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FadeIn animation using CSS3 in Javascript

As jQuery.fadeIn is not very smooth on mobile devices I try to use CSS but it doesn't work as expected. How to create a smooth CSS animation using Javascript?
In general this is what I'm trying:
$('div')
.css('opacity', 0) // at first, set it transparent
.css('display', 'block') // make it appear
.css('transition', 'opacity 1000ms linear') // set a transition
.css('opacity', 1); // let it fade in
https://jsfiddle.net/8xa89y04/
EDIT1:
I'm not searching a solution using static CSS classes. The point is: I need to set this dynamically in Javascript code - a replacement for jQuerys fadeIn() for example.

Your logic isn't quite right. Firstly you cannot animate display, so to achieve what you require the element has to always be rendered in the DOM (ie. anything but display: none). Secondly, the transition property should be placed within the CSS styling itself. Finally you can make this much more simple by setting all the rules in CSS classes and just turning the class on/off. Try this:
div {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: black;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 1000ms linear;
}
.foo {
opacity: 1;
}
$('div').addClass('foo');
Working example

Use this code.
CSS
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: black;
transition:opacity 2s;
}
JavaScript
$('div').hover(function(){
$(this).css('opacity','0');
})

Without using CSS properly, you are going the long way about it. You'll need to emulate what you would normally do in CSS, using JavaScript, so you'll be setting all your CSS properties, transitions etc, then applying them with js.
I can't personally see any benefit in doing this. Using actual CSS would be cleaner, more efficient, more maintainable, and simply a plain better solution to what you need.

I think this is what you are looking for.
$('div').css({"display":"block", "opacity":"0"}) //Make div visible and opacity as "0"
$('div').animate({opacity :1}, 1000); //Animate div to opacity "1"
Take a look at this Demo

Found the cause here: CSS transitions do not work when assigned trough JavaScript
To give this attention I need to give the browser some time - or better: a working slot to activate the transition as the time seems not to be a problem.
The following code cuts the process in two by using setTimeout()... and it works!
var div = $('div');
// first process
div
.css('opacity', 0) // initial opacity
.css('display', 'block') // make it appear (but still transparent)
.css('transition', 'opacity 1s linear'); // set up a transition for opacity
// break - start the transition in a new "thread" by using setTimeout()
window.setTimeout(function(){
div.css('opacity', 1); // start fade in
}, 1); // on my desktop browser only 1ms is enough but this
// may depend on the device performance
// maybe we need a bigger timeout on mobile devices

How to instantly update a smoothly updating progress bar?

Bit of a specific question but I have a progress bar traveling from 100% to 0% over 10 seconds and I would like to, upon clicking a button, to jump it to whatever percent and continue from there. Here is a fiddle so far:
https://jsfiddle.net/41o6xvyt/
This kinda works except for the fact I have to use a timeout and some instant css switching trickery to get it to work (and even then it may not work on slower computers and it loses however many milliseconds). I was wondering if there was a better way that didn't require timeouts or this kind of hack in order to work.

The reason why you need the setTimeout() it is because the changes are cached by the browser and only applied after the entire script executes. The setTimeout allows one script to execute, then another after the timeout. This allows the CSS changes to be applied. In your example if we only call b() here is what's going on:
$("#first").css({ 'transition-duration' : '0s' }); // Cache change1
$("#first").css("width","50%"); // Cache change2
$("#first").css({ 'transition-duration' : '5s' }); // Overwrite change1
$("#first").css("width", "0%"); // Overwrite change2
// Apply style changes
The first changes to transition-duration and width practically never even existed, and never where applied since it was all done at the end of the script.
If you read the offsetHeight property of the element it will flush the cache and apply the changes, this will force the changes made to the CSS to be applied.
Also you will need to do is change the progress bars width to be set in CSS rather than as an attribute (as the flush only affects the CSS and not the items directly in style).
$("#report_jump").click(function(){
$("#first").css({ 'transition-duration' : '0s' });
$("#first").css("width","50%");
$("#first")[0].offsetHeight; // flush CSS, the above changes will now be applied
b();
});
Fiddle Example
Note
The "instant css switching trickery" isn't really trickery. We simply want to change the width to 50% and do so in 0 seconds. That's why the 'transition-duration' : '0s' is necessary.

