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Create Colour Wise Multiple Lines Of Particles

I am creating particle animation using Canvas & JavaScript. Currently, particles are generating from an emitter randomly & falling in a direction (top right corner to bottom left corner). collision detection effect is also working on mouse hover.
problem is:
I want to create separate color-wise multiple lines of particles (e.g:- blue colored particles should be in separate a line & red in a separate line).
how could I achieve this?
Sorry for bad drawing, any reference will be very useful. Thank you in advance.
(function() {
var requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
};
window.requestAnimationFrame = requestAnimationFrame;
})();
var particleArr = [],
canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"),
flakeCount = 700,
mouseX = -100,
mouseY = -100,
xMultiplier = 0.015
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
var rate = 0.07788656582264941;
function getRandomColor() {
// Random Color Generate
const colorArr = ["rgba(215,88,69, 1)", "rgba(117, 161, 199, 1)"]; // Blue & Orange Color
const randomColor = colorArr[Math.floor(Math.random() * colorArr.length)];
return randomColor;
}
function flow() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < flakeCount; i++) {
var flake = particleArr[i],
x = mouseX,
y = mouseY,
minDist = 150,
x2 = flake.x,
y2 = flake.y;
var dist = Math.sqrt((x2 - x) * (x2 - x) + (y2 - y) * (y2 - y)),
dx = x2 - x,
dy = y2 - y;
if (dist < minDist) {
var force = minDist / (dist * dist),
xcomp = (x - x2) / dist,
ycomp = (y - y2) / dist,
deltaV = force / 2;
// deltaV = 0.03960597468566516
flake.velX -= deltaV * xcomp;
flake.velY -= deltaV * ycomp;
// flake.velX -= deltaV * xcomp + rate;
// flake.velY -= deltaV * ycomp + rate;
} else {
flake.velX *= .98;
if (flake.velY <= flake.speed) {
flake.velY = flake.speed
}
flake.velX += Math.cos(flake.step += .05) * flake.stepSize;
}
flake.y += flake.velY;
flake.x += flake.velX;
if (flake.y >= canvas.height || flake.y <= 0) {
reset(flake);
}
if (flake.x >= canvas.width || flake.x <= 0) {
reset(flake);
}
ctx.fillStyle = particleArr[i].color;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(flake.x, flake.y, flake.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fill();
}
requestAnimationFrame(flow);
// setTimeout(() => {
// requestAnimationFrame(flow);
// }, 1000 / 40);
};
function reset(flake) {
let temp = (Math.random() * 1) + 0.5;
flake.x = canvas.width;
flake.y = 50;
// flake.size = (Math.random() * 3) + 5;
flake.size = 6.692053245649504;
flake.speed = (Math.random() * 7) + 0.5;
flake.velY = flake.speed;
flake.velX = -xMultiplier * canvas.width * temp;
// flake.opacity = (Math.random() * 0.5) + 0.3;
}
function init() {
for (var i = 0; i < flakeCount; i++) {
var x = canvas.width,
y = 50,
size = 6.692053245649504,
speed = 0;
// size = (Math.random() * 3) + 5, // can change 3 to 4
// speed = (Math.random() * 1) + 0.5;
// opacity = (Math.random() * 0.5) + 0.3;
particleArr.push({
speed: speed,
velY: speed,
velX: -xMultiplier * canvas.width * speed,
x: x,
y: y,
size: size,
stepSize: (Math.random()) / 30,
step: 0,
angle: 360,
color: getRandomColor()
// opacity: opacity
});
}
requestAnimationFrame(flow);
// flow();
};
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", function(e) {
mouseX = e.clientX,
mouseY = e.clientY
});
window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize, false );
function onWindowResize() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
}
init();
canvas{
background-color: #000000 !important;
}
body {
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}`
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>

how to decrease speed of canvas animation?

I am creating an animation using java script & canvas. I am using a fiddle as a reference, currently object are generating randomly & falling from top right corner to bottom left corner which is okay. but the issue is speed the objects are generating & falling in high speed. I want to make animation flow little slow & smooth.
I am new canvas programming, any help will be very useful.
