var jsn=getAttr(ref,"json-data").toString();
console.log(jsn); //{test: true,stringtest:"hallo"}. it's OK.
JSON.parse(jsn); //Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token s, line: line with JSON.parse;
I think JSON.parse does something not right with this data.. I tried to remove stringtest:"hallo" - no result... PS: also I think that I do something wrong then I have asked this question
At the first time I tried JSON.parse("{"+jsn+"}");.
Your JSON is not properly formatted, as your object keys must be surrounded by quotation marks. The following will work:
var jsn = '{"test": true, "stringtest": "hallo"}';
JSON.parse(jsn);
Edit: The RFC4627, which specifies JSON format, states:
2.2. Objects
An object structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets
surrounding zero or more name/value pairs (or members). A name is a
string. A single colon comes after each name, separating the name
from the value. A single comma separates a value from a following
name. The names within an object SHOULD be unique.
object = begin-object [ member *( value-separator member ) ]
end-object
member = string name-separator value
As you can see, JSON objects are composed of name/value pairs, where a name is a string. Again, the RFC says:
The representation of strings is similar to conventions used in the C
family of programming languages. A string begins and ends with
quotation marks. All Unicode characters may be placed within the
quotation marks except for the characters that must be escaped:
quotation mark, reverse solidus, and the control characters (U+0000
through U+001F).
string = quotation-mark *char quotation-mark
quotation-mark = %x22 ; "
So, according to the RFC, keys must be surrounded by double quotes, not single one. Still, I guess some parsers may be more tolerant and accept both of them, but I'd stick to the standard.
Related
Are there any forbidden characters in key names, for JavaScript objects or JSON strings? Or characters that need to be escaped?
To be more specific, I'd like to use "$", "-" and space in key names.
No. Any valid string is a valid key. It can even have " as long as you escape it:
{"The \"meaning\" of life":42}
There is perhaps a chance you'll encounter difficulties loading such values into some languages, which try to associate keys with object field names. I don't know of any such cases, however.
The following characters must be escaped in JSON data to avoid any problems:
" (double quote)
\ (backslash)
all control characters like \n, \t
JSON Parser can help you to deal with JSON.
It is worth mentioning that while starting the keys with numbers is valid, it could cause some unintended issues.
Example:
var testObject = {
"1tile": "test value"
};
console.log(testObject.1tile); // fails, invalid syntax
console.log(testObject["1tile"]; // workaround
Unicode codepoints U+D800 to U+DFFF must be avoided: they are invalid in Unicode because they are reserved for UTF-16 surrogate pairs. Some JSON encoders/decoders will replace them with U+FFFD. See for example how the Go language and its JSON library deals with them.
So avoid "\uD800" to "\uDFFF" alone (not in surrogate pairs).
I ran two pieces of javascript codes in a online JS running platform:Website Link
pets = '{'pet_names':[{"name":"jack"},{"name":"john"},{"name":"joe"}]}';
var arr = JSON.parse(pets);
alert(arr.pet_names[1].name);
Code with double quotes ("pet_names") would be OK but with single quotes('pet_names') would remind a error:"Unexpected identifier"
pets = '{"pet_names":[{"name":"jack"},{"name":"john"},{"name":"joe"}]}';
var arr = JSON.parse(pets);
alert(arr.pet_names[1].name);
So, why do it would happen?
In JSON only double quotes are valid.
You can find the standard on JSON.org
A value can be a string in double quotes, or a number, or true or
false or null, or an object or an array. These structures can be
nested.
In other words, no strings in single quotes.
The first one didn't work because you have a syntax error where you try to define your string literal
you probably wanted
pets = '{\'pet_names\':[{"name":"jack"},{"name":"john"},{"name":"joe"}]}';
notice the quotes are escaped.
Now if you used that string in the json parser you would still get an error(SyntaxError: Unexpected token ') because keys in JSON must be defined with double quotes, using single quotes is valid for defining JavaScript object literals which is separate from JSON.
I wan a regex to alidate all types of possible DN's
I create one but its not so good.
/([A-z0-9=]{1}[A-z0-9]{1})*[,??]/ and some others by changing it, but in vain.
Posible DN's can be
CN=abcd,CN=abcd,O=abcd,C=us
CN=abcd0520,CN=users,O=abcd,C=us
C=us
etc
I recently had a need for this, so I created one that perfectly follows the LDAPv3 distinguished name syntax at RFC-2253.