you could try using keyframe
http://jsfiddle.net/j44gbwna/3/
#keyframes loader {
0% {left: 0px;}
99% { left: 100%;}
}
#-webkit-keyframes loader {
0% {width: 0%;left:0;right:0}
50% { width: 100%;left:0;right:0}
99% { width: 0%;left:100%;right:0}
}

I edited your codes and found a solution
$("#report_start").click(function(){
$("#first").removeClass('notransition');
$("#first").css("width","0%");
});
$("#report_jump").click(function(){
$("#first").css("width","50%");
$("#first").addClass('notransition'); // to remove transition
var dummyDelay=$("#first").width();
$("#report_start").trigger('click');
});
And add class in css
.notransition {
-webkit-transition: none !important;
-moz-transition: none !important;
-o-transition: none !important;
-ms-transition: none !important;
transition: none !important;
}
See live
https://jsfiddle.net/mailmerohit5/jbL3n4kj/

jQuery: Move div to the left on click and bring it back to its original position (with the same button)

Here I am again, drowning in my noobness. I have been searching for literally HOURS to solve this problem! I am totally a beginner in jQuery/Javascript so I need some help.
This is what I want to do:
I have a navigation bar that when you click on a button, it hides it, then when you click again, it toggles it back, so the navigation bar is visible again. I have done this with jQuery and it works perfectly.
Now what happens is that, when you click that button and hide the navbar, I want the div content to slide to the left a few pixels and take up the full width (thus growing a bit bigger and filling up the useless whitespace, I especially want this for mobile-users). Again, this works perfectly.
However...if I click back on the famous button, the navigation bar comes back but the div content is still to the left, slightly hidden by the navbar. Whereas I want that when to navigation comes back, the div content comes back to its original place and width aswell.
Thus I have tried many many different codes but nothing seems to work! It either stays left or it just does not do anything. Although interesting and fun, it gets kind of frustrating after a few hours.
Here are a few things I have tried:
-toggle
-animate/stop
-if/else
-Get x position
I did not save any jQuery/javascript code but if need be, I shall provide a snippet. The reason I do not want to provide any code is because it is insanely LONG and confusing and complex!
As such, thank you very much in advance for your help! =)
Ah one last thing: Again, please keep in mind that you are talking to a beginner! So may you please be very specific and methodical (and keep it simple if possible ^^'), I would very much appreciate it since I have been searching for hours on Google and stackoverflow.
Oh woops I forgot! I do not use pixels for my units. I use "%" for the sake of responsiveness...I don't know if that actually works with jQuery...Enlighten me!
**ALRIGHT! Here is my super complicated fiddle...Somehow the jQuery is not working in my fiddle but it is working on my browser.
<html>Some super random code because it won't let me post fiddle without it but all my code is in the fiddle...</html>
https://jsfiddle.net/czcvucxL/1/**

you can get it done toggling a class from .content1 instead of using jquery
Demo
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#CharaCircle a").click(function(){
$("#Header").animate({width:'toggle'},350);
$("#Sidebar, #Sidebar ul li").animate({height:'toggle'},250);
$(".content1").toggleClass("fullwidth");
return false;
});
});
add this class
.fullwidth {
width: 95%;
left: 0;
margin-left: 0;
}
add these to .content1 so the div starts with 10% on the left and allow the animation(transition)
.content1{
left: 10%;
-webkit-transition: left 0.2s ease-in, width 0.2s ease-in;
transition: left 0.2s ease-in, width 0.2s ease-in;
}
EDIT: if you want it only with jquery Demo
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#CharaCircle a").click(function () {
$("#Header").animate({
width: 'toggle'
}, 350).toggleClass("hidden");
$("#Sidebar, #Sidebar ul li").animate({
height: 'toggle'
}, 250);
var properties;
var $content = $(".content1");
//build your set of properties width and marginleft
//are the ones you need to change
if ($("#Header").hasClass("hidden")) {
properties = {
width: "100%",
marginLeft: "0"
};
} else {
properties = {
width: "62%",
marginLeft: "19.4%"
};
}
$content.animate(properties, 250);
return false;
});
});

How to correctly wait until JavaScript applies inline Css

I have this jsFiddle. When the button is clicked, I want to put the red div behind the black one immediately, then start the animation.
var red = document.getElementById("red");
var button = document.getElementById("button");
button.addEventListener("click",function () {
red.style.zIndex = -1;
red.classList.remove("shifted");
});
However, as you can see, they seem to be occurring as two separate actions. I know I can use setTimeout to wait until the zIndex property is applied, but I do not know how long I am supposed to wait, and the duration perhaps differs from browsers to computers.
Should I create a loop that will check if zindex was applied? But this also sounds like an unintelligent solution. What is the correct way?
EDIT: I do not want to change the zIndex on the black div.