(function() {
var requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
};
window.requestAnimationFrame = requestAnimationFrame;
})();
var particleArr = [],
canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"),
flakeCount = 700,
mouseX = -100,
mouseY = -100,
xMultiplier = 0.015
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
function getRandomColor() {
// Random Color Generate
const colorArr = ["rgba(215,88,69, 1)", "rgba(117, 161, 199, 1)"]; // Blue & Orange Color
const randomColor = colorArr[Math.floor(Math.random() * colorArr.length)];
return randomColor;
}
function flow() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < flakeCount; i++) {
var flake = particleArr[i],
x = mouseX,
y = mouseY,
minDist = 150,
x2 = flake.x,
y2 = flake.y;
var dist = Math.sqrt((x2 - x) * (x2 - x) + (y2 - y) * (y2 - y)),
dx = x2 - x,
dy = y2 - y;
if (dist < minDist) {
var force = minDist / (dist * dist),
xcomp = (x - x2) / dist,
ycomp = (y - y2) / dist,
deltaV = force / 2;
flake.velX -= deltaV * xcomp;
flake.velY -= deltaV * ycomp;
} else {
flake.velX *= .98;
if (flake.velY <= flake.speed) {
flake.velY = flake.speed
}
flake.velX += Math.cos(flake.step += .05) * flake.stepSize;
}
ctx.fillStyle = getRandomColor();
flake.y += flake.velY;
flake.x += flake.velX;
if (flake.y >= canvas.height || flake.y <= 0) {
reset(flake);
}
if (flake.x >= canvas.width || flake.x <= 0) {
reset(flake);
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(flake.x, flake.y, flake.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fill();
}
requestAnimationFrame(flow);
};
function reset(flake) {
let temp = (Math.random() * 1) + 0.5;
flake.x = canvas.width;
flake.y = 50;
flake.size = (Math.random() * 3) + 5;
flake.speed = (Math.random() * 7) + 0.5;
flake.velY = flake.speed;
flake.velX = -xMultiplier * canvas.width * temp;
// flake.opacity = (Math.random() * 0.5) + 0.3;
}
function init() {
for (var i = 0; i < flakeCount; i++) {
var x = canvas.width,
y = 50,
size = (Math.random() * 3) + 5,
// speed = (Math.random() * 1) + 0.5;
speed = 0;
// opacity = (Math.random() * 0.5) + 0.3;
particleArr.push({
speed: speed,
velY: speed,
velX: -xMultiplier * canvas.width * speed,
x: x,
y: y,
size: size,
stepSize: (Math.random()) / 30,
step: 0,
angle: 360
// opacity: opacity
});
}
flow();
};
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", function(e) {
mouseX = e.clientX,
mouseY = e.clientY
});
window.addEventListener('resize', onWindowResize, false);
function onWindowResize() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
}
init();
canvas {
background-color: #000000 !important;
}
body {
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>

Could not work out what it was you wanted to slow down as there are several FX and interactions in the code.
I rewrote from the ground up as your code is a little old school.
Rather than play with the constants you had OI added the global variable rate (at the ver top of the source) is used to control the rate at which the animation plays, including the user interaction.
I have added two button to slow or speed up the animation.
Hope this helps :)
var rate = 1;
slower.addEventListener("click", () => rate *= 1 / 1.2);
faster.addEventListener("click", () => rate *= 1.2);
const flakes = [], flakeCount = 700, xMultiplier = 0.015;
const minDist = 150, minDistSqr = minDist * minDist;
const colors = ["#F99","#F83","#AF9","#ED9","#AC8","#FA9" ];
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
const mouse = {x: -100, y: -100};
const randPick = (arr, len = arr.length) => arr[Math.random() * len | 0];
Math.rand = (min, range) => Math.random() * range + min;
function Flake() {
this.reset();
this.stepSize = Math.random() / 30;
this.step = 0;
}
Flake.prototype = {
reset() {
this.x = canvas.width;
this.y = 50;
this.size = Math.rand(5, 3);
this.speed = Math.rand(0.5, 7);
this.velY = this.speed;
this.velX = -xMultiplier * canvas.width * Math.rand(0.5, 1);
this.col = randPick(colors);
},
draw() {
ctx.fillStyle = this.col;
const s = this.size, sh = -s / 2;
ctx.fillRect(this.x + sh, this.y + sh, s, s);
},
update(w, h) {
const f = this;
const dx = f.x - mouse.x;
const dy = f.y - mouse.y;
const distSqr = dx * dx + dy * dy;
if (distSqr < minDistSqr) {
const deltaV = 2 * minDist * rate / distSqr ** 1.5;
f.velX -= deltaV * dx;
f.velY -= deltaV * dy;
} else {
f.velX -= 0.1 * rate * f.velX;
if (f.velY <= f.speed ) { f.velY = f.speed }
f.velX += Math.cos(f.step += 0.05 * rate) * f.stepSize * rate;
}
f.y += f.velY * rate;
f.x += f.velX * rate;
if (f.y >= h || f.y <= 0 || f.x >= w || f.x <= 0) { this.reset() }
else { this.draw() }
}
};
init();
mainLoop();
function mainLoop() {
if (innerWidth !== canvas.width || innerHeight !== canvas.height) { resize() }
else { ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height) }
for (const f of flakes) { f.update(canvas.width, canvas.height) }
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop);
}
function init() {
var i = flakeCount;
while (i--) { flakes.push(new Flake()) }
}
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", e => { mouse.x = e.clientX; mouse.y = e.clientY });
function resize() { canvas.width = innerWidth; canvas.height = innerHeight }
canvas {
background-color: #000;
}
body {
margin: 0;
}
.buttons {
position: absolute;
top: 12px;
left: 12px;
color: #000;
background-color: #AAA;
}
.buttons > div {
margin: 3px;
padding: 3px;
background-color: #EEE;
cursor: pointer;
}
.buttons > div:hover {
background-color: #DEF;
}
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<div class = "buttons">
<div id="slower">Slower</div>
<div id="faster">Faster</div>
</div>

That requestAnimationFrame() function that calls flow() every frame is designed to run as fast as possible for whoever's computer it's running on. I wouldn't mess with your actual render loop.
Try messing with the flake.speed or the xMultiplier. Those are two of the main variables affecting the speed of your particles. You can see how each time through the flow() loop you're adjusting each particle's position based on their velocity properties and position. Then finally rendering the arc with ctx.arc(flake.x, flake.y, flake.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
So any variable passed to ctx.arc() affects the particle's position. And many of those variables are recalculated each time through the loop.
