution will use the resize algorith of browser! :)

How to scale an imageData in HTML canvas?

I have a canvas in my webpage; I create a new Image data in this canvas then I modify some pixel through myImgData.data[] array. Now I would like to scale this image and make it bigger. I tried by scaling the context but the image remains small. Is it possible to do this?
Thanks

You could draw the imageData to a new canvas, scale the original canvas and then draw the new canvas to the original canvas.
Something like this should work:
var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, 100, 100);
var newCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", imageData.width)
.attr("height", imageData.height)[0];
newCanvas.getContext("2d").putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
context.scale(1.5, 1.5);
context.drawImage(newCanvas, 0, 0);
Here's a functioning demo http://jsfiddle.net/Hm2xq/2/.

I needed to do it without the interpolation that putImageData() causes, so I did it by scaling the image data into a new, resized ImageData object. I can't think of any other time I've thought that using 5 nested for loops was a good idea:
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale) {
var scaled = c.createImageData(imageData.width * scale, imageData.height * scale);
for(var row = 0; row < imageData.height; row++) {
for(var col = 0; col < imageData.width; col++) {
var sourcePixel = [
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 0],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 1],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 2],
imageData.data[(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 3]
];
for(var y = 0; y < scale; y++) {
var destRow = row * scale + y;
for(var x = 0; x < scale; x++) {
var destCol = col * scale + x;
for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
scaled.data[(destRow * scaled.width + destCol) * 4 + i] =
sourcePixel[i];
}
}
}
}
}
return scaled;
}
I hope that at least one other programmer can copy and paste this into their editor while muttering, "There but for the grace of god go I."

I know it's an old subject, but since people like may find it useful, I add my optimization to the code of rodarmor :
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale) {
var scaled = ctx.createImageData(imageData.width * scale, imageData.height * scale);
var subLine = ctx.createImageData(scale, 1).data
for (var row = 0; row < imageData.height; row++) {
for (var col = 0; col < imageData.width; col++) {
var sourcePixel = imageData.data.subarray(
(row * imageData.width + col) * 4,
(row * imageData.width + col) * 4 + 4
);
for (var x = 0; x < scale; x++) subLine.set(sourcePixel, x*4)
for (var y = 0; y < scale; y++) {
var destRow = row * scale + y;
var destCol = col * scale;
scaled.data.set(subLine, (destRow * scaled.width + destCol) * 4)
}
}
}
return scaled;
}
This code uses less loops and runs roughly 30 times faster. For instance, on a 100x zoom of a 100*100 area this codes takes 250 ms while the other takes more than 8 seconds.

You can scale the canvas using the drawImage method.
context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.drawImage( canvas, 0, 0, 2*canvas.width, 2*canvas.height );
This would scale the image to double the size and render the north-west part of it to the canvas. Scaling is achieved with the third and fourth parameters to the drawImage method, which specify the resulting width and height of the image.
See docs at MDN https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/CanvasRenderingContext2D#drawImage%28%29

#Castrohenge's answer works, but as Muhammad Umer points out, it messes up the mouse coordinates on the original canvas after that. If you want to maintain the ability to perform additional scales (for cropping, etc.) then you need to utilize a second canvas (for scaling) and then fetch the image data from the second canvas and put that into the original canvas. Like so:
function scaleImageData(imageData, scale){
var newCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", imageData.width)
.attr("height", imageData.height)[0];
newCanvas.getContext("2d").putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
// Second canvas, for scaling
var scaleCanvas = $("<canvas>")
.attr("width", canvas.width)
.attr("height", canvas.height)[0];
var scaleCtx = scaleCanvas.getContext("2d");
scaleCtx.scale(scale, scale);
scaleCtx.drawImage(newCanvas, 0, 0);
var scaledImageData = scaleCtx.getImageData(0, 0, scaleCanvas.width, scaleCanvas.height);
return scaledImageData;
}

