I'm looking for an efficient way to take a JavaScript string and return all of the scripts which occur in that string.
Full UTF-16 including the "astral" plane / non-BMP characters which require surrogate pairs must be correctly handled. This is possibly the main problem since JavaScript is not UTF-16 aware.
It only has to deal with codepoints so no fancy awareness of complex scripts or grapheme clusters is necessary. (This will be obvious to some of you anyway.)
Example:
stringToIso15924("παν語");
would return something like:
[ "Grek", "Hani" ]
I'm using node.js and some Unicode libraries such as XRegExp and unorm already so I don't mind adding other libraries that might already handle or ease such a feature.
I'm not aware of a JavaScript library that can look up character properties such as script codes, so this is probably the second part of the problem.
The third part of the problem is just to avoid inefficiencies.
I answered a similar question, well at least related. In this pastebin you will a (looooong) function that returns the script name for a character. It should be easy to modifiy it to accommodate a string.
Related
I want to get the right video snippet title that doesn't include special characters.
I am using the API:
https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/search,
with the part snippet.
Currently, I am getting the snippet.title below:
I'M GONNA CARRY HER!!! Fortnite With Karina!
I expected this title instead:
I'm gonna carry her!!! Fortnite With Karina!
First, please acknowledge that what you've got from the API are not (quote from you) special characters.
To be technically precise, those sequence of characters are HTML character references, also known as HTML entities.
The behavior you've encountered is a well-known issue of the API, for which there's no other solution that I know of, except that you yourself have to substitute those HTML entities for the actual characters that they stand for.
Now, I recommend against an ad hoc solution; that is I do recommend you to employ well-written well-tested well-known libraries that derive their non-trivial solution from carefully implemented code conforming to the current HTML standard.
In my opinion, Mathias Bynens' library is evidently a tool that meets each of the criteria I mentioned above:
he
he (for “HTML entities”) is a robust HTML entity encoder/decoder written in JavaScript. It supports all standardized named character references as per HTML, handles ambiguous ampersands and other edge cases just like a browser would, has an extensive test suite, and — contrary to many other JavaScript solutions — he handles astral Unicode symbols just fine. An online demo is available.
I'm using escape-goat as it operates as either a standalone function or as a tagged template literal, depending on your use case:
const {htmlUnescape} = require('escape-goat');
htmlUnescape("I'M GONNA CARRY HER!!! Fortnite With Karina!");
//=> 'I'm gonna carry her!!! Fortnite With Karina!'
htmlUnescape`Title: ${"I'M GONNA CARRY HER!!! Fortnite With Karina!"}`;
//=> 'Title: I'm gonna carry her!!! Fortnite With Karina!'
When dealing with html encode/decode, always be wary of potential XSS exploitation.
If you want to use raw JS and not import a library, I saw something in my travels that works for the simple use case you presented. It basically is stripping out the separators to get at the integer that represents a Unicode-16 character. fromCharCode looks up that integer and returns the character that matches the integer you give it.
const unescape = (str) => {
return str.replace(/&#(\d+);/g, (match, dec) => String.fromCharCode(dec))
}
As Matt Hosch mentioned in his answer, you'd want to sanitize any data you receive to prevent an XSS.
Is there any standard on how to write Unicode characters in JavaScript/JSON?
For instance, is there any difference between \u011b and \u011B? Most of the web examples use second format. Also, there is an option for ASCII characters to be written in a short format like \xe1. Which format is preferable (standard). Is it good practice to mix these formats together and what about performance?
For the first question: both version are valid. It is more a coding convention, you should prefer what convention is already used in your files/project. Then check on your community (convention used by other programs you heavily use, what they prefer, and as last option you can choose one way. But in any case, keep consistent.
Personally I prefer none of them for code: UTF-8 is so wide used and browsers should understand it, so I would put directly the right character (as character, not as escape sequence). If codepoint is important, I would add it into a comment. it is expected that all developers and tools will have UTF-8 editors.
Javascript uses UCS-2, so the precursor of UTF-16, but considering unicode code points to be just 16bit length (so some emoji would use two characters).