I'm no expert here, but maybe try fiddling with your variables.
https://codepen.io/nitwit/pen/XWXJNaJ

https://jsfiddle.net/z6r8h5de/
if the issue is there are too many flakes on the screen, turn the count down from 700.
flakeCount = 100,

Delayed transformations in JavaScript?

I'm working on a simple DHTML application, nothing strange: I have around 500 balls colliding with each other with different speeds and by clicking a button they stack based on their velocities creating a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution(but that's another talk).
Well, for switching from the first to the second case I'm changing every single x and y coordinate for every single ball, to move them and pile them in that way.
Now, my question is: is it possible to have a sort of an animation in which balls from the first chaotic case, instead of jumping into the chart-configuration in one frame(as soon as the button gets clicked), gradually stack on top of each other in a much fancier and "graphical" animation? For example with transitions or transformations, but I couldn't manage to find a way to do that... I'm quite new to programming.
By the way, here's the full code:
FULL CODE:
class Ball {
constructor(x, y, dx, dy, radius, color){
this.radius = radius;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.dx = dx;
this.dy = dy;
// mass is that of a sphere as opposed to circle
// it *does* make a difference in how realistic it looks
this.mass = this.radius * this.radius * this.radius;
this.color = color;
};
draw() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(Math.round(this.x), Math.round(this.y), this.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
// ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
};
speed() {
// magnitude of velocity vector
return Math.sqrt(this.dx * this.dx + this.dy * this.dy);
};
angle() {
// velocity's angle with the x axis
return Math.atan2(this.dy, this.dx);
};
onGround() {
return (this.y + this.radius >= canvas.height)
};
};
//FUNCTIONS
//will remove
function randomColor() {
let red = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
let green = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
let blue = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
// dim down the small balls
if (!bigBalls){
red *= 0.65
green *= 0.65
blue *= 0.65
}
let rc = "rgb(" + red + ", " + green + ", " + blue + ")";
return rc;
}
function randomX() {
let x = Math.floor(Math.random() * canvas.width);
if (x < 30) {
x = 30;
} else if (x + 30 > canvas.width) {
x = canvas.width - 30;
}
return x;
}
function randomY() {
let y = Math.floor(Math.random() * canvas.height);
if (y < 30) {
y = 30;
} else if (y + 30 > canvas.height) {
y = canvas.height - 30;
}
return y;
}
//will remove
function randomRadius() {
if (bigBalls) {
let r = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10 + 20);
return r;
} else {
let r = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 2 + 2);
//let r = 5;
return r;
}
}
//will remove
function randomDx() {
let r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 - 4);
return r;
}
//will remove
function randomDy() {
let r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 - 3);
return r;
}
function distanceNextFrame(a, b) {
return Math.sqrt((a.x + a.dx - b.x - b.dx)**2 + (a.y + a.dy - b.y - b.dy)**2) - a.radius - b.radius;
}
function distance(a, b) {
return Math.sqrt((a.x - b.x)**2 + (a.y - b.y)**2);
}
let canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
let objArray = [];
let probArray = [];
let paused = false;
let bumped = false;
let leftHeld = false;
let upHeld = false;
let rightHeld = false;
let downHeld = false;
let arrowControlSpeed = .25;
let gravityOn = false;
let clearCanv = true;
let bigBalls = false;
let lastTime = (new Date()).getTime();
let currentTime = 0;
let dt = 0;
let numStartingSmallBalls = 500;
let numStartingBigBalls = 0;
document.addEventListener("keydown", keyDownHandler);
function clearCanvas() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
function keyDownHandler(event) {
if (event.keyCode == 80) { // p
paused = !paused;
} else if (event.keyCode == 82) { // r
objArray = [];
} else if (event.keyCode == 75) { // k
clearCanv = !clearCanv;
} else if (event.keyCode == 88) { // x
bigBalls = !bigBalls;
}
}
function canvasBackground() {
canvas.style.backgroundColor = "rgb(215, 235, 240)";
}
function wallCollision(ball) {
if (ball.x - ball.radius + ball.dx < 0 ||
ball.x + ball.radius + ball.dx > canvas.width) {
ball.dx *= -1;
}
if (ball.y - ball.radius + ball.dy < 0 ||
ball.y + ball.radius + ball.dy > canvas.height) {
ball.dy *= -1;
}
if (ball.y + ball.radius > canvas.height) {
ball.y = canvas.height - ball.radius;
}
if (ball.y - ball.radius < 0) {
ball.y = ball.radius;
}
if (ball.x + ball.radius > canvas.width) {