Attribute Type
An attributeType can be expressed 2 ways. An alphanumeric string that starts with an alpha, validated using:
[A-Za-z][\w-]*
Or it can be an OID, validated using:
\d+(?:\.\d+)*
So attributeType validates using:
[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*
Attribute Value
An attributeValue can be expressed 3 ways. A hex string, which is a sequence of hex-pairs with a leading #. A hex string validates using:
#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+
Or an escaped string; each non-special character is expressed "as-is" (validates using [^,=\+<>#;\\"]). Special characters can be expressed with a leading \ (validates using \\[,=\+<>#;\\"]). Finally any character can be expressed as a hex-pair with a leading \ (validates using \\[\dA-Fa-f]{2}). An escaped string validates using:
(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*
Or a quoted-string; the value starts and ends with ", and can contain any character un-escaped except \ and ". Additionally, any of the methods from the escaped string above can be used. A quoted-string validates using:
"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*"
All combined, an attributeValue validates using:
#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*"
Name component
A name-component in BNF is:
name-component = attributeTypeAndValue *("+" attributeTypeAndValue)
attributeTypeAndValue = attributeType "=" attributeValue
In RegEx is:
(?#attributeType)=(?#attributeValue)(?:\+(?#attributeType)=(?#attributeValue))*
Replacing the (?#attributeType) and (?#attributeValue) placeholders with the values above gives us:
(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*")(?:\+(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*"))*
Which validates a single name-component.
Distinguished name
Finally, the BNF for a distinguished name is:
name-component *("," name-component)
In RegEx is:
(?#name-component)(?:,(?#name-component))*
Replacing the (?#name-component) placeholder with the value above gives us:
^(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*")(?:\+(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*"))*(?:,(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*")(?:\+(?:[A-Za-z][\w-]*|\d+(?:\.\d+)*)=(?:#(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{2})+|(?:[^,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*|"(?:[^\\"]|\\[,=\+<>#;\\"]|\\[\dA-Fa-f]{2})*"))*)*$
Test it here
This is not only not possible, it will never work, and should not even be attempted. LDAP data (distinguished name in this case) are not strings. A distinguished name has distinguishedName syntax, which is not a string, and comparisons must be made with using matching rules defined in the directory server schema. For this reason, regular expressions and native-language comparison, relative value, and equality operations like perl's ~~, eq and == and Java's == cannot be used with LDAP data - if a programmer attempts this, unexpected results can occur and the code is brittle, fragile, unpredictable, and does not have repeatable characteristics. Language LDAP APIs that do not support matching rules cannot be used with LDAP where comparison, equality checks, and relative value ordering comparisons are required.
By way of example, the distinguished names "dc=example,dc=com" and "DC=example, DC=COM" are equivalent in every way from an LDAP perspective, but native language equality operators would return false.
This worked for me:
Expression:
^(?<RDN>(?<Key>(?:\\[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|\\\[^=\,\\]|[^=\,\\]+)+)\=(?<Value>(?:\\[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|\\\[^=\,\\]|[^=\,\\]+)+))(?:\s*\,\s*(?<RDN>(?<Key>(?:\\[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|\\\[^=\,\\]|[^=\,\\]+)+)\=(?<Value>(?:\\[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|\\\[^=\,\\]|[^=\,\\]+)+)))*$
Test:
CN=Test User Delete\0ADEL:c1104f63-0389-4d25-8e03-822a5c3616bc,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=test,DC=domain,DC=local
The expression is already Regex escaped so to avoid having to repeat all the backslashes in C# make sure you prefix the string with the non-escaped literal # sign, i.e.
var dnExpression = #"...";
This will yield four groups, first a copy of the whole string, second a copy of the last RDN, third and fourth the key/value pairs. You can index into each key/value using the Captures collection of each group.
You can also use this to validate a RDN by cutting the expression to the "(?...)" group surrounded by the usual "^...$" to required a whole value (start-end of string).
I've allowed a hex special character escape "\", simple character escape "\" or anything other than ",=\" inside the key/value DN text. I'd guess this expression could be perfected by taking extra time to go through the MSDN AD standard and restrict the allowed characters to match exactly what is or is not allowed. But I believe this is a good start.
I created one. Working great.
^(\w+[=]{1}\w+)([,{1}]\w+[=]{1}\w+)*$
Are there any forbidden characters in key names, for JavaScript objects or JSON strings? Or characters that need to be escaped?
To be more specific, I'd like to use "$", "-" and space in key names.
No. Any valid string is a valid key. It can even have " as long as you escape it:
{"The \"meaning\" of life":42}
There is perhaps a chance you'll encounter difficulties loading such values into some languages, which try to associate keys with object field names. I don't know of any such cases, however.
The following characters must be escaped in JSON data to avoid any problems:
" (double quote)
\ (backslash)
all control characters like \n, \t
JSON Parser can help you to deal with JSON.
It is worth mentioning that while starting the keys with numbers is valid, it could cause some unintended issues.
Example:
var testObject = {
"1tile": "test value"
};
console.log(testObject.1tile); // fails, invalid syntax
console.log(testObject["1tile"]; // workaround
Unicode codepoints U+D800 to U+DFFF must be avoided: they are invalid in Unicode because they are reserved for UTF-16 surrogate pairs. Some JSON encoders/decoders will replace them with U+FFFD. See for example how the Go language and its JSON library deals with them.
