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Javascript 3d-like carousel for complex content

I have been spending about 7 hours today, trying to:
a) Create my own carousel using intensive javascript and CSS3 features (see this pastebin)
b) Setup and integrate the Roundabout plugin from FredHQ
c) Setup and integrate the Cloud Carousel plugin from Professor Cloud
Both third party solutions were tried because i failed in accomplishing what i wanted by myself. Unfortunately, both solutions do not work the way i would require them to. Both are amazing for displaying images, but i need to show more complex content, a heavily styled DIV with multiple encapsulated DIVs inside, PNGs with transparency, and so forth.
FredHQ's version did not work as it did not scale the content inside my DIVs. Not even the text was scaled, until i removed the font-size parameter, but that is something i need for a proper layout. Cloud's version works with images only.
I have hit a wall and i cannot seem to find any other solution. It seems the word "carousel" is used for slideshows and sliders, so i find hundreds of such solutions, but not one that works like i need it to.
What i need is decreasing opacity on further objects, while the center one is at full opacity. Also further objects should be scaled down by certain scale factors. It does not have to be 3D (not desired, even), but due to the scaling it would look 3d-like.
It does not have to be jQuery, although its probably a good idea if it is.
Does anybody know or can anyone point me to a proper solution?

Have you looked at monete(git), http://www.jacklmoore.com/monte? 184 line. Not sure you'll find something easier to dig into and make it work your way. Hundreds of solutions? So I'll take it you looked at the cycle plugin as well. That's probably one of the most mature and robust ones out there. You're asking for a lot in your question and these kind of question just wear people out after a while. That's all.
You probably won't find anything that fits your needs EXACTLY and you'll have to roll it yourself or hire someone. If you get something going and come back for specific help, you'll fair much better.

Intelligent resizing background

Excuse me for this, probably spoony, question. But when skinning controls/elements I'm usually using the following concept (I don't know the correct name, but I first saw it when creating custom WinXP themes). The basic idea is to set up a sort of margins in the image that restrict resizing, only the inner parts are allowed to stretch.
http://img42.imageshack.us/img42/6188/image7rq.jpg
When using this method in my regular programming work life is easy, I just BitBlt the four corner and then StretchBlt the remaining parts into place. However I'm no expert on HTML and I cannot find anything on the internet about it. It's kinda difficult to search when you don't exactly know the name of the concept...
a) How is this method called?
b) Does anyone know how to do this using HTML, CSS, Javascript, etc.? Preferably I would like the background of a DIV element to be themed like this. It's the intention to not spend the rest of this day slicing images in Photoshop ok, that makes me feel so utterly miserable..

There's several ways to approach this. If you are allowed to target newer browsers and allow old browsers to degrade to square corners and non-gradient backgrounds, check out the new CSS 3 features.
If, however, you need to be able to support old browsers, you're going to have to fire up Photoshop, create some background images, and nest some html elements. If your background only has to scale in one direction (verically or horizontally) check out the sliding door technique.

Wouldn't be easier to use css instead? Check thishttp://jonraasch.com/blog/css-rounded-corners-in-all-browsers or do a search for 'css rounded box' or 'css rounded corners'

Rounded corners in IE 7+ with/without JavaScript?

To create rounded corners on my container elements I use this CSS:
border-radius:12px; -moz-border-radius: 12px; -webkit-border-radius: 12px;
However, IE does not appear to recognize and interpret the border-radius property (at least version 7-8, apparently its slated for version 9).
Is there a workaround for this that's doable entirely in CSS (no script, no extra markup)?
For JavaScript/jQuery solutions: I'd use a solution based on these if I could include a single script that would read my CSS, interpret the border-radius properties (including border-top-left-radius, border-top-right-radius), and apply the corners accordingly. Does this exist?

As far as I know for IE<9 there is no way to do this in pure CSS.
It has been documented that IE9 has border radius support.
There are Javascript workarounds available, but as you said you don't want to implement them, you're a bit stuck.
Unless you want to use images, this works well if you have static size elements, but doesn't work if they change size.
Other than that, I am not aware of any pure CSS solution without a lot of hacky markup.
Update:
I already linked to a resource that can do this for you, the CurvyCorners jQuery will detect the use of -webkit-border-radius and moz-border-radius on DOM elements and duplicate the effect in IE using a series of small DIVs with no images. You can also tell it to apply the effect to specific elements.
Update #2:
After Spudley's suggestion of checking out CSS3Pie, I would very much suggest this as the way to go as it uses the CSS property behaviour which only applies to IE, so it won't screw with the rest of the browsers, also this means no hacky markup added to your page (Curvy Corners adds many small divs) and no use of images.
Hope it helps :)