ball.x = canvas.width - ball.radius;
}
if (ball.x - ball.radius < 0) {
ball.x = ball.radius;
}
}
function ballCollision() {
for (let i=0; i<objArray.length-1; i++) {
for (let j=i+1; j<objArray.length; j++) {
let ob1 = objArray[i]
let ob2 = objArray[j]
let dist = distance(ob1, ob2)
if (dist < ob1.radius + ob2.radius) {
let theta1 = ob1.angle();
let theta2 = ob2.angle();
let phi = Math.atan2(ob2.y - ob1.y, ob2.x - ob1.x);
let m1 = ob1.mass;
let m2 = ob2.mass;
let v1 = ob1.speed();
let v2 = ob2.speed();
let dx1F = (v1 * Math.cos(theta1 - phi) * (m1-m2) + 2*m2*v2*Math.cos(theta2 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.cos(phi) + v1*Math.sin(theta1-phi) * Math.cos(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dy1F = (v1 * Math.cos(theta1 - phi) * (m1-m2) + 2*m2*v2*Math.cos(theta2 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.sin(phi) + v1*Math.sin(theta1-phi) * Math.sin(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dx2F = (v2 * Math.cos(theta2 - phi) * (m2-m1) + 2*m1*v1*Math.cos(theta1 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.cos(phi) + v2*Math.sin(theta2-phi) * Math.cos(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dy2F = (v2 * Math.cos(theta2 - phi) * (m2-m1) + 2*m1*v1*Math.cos(theta1 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.sin(phi) + v2*Math.sin(theta2-phi) * Math.sin(phi+Math.PI/2);
ob1.dx = dx1F;
ob1.dy = dy1F;
ob2.dx = dx2F;
ob2.dy = dy2F;
/* if(ob1.speed() * 160 < 400)
ob1.color = 'lightblue';
else if(ob1.speed() * 160 > 800)
ob1.color = 'red';
else
ob1.color = 'orange';
if(ob2.speed() * 160 < 400)
ob2.color = 'lightblue';
else if(ob2.speed() * 160 > 800)
ob2.color = 'red';
else
ob2.color = 'orange';*/
staticCollision(ob1, ob2);
}
}
wallCollision(objArray[i]);
}
if (objArray.length > 0)
wallCollision(objArray[objArray.length - 1])
}
function staticCollision(ob1, ob2, emergency = false)
{
let overlap = ob1.radius + ob2.radius - distance(ob1, ob2);
let smallerObject = ob1.radius < ob2.radius ? ob1 : ob2;
let biggerObject = ob1.radius > ob2.radius ? ob1 : ob2;
// When things go normally, this line does not execute.
// "Emergency" is when staticCollision has run, but the collision
// still hasn't been resolved. Which implies that one of the objects
// is likely being jammed against a corner, so we must now move the OTHER one instead.
// in other words: this line basically swaps the "little guy" role, because
// the actual little guy can't be moved away due to being blocked by the wall.
if (emergency) [smallerObject, biggerObject] = [biggerObject, smallerObject]
let theta = Math.atan2((biggerObject.y - smallerObject.y), (biggerObject.x - smallerObject.x));
smallerObject.x -= overlap * Math.cos(theta);
smallerObject.y -= overlap * Math.sin(theta);
if (distance(ob1, ob2) < ob1.radius + ob2.radius) {
// we don't want to be stuck in an infinite emergency.
// so if we have already run one emergency round; just ignore the problem.
if (!emergency) staticCollision(ob1, ob2, true)
}
}
function moveObjects() {
for (let i=0; i<objArray.length; i++) {
let ob = objArray[i];
ob.x += ob.dx * 1;
ob.y += ob.dy * 1;
}
}
function drawObjects() {
for (let obj in objArray) {
objArray[obj].draw();
}
}
let begin = true;
let temperature;
document.getElementById("temp").oninput = function()
{
temperature = parseInt(document.getElementById("temp").value);
generateBalls(temperature);
}
function drawChart()
{
let index = 0
let cx = 10 , cy;
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++) {
cy = canvas.height - 6;
if(probArray[i] != 0) {
n = 0;
while(n < probArray[i]) {
objArray[index + n].x = cx;
objArray[index + n].y = cy;
cy -= 12;
n++;
}
index += n;
}
cx += 20;
}
chart = !chart;
}
function draw() {
/*currentTime = (new Date()).getTime();
dt = (currentTime - lastTime) / 1000; // delta time in seconds
// dirty and lazy solution
// instead of scaling down every velocity vector
// we decrease the speed of time
dt *= 20;*/
if(begin) {
generateBalls(300);
begin = false;
}
//work in progress
if(chart) {
drawChart();
}
if (clearCanv) clearCanvas();
canvasBackground();
if (!paused) {
moveObjects();
ballCollision();
}
drawObjects();
lastTime = currentTime;
window.requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}
//work in progress
function setColor(vel)
{
let red = 255, green = 255, blue = 255;
let rc;
green /= (vel * 0.001);
blue /= (vel * 0.01);
return rc = "rgb(" + red + ", " + green + ", " + blue + ")";
}
let N = 550;
let m = 2.66e-26;
let T = 5;
let dV = 50;
let k = 1.38e-23;
let v = 50;
let balls;
let angolox;
let vel;
let color;
function generateBalls(T)
{
paused = false;
v = 50;
objArray = [];
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++)
{ //each 50m/s, with dv = 50, until 2000m/s
//molecules number between v and v+50
