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How to pass a value from textbox into a jQuery function?

I'm trying to figur out how I can set the var number and then use it in my other function Custom.init(number); and make it stay on the page.
//Set number onclick
function setVar() {
var number = document.getElementById("textbox").value;
//Pass in number
jQuery(document).ready(function() {
Custom.init(number);
});
};

If you're using jQuery, the ready function should wrap all other functions as it will be invoked first and foremost.
$(document).ready(function(){
var number = document.getElementById("textbox").value;
//Then do your validation here
var setVar = function(){
Custom.init(number);
//whatever else is involved with this
}
})
If that doesn't work I'd check the console for a specific error and ensure your Custom.init function is working as expected.

It doesn't make sense to hide the ready handler inside a function. The comments in your code do also suggest that you wish to call Custom.init in response to a mouse click on some element. You would register an event handler to this end.
A suggested streamlining:
//Set number onclick
$(document).ready(function() {
$(<selector for clickable elements>).on (
"click"
, function (eve) {
Custom.init(parseInt($("#textbox").val()));
1;
}
);
});

pass through current target name to function

I'd like to dynamically create event listeners for multiple buttons, and subsequently, show a particular frame label depending on the button clicked, but I'm unsure what to pass through (FYI, this is will be used for HTML5 canvas in Flash CC, but principally the same should apply to a web page for showing divs etc). I currently have this:
var butTotal = 4;
var selfHome = this;
function createListeners () {
for (var i=0; i<butTotal; i++) {
selfHome["btn" + i].addEventListener('click', openPop);
}
}
function openPop () {
alert("test");
selfHome.gotoAndPlay("pop"+event.currentTarget.name.substr(3));
}
createListeners();
It creates the listeners fine, but I don't really know where to start with passing through the current button instance name to tell it which frame label to gotoAndPlay.

Based on the code that you have, I'd simply change the .addEventListener() to call a generic function (rather than openPop, directly), and pass it the reference to the button. So, this:
selfHome["btn" + i].addEventListener('click', openPop);
. . . would become this:
selfHome["btn" + i].addEventListener('click', function() {
openPop(this);
});
At that point, you would then have to update openPop to accept a parameter for the reference to the element that triggered it . . . something like:
function openPop (currentButton) {
At that point, you could reference the clicked button, by using currentButton in the openPop logic.

I'm not sure I totally understand your question. However if you just need to pass the button instance (in you case "selfHome["btn" + i]") you could call an anonymous function in your event handler which calls openPop() with the button instance as an arugment. Would this work for you?
var butTotal = 4;
var selfHome = this;
function createListeners () {
for (var i=0; i<butTotal; i++) {
var currentBtn = selfHome["btn" + i];
currentBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){openPop(currentBtn);} );
}
}
function openPop (btn) {
alert("test");
selfHome.gotoAndPlay(/*use button instance 'btn' to find frame*/);
}
createListeners();

When the event is triggered the this keyword inside the handler function is set to the element is firing the event EventTarget.addEventListener on MDN. If the button have the data needed to be retrieved just get it from the this keyword:
function openPop (btn) {
alert(this.name);
/* ... */
}

It looks like you expect it to contain the function gotoAndPlay() as well as the btn elements (which contain both an ID (of btn[number]) and a name with something special at substr(3) (I assume the same as the id). If those things were all true, it should work in chrome... in other browsers you'll need to add event to the openPop() method signature.
function openPop (event) {
alert("test");
selfHome.gotoAndPlay("pop"+event.currentTarget.name.substr(3));
}
I believe this is what you are looking for and adding that one word should fix your problem (assuming some things about your dom and what selfHome contains):
JSFiddle
You could also leave out the event from openPop() and replace event.currentTarget with this:
function openPop () {
alert("test");
selfHome.gotoAndPlay("pop"+this.name.substr(3));
}
JSFiddle

Defining a single jQuery function for separate DOM elements

I have several jQuery click functions- each is attached to a different DOM element, and does slightly different things...
One, for example, opens and closes a dictionary, and changes the text...
$(".dictionaryFlip").click(function(){
var link = $(this);
$(".dictionaryHolder").slideToggle('fast', function() {
if ($(this).is(":visible")) {
link.text("dictionary ON");
}
else {
link.text("dictionary OFF");
}
});
});
HTML
<div class="dictionaryHolder">
<div id="dictionaryHeading">
<span class="dictionaryTitle">中 文 词 典</span>
<span class="dictionaryHeadings">Dialog</span>
<span class="dictionaryHeadings">Word Bank</span>
</div>
</div>
<p class="dictionaryFlip">toggle dictionary: off</p>
I have a separate click function for each thing I'd like to do...
Is there a way to define one click function and assign it to different DOM elements? Then maybe use if else logic to change up what's done inside the function?
Thanks!
Clarification:
I have a click function to 1) Turn on and off the dictionary, 2) Turn on and off the menu, 3) Turn on and off the minimap... etc... Just wanted to cut down on code by combining all of these into a single click function

