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Just adding js script to typo3

I have the following problem.
I have a typo3 page without any template I made by myself, but it gets in some way the style and the behavior of the other pages (I mean navigation, footer and so on). Now I have written some HTML inside the page by creating an HTML element.
In this HTML element, I included some js-code, which uses jQuery. The problem is, that the page loads the jquery at the footer and my scripts are loading before (in the HTML element). So my script does not recognize jQuery. How can I add my scripts at the whole end of the page? I know, that it has something to do with templates, but when I create a new template for the page, the whole content disappears.
Would be nice to get any help.
Cheers,
Andrej

It is usually good practice to read all your JS from a single file placed in the footer of the page. Add this to the setup section of your page template:
page.includeJSFooter.scripts = fileadmin/js/scripts.js
Then remove the JS from the HTML template and put into this file. This file could hold all your custom JS and possibly even all the libraries you use on the page (if you are not loading them from a CDN).
Bonus: the JS doesn't have to be re-loaded on every page view but can be read from cache.
For reference: https://docs.typo3.org/typo3cms/TyposcriptReference/Setup/Page/Index.html#includejsfooter-array

I hope by template you mean a template record where you store your TypoScript? Otherwise this answer is not what you are looking for. :)
You can just add an extension template on your page that only adds to the rest of the TypoScript but does not override anything. To do so, go to the template module, choose "info/modify" in the dropdown at the top and use this button
Explanation: an extension template has the checkboxes for clearing the constants and the setup not checked and will not mess with the rest of your site's TypoScript:

How to get javascript in main page to append to elements in ajax loaded div using jquery?

I'm using the jquery load function to switch out a div. Whenever I load a certain element via ajax that needs javascript to run -it won't work in the div. I know that this is because the element didn't exist in the dom on the initial page load.
I've googled for days and haven't found an answer that can give me an easy to understand explanation. Essentiallly, I'm told to just use .on or $getScript.
However, this doesn't seem to be the appropriate answer.
Since, each element loaded in the div has similar properties -I simply want to load the jquery library, and the same two external scripts in my index page's head section -and then make sure that those scripts stay "live" or append to the simple html content that is being externally loaded in the div via ajax.
So, for example, if page 1 has a div named bouncingcats, and page 2 has a div named bouncingdogs -that both require an external javascript named 'bounce' -I want to load the javascript file 'bounce' ONE TIME in the head section of my index page -and then dynamically swap out the div named bouncinganimals on my index page with either cats or dogs.
So far, it seems as if the only advice I'm getting is to just put the jquery library AND the bounce.js file at the end of page 1 and at the end of page 2. This, of course works -but it seems too redundant and of course slows down the ajax load.
Do you know of a way in which I could just load the jquery library and the external javascript page in my index page head once, and have them run when I load content via ajax into my div?
An issue that I have is that I didn't write the script bounce.js myself -and it is already minimized -so changing the script could prove to be extremely difficult. Is there something I can just wrap around the external javascript links themselves?

Ajax load javascript and css with content

I am using jquery ajax to load content from one page into a div on the current one, similar to the way gmail switches between inbox, trash, etc. I am using jQuery's load method
$("#divGlobal").load("newPage.html #container");
to load the content I need into my div.
newpage.html #container also has associated javascript & css files associated with it. Right now I am loading them by appending the necessary <script> and <link> tags to <head> but it does not always work. The files always load (I am watching XHR info in Firefox) but do not always seem to work correctly.
For instance, if I load page1.html & associated files (including jQuery functions for UI), everything works fine. However, if I then load page2.html and go back to page1.html, the files load but the jQuery functions are not responding.
Is there a better way of loading javascript & css files associated with the content I am loading?

Reloading the same javascript that you have previously loaded may not do what you want because all the variables and functions are already defined from the previous load and some state may already be in place from the previous load. Loading it again into the same page doesn't start from scratch which is probably what you want.
If you control the pages you're loading, then you can write the javascript in a way that will work by just having the scripts in the content load specifically designed so that they set the state exactly how you want it and clean up any previously loaded state, but you would have to write them that way in order to work that way. This would include resetting any DOM modifications, event handlers, global variables, etc... that the first invocation of the script may have modified.

How to use Ajax to bring a page into my site then wait until it is fully loaded scripts and all

I have a site which pulls pages into a dynamic interface. Currently, the main page requires that any javascript the external pages will need be loaded with the main page. Most javascript the external pages have are objects that are built when the page gets pulled in, but first, which causes issues.
It's a little hard for me to explain for some reason so here's a simple walk through of process.
1.Request a page be pulled in
2.Based on a variable passed to function create a specific object which will be associated with the physical html coming from the page ( This is the external Javascript)
3.Load page into the objects frame
This flow requires that the external javascript be attached to the main page not the page being pulled in.
I want to switch steps 2 and 3, but I assume that I will need a way to know that the page and all its scripts have fully loaded before attempting to create the designated object, but I have no idea how to do that.
I am using jQuery and hope that this can be accomplished without a plugin but if it is needed then so be it.
Thanks
Update
Good questions. So the pages are local pages that we build at this point, so we know what to expect. Also the pages are loaded just into basic div structure.
Specifically the main page makes a request to get a page. That page is returned in the form of a string and is then pasted into a div element that is on the main page. The pages are more like fragments I guess. But they can range from fairly complicated and require a bit of javascript to not using any javascript at all.
And the external javascript would generally be added via a script tag and is not inline.
Due to the dynamic nature of the page we do NOT use IFRAME's, they cause issues with the movement of our modules.

If you're using an iframe then I imagine you are changing it's src attribute. To get an alert on when that iframe is done loading you should include a script on the page within the iframe:
<script>
$(window).load(function() {
alert("All Done");
});
</script>
If you are just requesting a string version of a page via AJAX and populating a div you need some extra JavaScript to detect when those dynamically loaded script files have finished downloading to the client.
I would visit this link to get you started.

A combination of Nick and Mic's solution.
In your IFRAME pages, you need a way to determine when the content is done loading, or ready, and then alert your main page:
<script>
$(function() {
parent.frameReady();
});
</script>
In your main page, you can code in the hook from your IFRAMEs:
<script>
function frameReady() {
// attach custom js to iframe here
}
</script>

Trigger an Event in javascript before objects finish to load

I was trying to write a global JavaScriptfunction which overrides any HTML object (img, iframe, links and so on) before it being loaded by the page. The purpose of the overiding action was to to change the SRC and HREF of these objects using the DOM to any other link.
Unfortunately I didn't find any solution to that without firstly loading the object and only then changing it by the onload event.
My second option was to change the SRC and HREF by matching these attributes with a regular expression and replacing the resultant values. I prefer not to do so because it's slow and consumes a lot of time.
I would be glad if someone can share with his/her experience and help me solve this out.

JavaScript only works within the DOM.
You could however, load the page via AJAX, get the content and do any string manipulation on it.

If you are trying to modify items that exist in the static HTML of the page, you cannot modify them with javascript until they are successfully loaded by the browser. There is no way to modify them before that. They may or may not be visible to the viewer before you have a chance to modify them.
To solve this issue, there are a couple of options.
Put CSS style rules in the page that causes all items that you want to modify to initially be hidden and then your javascript can modify them and then show them so they will not be seen before your modification.
Don't put the items that you want to modify in the static part of your HTML page. You can either create them programmatically with javascript and insert them into the page or you can load them via ajax, modify them after loading them via ajax and then insert them into the page.
For both of these scenarios, you will have to devise a fallback plan if javascript is not enabled.