probArray[i] = Math.floor(4 * Math.PI * N * (((m) / (2 * Math.PI * k * T))**1.5) * (v**2) * Math.exp((-m) / (2 * k * T) * (v**2)) * dV);
v += 50;
}
v = 50;
let l;
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++)
{
let n = 0;
balls = 0;
while(n < probArray[i])
{
angolox = ((Math.random() * 360) * Math.PI) / 180; //converted in radians;
vel = Math.round((Math.random() * 50) + v) / 160;
if(vel * 160 < 400)
color = 'lightblue';
else if(vel * 160 > 800)
color = 'red';
else
color = 'orange';
l = objArray.length;
objArray[objArray.length] = new Ball(randomX(), randomY(), Math.cos(angolox) * vel, Math.sin(angolox) * vel, 5, color);
balls++;
n++;
}
v += 50;
}
}
let chart = false
function drawChart_bool() {
chart = !chart;
paused = !paused;
}
draw();
body {
background-color: khaki;
text-align: center;
font-family: Ubuntu Mono;
}
#title {
color: black;
font-size: 200%;
font-style: normal;
margin: 1px;
border: 1px;
}
#balls {
margin-top: 5px;
}
#myCanvas {
margin-top: -20px;
}
section.footer {
color: black;
font-family: Ubuntu Mono;
font-style: normal;
font-size: small;
}
#disclaimer {
font-size: 74%;
color: gray;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>2d collision</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gas.css">
</head>
<body style="text-align: center">
<canvas onload="generateBalls()" id="myCanvas" width="1225%" height="500" style="border:1px solid black; margin-top: 10px;"></canvas>
<p>
<input type="range" min="50" max="2050" value="300" step="100" id="temp">
<input type="button" onclick="drawChart_bool()">
<strong>[K]</strong> to toggle clearCanvas(); <br>
<strong>[P]</strong>: pause/unpause || <strong>[R]</strong>: [RESET]
</p>
<div id="disclaimer" align="center" style="word-break: break-word; width: 350px; display:inline-block;">
<p>
Make sure to press a few buttons and play around.<br>Made with pure javascript.
</p>
</div>
</section>
</body>
<script src="gas.js"></script>
</html>
FUNCTION I USE TO DRAW CHART(objArray is an ascending ordered one, based on speeds)
function drawChart()
{
let index = 0
let cx = 10 , cy;
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++) {
cy = canvas.height - 6;
if(probArray[i] != 0) {
n = 0;
while(n < probArray[i]) {
objArray[index + n].x = cx;
objArray[index + n].y = cy;
cy -= 12;
n++;
}
index += n;
}
cx += 20;
}
chart = !chart;
}
FUNCTION I USE TO GENERATE BALLS:
function generateBalls(T)
{
paused = false;
v = 50;
objArray = [];
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++)
{ //each 50m/s, with dv = 50, until 2000m/s
//molecules number between v and v+50
probArray[i] = Math.floor(4 * Math.PI * N * (((m) / (2 * Math.PI * k * T))**1.5) * (v**2) * Math.exp((-m) / (2 * k * T) * (v**2)) * dV);
v += 50;
}
v = 50;
let l;
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++)
{
let n = 0;
balls = 0;
while(n < probArray[i])
{
angolox = ((Math.random() * 360) * Math.PI) / 180; //converted in radians;
vel = Math.round((Math.random() * 50) + v) / 160;
if(vel * 160 < 400)
color = 'lightblue';
else if(vel * 160 > 800)
color = 'red';
else
color = 'orange';
l = objArray.length;
objArray[objArray.length] = new Ball(randomX(), randomY(), Math.cos(angolox) * vel, Math.sin(angolox) * vel, 5, color);
balls++;
n++;
}
v += 50;
}
}
Heartfelt thanks in advance for any answer,
Greg.🙏

How do I simulate a gas behavior in JavaScript?

I'm still currently at high-school, and my self-taught programming knowledge isn't that accurate at all.
By the way, I worked on many projects(I code in C, C++, Python, HTML, JavaScript) and the one I'm currently working on has been giving me a hard time: a simulator for a gas sample's behavior(following Maxwell-Boltzmann's law of distribution for speeds).
M-B distribution is a kinda hard and advanced physics argument especially for my high-school standards, but I still managed to understand its functioning and found out the equation that gives the number of molecules with a velocity between v and v+dv:M-B equationhere.
Now, programming JS part takes place, and in the following snippet I inserted the
balls constructor part, the draw() core function and the part where I spawn balls(100, just as a test, since they should be around 1000) according to M-B equation; now, I think everything should be fine, but spawned balls behave very strangely changing direction whenever they want to, and sometimes getting stuck with each other instead of elastically bouncing off... could you please take a look at the "spawning" part and see if somethings wrong? Then, I also uploaded the whole HTML+JS+CSS code so you can try it, and also verify JS functions for ball-to-ball and ball-to-wall collisions and all that kind of stuff.
I would extremely appreciate it if someone could please help me... I'm confused.
Heartfelt thanks in advance for any answer,
Greg🙏.