The byte format should not be used for text: it hides the meaning. There are exceptions: e.g. to check which encoding you get from user, or if you have BOM. [But so just for signatures]. For other binary cases, it is ok to use \x1e escapes, e.g. for key identification.
Note: you should really follow one coding guidelines. Google for it and you will find many, e.g. this from Google (which is maybe too much): https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html
I'm trying to identify the difference between encodeForHTMLAttribute and encodeForJavaScript. Still, I couldn't find a scenario where untrusted data is used as javascript data values, which broke the code when escaped with encodeForHTMLAttribute, but works securely after escaped using encodeForJavaScript.
I know that for all javascript, its recommended to use encodeForJavaScript. But I like to see the difference.
The answer to your question is boring: The fact is that passing an HTML Entity encoded string to JavaScript is largely an unspecified operation.* JavaScript expects data passed to it to be escaped for JavaScript, with the exception of some API methods, it has no idea what you're sending it.
HTML and JavaScript are different languages. If you'll note, they both have different reserved characters--some the same, meaning they each have reserved characters that make up the language that have to be treated specially when using them in that language.
The correct way to ensure that javascript will always treat incoming code as data, is to escape for JavaScript. Passing it an HTMLEntity encoded String, might work, but we have to say might because that behavior is unspecified. One reason that the question I linked at the beginning partially answers your question is that it is common for JavaScript frameworks to DO that kind of processing on your input... so you better be sure that if that happens, the data is appropriately escaped for JavaScript. Otherwise it will unwrap your HTMLEntity encoding, render and execute script code.
I saved the damning part for last: You can write legal JavaScript with only six characters. And none of these characters are commonly escaped by HTML encoders. Here's an entire guide on using JavaScript escaping like this to evade XSS filters. And for proof that it works, look here.
Or run it yourself in an HTML file on your computer:
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However, if you escape what's between the <script> tags for Javascript... it will be treated purely as data and will not be executed.
*Except for those JavaScript functions that are designed to take HTML-encoded strings as input.
I am using GWT and an external service that returns a JSON response that contains special characters as ASCII html, for ex. the apostrophe is ' I need to properly unescape the response string so that the characters will be properly displayed.
So far, the only solution I found is:
String unescaped = new HTML(text).getText();
but it seems a little weird.
Is there another way, that doesn't include for example creation of widgets (html)?
That's really the most straight-forward way.
Yes, you're creating a temporary div, but there's nothing "weird" in that, not in a web framework like GWT at least.
Of course, you can always use some external library, like Apache Commons' StringEscapeUtils; or implement your own method to do it (though that'd be reinventing the wheel); or any of the other solutions found in a very similar question posted 5 years ago (of which yours is a clear duplicate and I should be flagging it as such, but whatever).
there is a way to use patterns like "\p{L}" in javascript, natively?
(i suppose that is a perl-compatible syntax)
I'm interested firstly in firefox support, and webkit, possibly
No, \p{..} is not supported natively by any of the big browsers. However, it does work in JavaScript if you use the XRegExp library and it's Unicode plugins.
Unfortunately, no. You can only specify a set of characters in the usual syntax, writing characters and ranges in brackets, but this becomes awkward since e.g. letters are scattered all around the Unicode space, with other characters between them.
There’s an inefficient workaround: fetch the UnicodeData.txt file from the Unicode site, put its content inside your JavaScript code as data, and parse it. And then you could have the data e.g. in an array of objects containing the Unicode properties, such as gc (General Category), which tells you whether the character is a letter or not. But even then, you would just have the data handy for simple testing, not as something you can use as a constituent of a regexp.
In theory, you could use the data to construct a regexp... but it would be rather large.
No, Javascript has slightly different syntax. To catch unicode you have to use character selector like \uXXXX. However, on practice if your page and files in UTF-8, setting non-ASCII characters in range [абвг] does work too.
http://www.javascriptkit.com/jsref/regexp.shtml
The library found here:
http://inimino.org/~inimino/blog/javascript_cset
seems to work for me and is fairly small and independent of other libraries.