You can bind to the transitioned state of the element, something like this:
("#mySelector").bind("transitionend", function(){ 'yourcodehere' });
Also, here is some info on it:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Using_CSS_transitions
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Reference/Events/transitionend
Without jQuery:
el.addEventListener("transitionend", updateTransition, true);
Edit:
There was some confusion as to the usage of:
-webkit-transition-duration: 1s;
This is applied like a styling as well. So anytime you make alterations to the element it is on, you are triggering this. You have TWO transition calls, one for setting the z-index, another for the movement.

Just put a
-webkit-transition-property: -webkit-transform;
into the #red and everything is fine. ;) This applies the transition only to specified property.
JSFIDDLE: http://jsfiddle.net/Qvh7G/.

The problem is with zIndex - the transform time delays the change in the zIndex.
You can simply force the duration for the transform property.
Replace:
-webkit-transition-duration: 1s;
With
-webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 1s; // ease-in;

Why does the transition not work?

I got a Section named "login" and a Section named "register".
When the opacity of them changes, I want to have a linear transition that take 0.3 seconds.
CSS:
#login{
opacity: 0;
transition:opacity 0.3s linear;}
#register{
opacity: 0;
display: none;
transition:opacity 0.3s linear;}
When you go on the Homepage HERE and click on "Query",
the opacity of #login changes to 1. That works fine with the transition!
When you click "oder registriere dich neu" below the Login-Form,
the Login-Section gets opacity: 0 again - then get display: none.
That also works perfect with a transition.
BUT than the REGISTER-Section is put to display: block and then opacity: 1 (after a setTimeout of 500 Milli-seconds.)
This don't have a transition! why?
When i click "Hast du schon einen Account?" again (to get back to the login),
the register Block will fade out with a transition perfecty again, and the login-form comes up without a transition again?
Here's the Javascript code for setting the opacities:
function changeSection(IDOut, IDIn)
{
var IDOut = "#" + IDOut;
var IDIn = "#" + IDIn;
hideSection(IDOut);
showSection(IDIn);
}
function hideSection(IDOut)
{
$(IDOut).css({opacity: "0"});
setTimeout(function(){
$(IDOut).css({display: "none"});
},500);
}
function showSection(IDIn)
{
setTimeout(function(){
$(IDIn).css({display: "block"});
$(IDIn).css({opacity: "1"});
},500);
}
IDOut is the Section, I want to Fade out (witch works perfect for login and register).
IDIn is the Section, I want to Fade in (witch DON'T WOKR for login and register)!
Why does the transition not work for IDIn?
Any Ideas?

You are using jQuery, you can do this alot simpler and let the jQuery handle it for you.
instead of your code for showSection and hideSection, use:
$('#yourselector').fadeIn(300);
to fade an element in with a time of 300 miliseconds, and:
$('#yourselector').fadeOut(300);
to hide it.

The transition does not work according to your code.
The IDIn originally has the display property as none and opacity as 0.
According to the function showSection, you first wait for 500ms, and then set the display and opacity property simultaneously to what you want. Concurrency is the problem, because display and opacity are changed in one animation frame at the same time, but the browser has to choose one property to transit. And it choose display.
More technically, transition only works on elements that are visible and have dimension. The width and height must not be zero. So display:none; cancels out your transition.
So the solution is easy, just put display outside of your setTimeout. Make display changed first.
The benefit over native jQuery method fadeIn is that it utilizes css transition, which is more efficient than jQuery's underlying animation.
function showSection(IDIn)
{
$(IDIn).css({display: "block"});
setTimeout(function(){
$(IDIn).css({opacity: "1"});
},500);
}