class Ball {
constructor(x, y, dx, dy, radius){
this.radius = radius;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.dx = dx;
this.dy = dy;
// mass is that of a sphere as opposed to circle
// it *does* make a difference in how realistic it looks
this.mass = this.radius * this.radius * this.radius;
this.color = 'red';
};
draw() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(Math.round(this.x), Math.round(this.y), this.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
};
speed() {
// magnitude of velocity vector
return Math.sqrt(this.dx * this.dx + this.dy * this.dy);
};
angle() {
// velocity's angle with the x axis
return Math.atan2(this.dy, this.dx);
};
onGround() {
return (this.y + this.radius >= canvas.height)
};
};
function draw() {
currentTime = (new Date()).getTime();
dt = (currentTime - lastTime) / 1000; // delta time in seconds
// dirty and lazy solution
// instead of scaling down every velocity vector
// we decrease the speed of time
dt *= 0.1;
if (clearCanv) clearCanvas();
canvasBackground();
if (!paused) {
moveObjects();
ballCollision();
}
drawObjects();
//logger();
lastTime = currentTime;
window.requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}
let N = 500;
let m = 2.66e-26;
let T = 300;
let dV = 50;
let k = 1.38e-23;
let v = 50;
let balls = 0;
let anglex;
for(let i = 0; i < 29; i++) { //each 50m/s, with dv = 50, until 1500m/s,
probArray[i] = Math.floor(4 * Math.PI * N * (((m) / (2 * Math.PI * k * T))**1.5) * (v**2) * Math.exp((-m) / (2 * k * T) * (v**2)) * dV);//molecules num between v e v+50
v += 50;
}
v = 50;
for(let i = 0; i < 29; i++){
let n = 0;
while(n < probArray[i] && balls < 100) {
anglex = ((Math.random() * 360) * Math.PI) / 180; //converted in radians;
vel = Math.round((Math.random() * 50) + v);
objArray[objArray.length] = new Ball(randomX(), randomY(), Math.cos(anglex) * vel, Math.sin(anglex) * vel, 3);
n++;
balls++;
}
v += 50;
}
class Ball {
constructor(x, y, dx, dy, radius){
this.radius = radius;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.dx = dx;
this.dy = dy;
// mass is that of a sphere as opposed to circle
// it *does* make a difference in how realistic it looks
this.mass = this.radius * this.radius * this.radius;
this.color = 'red';
};
draw() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(Math.round(this.x), Math.round(this.y), this.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();
};
speed() {
// magnitude of velocity vector
return Math.sqrt(this.dx * this.dx + this.dy * this.dy);
};
angle() {
// velocity's angle with the x axis
return Math.atan2(this.dy, this.dx);
};
onGround() {
return (this.y + this.radius >= canvas.height)
};
};
//FUNCTIONS
//will remove
function randomColor() {
let red = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
let green = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
let blue = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) * 127;
// dim down the small balls
if (!bigBalls){
red *= 0.65
green *= 0.65
blue *= 0.65
}
let rc = "rgb(" + red + ", " + green + ", " + blue + ")";
return rc;
}
function randomX() {
let x = Math.floor(Math.random() * canvas.width);
if (x < 30) {
x = 30;
} else if (x + 30 > canvas.width) {
x = canvas.width - 30;
}
return x;
}
function randomY() {
let y = Math.floor(Math.random() * canvas.height);
if (y < 30) {
y = 30;
} else if (y + 30 > canvas.height) {
y = canvas.height - 30;
}
return y;
}
//will remove
function randomRadius() {
if (bigBalls) {
let r = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10 + 20);
return r;
} else {
let r = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 2 + 2);
//let r = 5;
return r;
}
}
//will remove
function randomDx() {
let r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 - 4);
return r;
}
//will remove
function randomDy() {
let r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 - 3);
return r;
}
function distanceNextFrame(a, b) {
return Math.sqrt((a.x + a.dx - b.x - b.dx)**2 + (a.y + a.dy - b.y - b.dy)**2) - a.radius - b.radius;
}
function distance(a, b) {
return Math.sqrt((a.x - b.x)**2 + (a.y - b.y)**2);
}
let canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
let objArray = [];
let probArray = [];
let paused = false;
let bumped = false;
let leftHeld = false;
let upHeld = false;
let rightHeld = false;
let downHeld = false;
let arrowControlSpeed = .25;
let gravityOn = false;
let clearCanv = true;
let bigBalls = false;
let lastTime = (new Date()).getTime();
let currentTime = 0;
let dt = 0;
let numStartingSmallBalls = 500;
let numStartingBigBalls = 0;
document.addEventListener("keydown", keyDownHandler);
function clearCanvas() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
function keyDownHandler(event) {
if (event.keyCode == 80) { // p
paused = !paused;
} else if (event.keyCode == 82) { // r
objArray = [];
} else if (event.keyCode == 75) { // k
clearCanv = !clearCanv;
} else if (event.keyCode == 88) { // x
bigBalls = !bigBalls;
}
}
function canvasBackground() {
canvas.style.backgroundColor = "rgb(215, 235, 240)";
}
function wallCollision(ball) {
if (ball.x - ball.radius + ball.dx < 0 ||
ball.x + ball.radius + ball.dx > canvas.width) {
ball.dx *= -1;
}
if (ball.y - ball.radius + ball.dy < 0 ||
ball.y + ball.radius + ball.dy > canvas.height) {
ball.dy *= -1;
}
if (ball.y + ball.radius > canvas.height) {
ball.y = canvas.height - ball.radius;
}