So avoid "\uD800" to "\uDFFF" alone (not in surrogate pairs).
The JSON spec says that JSON is an object or an array. In the case of an object,
An object structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets
surrounding zero or more name/value pairs (or members). A name is a
string. ...
And later, the spec says that a string is surrounded in quotes.
Why?
Thus,
{"Property1":"Value1","Property2":18}
and not
{Property1:"Value1",Property2:18}
Question 1: why not allow the name in the name/value pairs to be unquoted identifiers?
Question 2: Is there a semantic difference between the two representations above, when evaluated in Javascript?
I leave a quote from a presentation that Douglas Crockford (the creator of the JSON standard) gave to Yahoo.
He talks about how he discovered JSON, and amongst other things why he decided to use quoted keys:
....
That was when we discovered the
unquoted name problem. It turns out
ECMA Script 3 has a whack reserved
word policy. Reserved words must be
quoted in the key position, which is
really a nuisance. When I got around
to formulizing this into a standard, I
didn't want to have to put all of the
reserved words in the standard,
because it would look really stupid.
At the time, I was trying to convince
people: yeah, you can write
applications in JavaScript, it's
actually going to work and it's a good
language. I didn't want to say, then,
at the same time: and look at this
really stupid thing they did! So I
decided, instead, let's just quote the
keys.
That way, we don't have to tell
anybody about how whack it is.
That's why, to this day, keys are quoted in
JSON.
You can find the complete video and transcript here.
Question 1: why not allow the name in the name/value pairs to be unquoted identifiers?
The design philosophy of JSON is "Keep it simple"
"Quote names with "" is a lot simpler than "You may quote names with " or ' but you don't have to, unless they contain certain characters (or combinations of characters that would make it a keyword) and ' or " may need to be quoted depending on what delimiter you selected".
Question 2: Is there a semantic difference between the two representations above, when evaluated in Javascript?
No. In JavaScript they are identical.
Both : and whitespace are permitted in identifiers. Without the quotes, this would cause ambiguity when trying to determine what exactly constitutes the identifier.
In javascript objects can be used like a hash/hashtable with key pairs.
However if your key has characters that javascript could not tokenize as a name, it would fail when trying it access like a property on an object rather than a key.
var test = {};
test["key"] = 1;
test["#my-div"] = "<div> stuff </div>";
// test = { "key": 1, "#my-div": "<div> stuff </div>" };
console.log(test.key); // should be 1
console.log(test["key"]); // should be 1
console.log(test["#my-div"]); // should be "<div> stuff </div>";
console.log(test.#my-div); // would not work.
identifiers can sometimes have characters that can not be evaluated as a token/identifier in javascript, thus its best to put all identifiers in strings for consistency.
If json describes objects, then in practise you get the following
var foo = {};
var bar = 1;
foo["bar"] = "hello";
foo[bar] = "goodbye";
so then,
foo.bar == "hello";
foo[1] == "goodbye" // in setting it used the value of var bar
so even if your examples do produce the same result, their equivalents in "raw code" wouldn't. Maybe that's why?? dunno, just an idea.
I think the right answer to Cheeso's question is that the implementation surpassed the documentation. It no longer requires a string as the key, but rather something else, which can either be a string (ie quoted) or (probably) anything that can be used as a variable name, which I will guess means start with a letter, _, or $, and include only letters, numbers, and the $ and _.
I wanted to simplify the rest for the next person who visits this question with the same idea I did. Here's the meat:
Variable names are not interpolated in JSON when used as an object key (Thanks Friedo!)
Breton, using "identifier" instead of "key", wrote that "if an identifier happens to be a reserved word, it is interpreted as that word rather than as an identifier." This may be true, but I tried it without any trouble:
var a = {do:1,long:2,super:3,abstract:4,var:5,break:6,boolean:7};
a.break
=> 6
About using quotes, Quentin wrote "...but you don't have to, unless [the key] contains certain characters (or combinations of characters that would make it a keyword)"
I found the former part (certain characters) is true, using the # sign (in fact, I think $ and _ are the only characters that don't cause the error):
var a = {a#b:1};
=> Syntax error
var a = {"a#b":1};
a['a#b']
=> 1
but the parenthetical about keywords, as I showed above, isn't true.
What I wanted works because the text between the opening { and the colon, or between the comma and the colon for subsequent properties is used as an unquoted string to make an object key, or, as Friedo put it, a variable name there doesn't get interpolated:
var uid = getUID();
var token = getToken(); // Returns ABC123
var data = {uid:uid,token:token};
data.token
=> ABC123
It may reduce data size if quotes on name are only allowed when necessary