Nowadays, the best way to render a scaled ImageData object is generally to create an ImageBitmap from it.
All modern browsers finally do support it.
This will use a faster path to render the ImageData's content to a bitmap readily available to be painted by drawImage(), theoretically a lot faster than the second best option of putting the ImageData on a secondary <canvas> and redraw that <canvas>.
The main catch-up is that createImageBitmap() is asynchronous*, and thus it may not fit in an animation frame very well.
(async () => {
// here I'll just make some noise in my ImageData
const imagedata = new ImageData(100, 100);
const arr = new Uint32Array(imagedata.data.buffer);
for( let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
arr[i] = Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF + 0xFF000000;
}
// now to render it bigger
const bitmap = await createImageBitmap(imagedata);
const canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false; // keep pixel perfect
ctx.drawImage(bitmap, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
})();
<canvas width="1000" height="1000"></canvas>
* Technically, only Firefox does implement createImageBitmap(<ImageData>) asynchronously, Chrome and Safari will resolve the returned Promise synchronously, and there, it's safe to use it in an animation frame: https://jsfiddle.net/vraz3xcg/

Updating image data using putImageData on a resized canvas element

I have a static image (a png) that I'm drawing on a canvas element using drawImage.
var _canvas = null;
var _context = null;
var _curImageData;
function copyImageToCanvas(aImg)
{
_canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var w = aImg.naturalWidth;
var h = aImg.naturalHeight;
_canvas.width = w;
_canvas.height = h;
_context = _canvas.getContext("2d");
_context.clearRect(0, 0, w, h);
_context.drawImage(aImg, 0, 0);
_curImageData = _context.getImageData(0, 0, w, h);
}
I then manipulate the image data pixel by pixel (setting the opacity to 255 or 0 depending on the pixel value) and then update the canvas using putImageData.
function updateImage(maxPixelValToShow)
{
for (var x = 0; x < _curImageData.width; x++)
for (var y = 0; y < _curImageData.height; y++)
{
var offset = (y * _curImageData.width + x) * 4;
var r = _curImageData.data[offset];
var g = _curImageData.data[offset + 1];
var b = _curImageData.data[offset + 2];
var a = _curImageData.data[offset + 3];
var pixelNum = ((g * 255) + b);
//if greater than max or black/no data
if (pixelNum > maxPixelValToShow || (!r && !g && !b)) {
_curImageData.data[offset + 3] = 0;
} else {
_curImageData.data[offset + 3] = 255;
}
}
_context.putImageData(_curImageData, 0, 0);
}
And this all works perfectly. The issue I'm having is when I create a canvas twice the size of my image (or half the size, for that matter) and draw the image to fit the canvas size.
function copyImageToCanvas(aImg)
{
_canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var w = aImg.naturalWidth * 2; //double the size!
var h = aImg.naturalHeight * 2; //double the size!
_canvas.width = w;
_canvas.height = h;
_context = _canvas.getContext("2d");
_context.clearRect(0, 0, w, h);
_context.drawImage(aImg, 0, 0, w, h);
_curImageData = _context.getImageData(0, 0, w, h);
}
I'm getting lots of strange artifacts around the edges of my image when I call my updateImage function. Does anyone know a) why this is happening and b) what can I do about it?
Here are some images to show what is being generated:
The original image
The original image after my updateImage function call
The resized image
The resized image after my updateImage function call
[Solution]
Thanks Adam and sunetos, that was the problem. It worked fine once I setup one canvas to store the original file data and do the pixel manipulation and another only for display. Code snippet below:
function updateImage(maxPixelValToShow) {
//manipulate the _workingContext data
_workingContext.putImageData(_curImageData, 0, 0);
_displayContext.clearRect(0, 0, _workingCanvas.width*_scale, _workingCanvas.height*_scale);
_displayContext.drawImage(_workingCanvas, 0, 0, _workingCanvas.width*_scale, _workingCanvas.height*_scale);
}

It looks like the image smoothing used by the browser when scaling up the image in drawImage() antialiased the edges of your shape, causing new intermediate color values around the edge that are not handled by your updateImage() function. Like Adam commented, you should apply your updateImage() logic against the unmodified original pixels, and then scale it.