if (ball.y - ball.radius < 0) {
ball.y = ball.radius;
}
if (ball.x + ball.radius > canvas.width) {
ball.x = canvas.width - ball.radius;
}
if (ball.x - ball.radius < 0) {
ball.x = ball.radius;
}
}
function ballCollision() {
for (let i=0; i<objArray.length-1; i++) {
for (let j=i+1; j<objArray.length; j++) {
let ob1 = objArray[i]
let ob2 = objArray[j]
let dist = distance(ob1, ob2)
if (dist < ob1.radius + ob2.radius) {
let theta1 = ob1.angle();
let theta2 = ob2.angle();
let phi = Math.atan2(ob2.y - ob1.y, ob2.x - ob1.x);
let m1 = ob1.mass;
let m2 = ob2.mass;
let v1 = ob1.speed();
let v2 = ob2.speed();
let dx1F = (v1 * Math.cos(theta1 - phi) * (m1-m2) + 2*m2*v2*Math.cos(theta2 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.cos(phi) + v1*Math.sin(theta1-phi) * Math.cos(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dy1F = (v1 * Math.cos(theta1 - phi) * (m1-m2) + 2*m2*v2*Math.cos(theta2 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.sin(phi) + v1*Math.sin(theta1-phi) * Math.sin(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dx2F = (v2 * Math.cos(theta2 - phi) * (m2-m1) + 2*m1*v1*Math.cos(theta1 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.cos(phi) + v2*Math.sin(theta2-phi) * Math.cos(phi+Math.PI/2);
let dy2F = (v2 * Math.cos(theta2 - phi) * (m2-m1) + 2*m1*v1*Math.cos(theta1 - phi)) / (m1+m2) * Math.sin(phi) + v2*Math.sin(theta2-phi) * Math.sin(phi+Math.PI/2);
ob1.dx = dx1F;
ob1.dy = dy1F;
ob2.dx = dx2F;
ob2.dy = dy2F;
staticCollision(ob1, ob2)
}
}
wallCollision(objArray[i]);
}
if (objArray.length > 0)
wallCollision(objArray[objArray.length - 1])
}
function staticCollision(ob1, ob2, emergency = false)
{
let overlap = ob1.radius + ob2.radius - distance(ob1, ob2);
let smallerObject = ob1.radius < ob2.radius ? ob1 : ob2;
let biggerObject = ob1.radius > ob2.radius ? ob1 : ob2;
// When things go normally, this line does not execute.
// "Emergency" is when staticCollision has run, but the collision
// still hasn't been resolved. Which implies that one of the objects
// is likely being jammed against a corner, so we must now move the OTHER one instead.
// in other words: this line basically swaps the "little guy" role, because
// the actual little guy can't be moved away due to being blocked by the wall.
if (emergency) [smallerObject, biggerObject] = [biggerObject, smallerObject]
let theta = Math.atan2((biggerObject.y - smallerObject.y), (biggerObject.x - smallerObject.x));
smallerObject.x -= overlap * Math.cos(theta);
smallerObject.y -= overlap * Math.sin(theta);
if (distance(ob1, ob2) < ob1.radius + ob2.radius) {
// we don't want to be stuck in an infinite emergency.
// so if we have already run one emergency round; just ignore the problem.
if (!emergency) staticCollision(ob1, ob2, true)
}
}
function moveObjects() {
for (let i=0; i<objArray.length; i++) {
let ob = objArray[i];
ob.x += ob.dx * dt;
ob.y += ob.dy * dt;
}
}
function drawObjects() {
for (let obj in objArray) {
objArray[obj].draw();
}
}
function draw() {
currentTime = (new Date()).getTime();
dt = (currentTime - lastTime) / 1000; // delta time in seconds
// dirty and lazy solution
// instead of scaling down every velocity vector
// we decrease the speed of time
dt *= 0.1;
if (clearCanv) clearCanvas();
canvasBackground();
if (!paused) {
moveObjects();
ballCollision();
}
drawObjects();
//logger();
lastTime = currentTime;
window.requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}
/*
for (i = 0; i<numStartingSmallBalls; i++) {
objArray[objArray.length] = new Ball(randomX(), randomY(), 3);
}*/
let N = 500;
let m = 2.66e-26;
let T = 300;
let dV = 50;
let k = 1.38e-23;
let v = 50;
let balls = 0;
let angolox;
for(let i = 0; i < 29; i++) { //ogni 50 velocità, con dv = 50, fino a 1500m/s,
probArray[i] = Math.floor(4 * Math.PI * N * (((m) / (2 * Math.PI * k * T))**1.5) * (v**2) * Math.exp((-m) / (2 * k * T) * (v**2)) * dV);//num molecole tra v e v+50
v += 50;
}
v = 50;
for(let i = 0; i < 29; i++){
let n = 0;
while(n < probArray[i] && balls < 100) {
angolox = ((Math.random() * 360) * Math.PI) / 180; //converted in radians;
vel = Math.round((Math.random() * 50) + v);
objArray[objArray.length] = new Ball(randomX(), randomY(), Math.cos(angolox) * vel, Math.sin(angolox) * vel, 3);
n++;
balls++;
}
v += 50;
}
draw();
body {
background-color: khaki;
text-align: center;
font-family: Ubuntu Mono;
}
#title {
color: black;
font-size: 200%;
font-style: normal;
margin: 1px;
border: 1px;
}
#balls {
margin-top: 5px;
}
#myCanvas {
margin-top: -20px;
}
section.footer {
color: black;
font-family: Ubuntu Mono;
font-style: normal;
font-size: small;
}
#disclaimer {
font-size: 74%;
color: gray;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>2d collision</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gas.css">
</head>
<body style="text-align: center">
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1225%" height="650%" style="border:1px solid black; margin-top: 10px;"></canvas>
<script src="gas.js"></script>
<p>
<strong>[X]</strong> to toggle SIZE of future balls <br>
<strong>[K]</strong> to toggle clearCanvas(); <br>
<strong>[P]</strong>: pause/unpause || <strong>[R]</strong>: [RESET]
</p>
<p>
source code on github
</p>
<div id="disclaimer" align="center" style="word-break: break-word; width: 350px; display:inline-block;">
<p>
Make sure to press a few buttons and play around.<br>Made with pure javascript.