You ask for a way to do it without scripting and without any extra markup. This simply isn't possible. The feature is missing from IE7/8, and the only way to get IE to do it is by simulating the feature either with scripting or markup.
The best options are ones which only affect IE and are invisible to other browsers. This means that CSS3Pie stands head and shoulders above all the other options, because the technique it uses is only supported by IE. It also allows you to specify your border radius in CSS in the same way as for other browsers, making it more consistent.
Personally, I'd go for this solution every time. It's by far the cleanest solution you'll find for IE. Forget about any jQuery or pure javascript solutions; they almost all have issues of one sort or another, and as for markup options that involve corner graphics; just don't even think about it!
The real benefit that CSS3Pie has over other common solutions is that it uses a vector-graphics based solution, rather than pasting loads of divs into your document as CurvyCorners and others do. This means that the rounded corners CSS3Pie generates are smoothly drawn and works properly with background graphics on both the element itself and those behind it. Most other solutions have serious issues in these areas.
I don't know why you'd object to using scripting - especially HTC-based ones like this which don't get in the way of the other scripts. The absolute worst case is that a user has scripting turned off. And in that case, all they get is square corners; it's not the end of the world.

you can use .htc for border radius. link1 for htc files link2 for htc files
I suggest to have a look at this site. CSS3 Please

The scripting / jQuery solution you are talking about does exist, take a look at jQuery Curvy Corners.

Fixing CSS positioning and scaling

I was contemplating writing a UI toolkit where setting the position and size of an element/widget was intuitive and powerful. Here are some examples of how it would be used (not currently implemented):
ui("Panel").size(". 40").pos("0 0").attach(element);
ui("Textarea").size(". %-10").pos("0 40").attach(element);
ui("Panel").size(". 10").pos("0 bottom+5");
Where . means auto, % means 100% and the possibility to add pixels to percentages.
Does anything like said exist (even as a jQuery plugin or something)? Somethings just aren't possible with pure CSS.

If you want to create it in Javascript you will have to make the script read the ui code then convert to css. This would cause too much overhead and wouldn't really be worth the hassle. It would be nice to have a quicker more intuitive way to create styles but unfortunately without paying in efficiency it wont work too well.

I would be very wary before lunching into this. This would give any devloper joining your project a major headache of needing to learn your new layout mechanisims.
I have yet to see what CSS can not do, so you may want to look into what it can do further before going ahead look at the various examples from http://www.csszengarden.com/ . I'm not saying CSS is easy but it is standard.
If you need more power look at CSS3 the majority of which can be achived using jQuery.
Sorry to say but I think you are heading down the wrong road by building your own. Use standard, tested, well knowen and documented way. Don't reinvent the wheel unless you are in the wheel making business.

What's the best way to apply a drop shadow?

What is the best method for applying drop shadows? I'm working on a site right now where we have a good deal of them, however, I've been fighting to find the best method to do it. The site is pretty animation heavy so shadows need to work well with this.
I tried a jQuery shadow pulgin. The shadows looked good and were easy to use but were slow and didn't work well with any animations (required lots of redrawing, very joggy).
I also tried creating my own jQuery extension that wraps my element in a couple gray divs and then offsets them a little bit to give a shadow effect. This worked well. It's quick and responsive to the animation. However, it makes DOM manipulation/traversal cumbersome since everything is wrapped in these shadow divs.
I know there has to be a better way but this isn't exactly my forte. Thoughts?

ShadedBorder is a good looking and easy to use Shadow-Library. check it out

You don't need to wrap those shadow-divs around the other content, just set them a little askew and place them on a lower z-index !-)

if your main problem is to navigate the DOM, just add a class and/or id to your element, and refer it with JQuery selectors. even better if you store the ref in a variable, so you don't need to select it too frequently

Although it is yet to have full cross-browser support, you might like to try using the CSS 3 text-shadow property.

It largely depends on how frequently your images will need to be changing, and the colored areas that they'll be covering. Because I'm guessing that you'll be needing to pay attention to IE6 compliance, most alpha-PNG solutions will cause such horrible jittery-ness that you'll spend more time in performance optimzation than you would have wanted to guess.
To solve this in the past, since our images are modified less than once a month, we call the images through a caching-PHP script which automatically applies the shadow using a pre-defined background color so we don't have to rely on any transparency. This results in faster downloads (fewer HTTP requests) and a faster-interface because there's less Javascript/CSS magic in the works.
I understand that this is a very old-school solution, and the above solutions would be entirely acceptable if your images were static, but being cross-browser compliant and animated will likely force you to do a solution of this style.