</p>
</div>
</section>
</body>
</html>

adding custom animation in canvas html5

this might be somewhat difficult but i wil still ask, so i made a starfield ,now what i want to do is to have my stars( a pair each) connected to eachother by a line ,now this line will expand as the stars move forward and disappear when the stars move out of the canvas .any help would be appreciated here this is difficult i have the logic but i seem unable to follow the correct way to implement it
function randomRange(minVal, maxVal) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxVal - minVal - 1)) + minVal;
}
function initStars() {
for (var i = 0; i < stars.length; i++) {
stars[i] = {
x: randomRange(-25, 25),
y: randomRange(-25, 25),
z: randomRange(1, MAX_DEPTH)
}
}
}
function degToRad(deg) {
radians = (deg * Math.PI / 180) - Math.PI / 2;
return radians;
}
function animate() {
var halfWidth = canvas.width / 2;
var halfHeight = canvas.height / 2;
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < stars.length; i++) {
stars[i].z -= 0.2;
if (stars[i].z <= 0) {
stars[i].x = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].y = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].z = MAX_DEPTH;
}
var k = 128.0 / stars[i].z;
var px = stars[i].x * k + halfWidth;
var py = stars[i].y * k + halfHeight;
if (px >= 0 && px <= 1500 && py >= 0 && py <= 1500) {
var size = (1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 5;
var shade = parseInt((1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 750);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(" + shade + "," + shade + "," + shade + ")";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(px, py, size, degToRad(0), degToRad(360));
ctx.fill();
}
}
}
function animate() {
var halfWidth = canvas.width / 2;
var halfHeight = canvas.height / 2;
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < stars.length; i++) {
stars[i].z -= 0.2;
if (stars[i].z <= 0) {
stars[i].x = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].y = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].z = MAX_DEPTH;
}
var k = 128.0 / stars[i].z;
var px = stars[i].x * k + halfWidth;
var py = stars[i].y * k + halfHeight;
if (px >= 0 && px <= 1500 && py >= 0 && py <= 1500) {
var size = (1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 5;
var shade = parseInt((1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 750);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(" + shade + "," + shade + "," + shade + ")";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(px, py, size, degToRad(0), degToRad(360));
ctx.fill();
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html5>
<html>
<head>
<title>stars</title>
<script src="convergis.js"></script>
<script>
MAX_DEPTH = 32;
var canvas, ctx;
var stars = new Array(500);
window.onload = function() {
canvas = document.getElementById("tutorial");
if( canvas && canvas.getContext ) {
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
initStars();
setInterval(animate,17);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id='tutorial' width='1500' height='1500'>
</canvas>
</body>
</html>

You could just say you want a lightspeed effect!
One way very cheap way to do it is to paint the background with some transparency. You can also render a set of points close together in order to make the illusion of the effect.
The good way to do it is shaders since they will allow you to add glow and some other nice image trickery that will make it look better. Here is a good example: https://www.shadertoy.com/view/Xdl3D2
Below I used the canvas api lineTo and even with a fixed line width, it's a pretty good final result.
var MAX_DEPTH = 64;
var LINELENGTH = 0.1;
var stars = new Array(500);
var canvas = document.getElementById("tutorial");
canvas.width = innerWidth;
canvas.height = innerHeight;
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
initStars();
setInterval(animate,17);
function randomRange(minVal, maxVal) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxVal - minVal - 1)) + minVal;
}
function initStars() {
for (var i = 0; i < stars.length; i++) {
stars[i] = {
x: randomRange(-25, 25),
y: randomRange(-25, 25),
z: randomRange(1, MAX_DEPTH)
}
}
}
function degToRad(deg) {
radians = (deg * Math.PI / 180) - Math.PI / 2;
return radians;
}
function animate() {
var halfWidth = canvas.width / 2;
var halfHeight = canvas.height / 2;
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,1)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < stars.length; i++) {
stars[i].z -= 0.5;
if (stars[i].z <= 0) {
stars[i].x = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].y = randomRange(-25, 25);
stars[i].z = MAX_DEPTH;
}
var k = 254.0 / stars[i].z;
var px = stars[i].x * k + halfWidth;
var py = stars[i].y * k + halfHeight;
if (px >= 0 && px <= 1500 && py >= 0 && py <= 1500) {
var size = (1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 2;
var shade = parseInt((1 - stars[i].z / 32.0) * 750);
ctx.strokeStyle = "rgb(" + shade + "," + shade + "," + shade + ")";
ctx.lineWidth = size;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(px,py);
var ox = size * (px - halfWidth) * LINELENGTH;
var oy = size * (py - halfHeight) * LINELENGTH;
ctx.lineTo(px + ox, py + oy);
ctx.stroke();
}
}
}
<canvas id='tutorial' width='1500' height='1500'></canvas>