You can of course define a single function and use it on multiple HTML elements. It's a common pattern and should be utilized if at all possible!
var onclick = function(event) {
var $elem = $(this);
alert("Clicked!");
};
$("a").click(onclick);
$(".b").click(onclick);
$("#c").click(onclick);
// jQuery can select multiple elements in one selector
$("a, .b, #c").click(onclick);
You can also store contextual information on the element using the data- custom attribute. jQuery has a nice .data function (it's simply a prefixed proxy for .attr) that allows you to easily set and retrieve keys and values on an element. Say we have a list of people, for example:
<section>
<div class="user" data-id="124124">
<h1>John Smith</h1>
<h3>Cupertino, San Franciso</h3>
</div>
</section>
Now we register a click handler on the .user class and get the id on the user:
var onclick = function(event) {
var $this = $(this), //Always good to cache your jQuery elements (if you use them more than once)
id = $this.data("id");
alert("User ID: " + id);
};
$(".user").click(onclick);

Here's a simple pattern
function a(elem){
var link = $(elem);
$(".dictionaryHolder").slideToggle('fast', function() {
if (link.is(":visible")) {
link.text("dictionary ON");
}
else {
link.text("dictionary OFF");
}
});
}
$(".dictionaryFlip").click(function(){a(this);});
$(".anotherElement").click(function(){a(this);});

Well, you could do something like:
var f = function() {
var $this = $(this);
if($this.hasClass('A')) { /* do something */ }
if($this.hasClass('B')) { /* do something else */ }
}
$('.selector').click(f);
and so inside the f function you check what was class of clicked element
and depending on that do what u wish

For better performance, you can assign only one event listener to your page. Then, use event.target to know which part was clicked and what to do.
I would put each action in a separate function, to keep code readable.
I would also recommend using a unique Id per clickable item you need.
$("body").click(function(event) {
switch(event.target.id) {
// call suitable action according to the id of clicked element
case 'dictionaryFlip':
flipDictionnary()
break;
case 'menuToggle':
toggleMenu()
break;
// other actions go here
}
});
function flipDictionnary() {
// code here
}
function toggleMenu() {
// code here
}
cf. Event Delegation with jQuery http://www.sitepoint.com/event-delegation-with-jquery/

How Store and Disable Event of another element Temporary

I am looking for a way to manage the events. I have a hover function for element A, and click function for element B. I want to disable A`s hover function temporary while the second click of B.
I am looking for a way that not necessary to rewrite the hole function of A inside of B. Something very simply just like "Store and Disable Event, Call Stored Function"
I found some technique like .data('events') and console.log. I tired but failed, or maybe I wrote them in a wrong way.
Please help and advice!
$(A).hover();
$(b).click(
if($.hasData($(A)[0])){ // if A has event,
//STORE all the event A has, and disable
}else{
//ENABLE the stored event for A
}
);

Try this
var hoverme = function() {
alert('Hover Event Fired');
};
$('.A').hover(hoverme);
var i = 0;
$('.B').on('click', function(){
if(i%2 === 0){
// Unbind event
$('.A').off('hover');
}
else{
// Else bind the event
$('.A').hover(hoverme);
}
i++;
});
Check Fiddle

I think that what you want to do is something like this (example for JQuery 1.7.2):
$("#a").hover(function(){alert("test")});
$("#a")[0].active=true;
$("#b").click(function(){
if($("#a")[0].active){
$("#a")[0].storedEvents = [];
var hoverEvents = $("#a").data("events").mouseover;
jQuery.each(hoverEvents , function(key,handlerObj) {
$("#a")[0].storedEvents.push(handlerObj.handler);
});
$("#a").off('hover');
}else{
for(var i=0;i<$("#a")[0].storedEvents.length;i++){
$("#a").hover($("#a")[0].storedEvents[i]);
}
}
$("#a")[0].active = ($("#a")[0].active)==false;
});​
JSFiddle Example
But there are a couple of things that you must have in consideration:
This will only work if you add the events with JQuery, because JQuery keeps an internal track of the event handlers that have been added.
Each version of JQuery handles data("events") differently, that means that this code may not work with other version of JQuery.
I hope that this helps.
EDIT:
data("events") was an internal undocumented data structure used in JQuery 1.6 and JQUery 1.7, but it has been removed in JQuery 1.8. So in JQuery 1.8 the only way to access the events data is through: $._data(element, "events"). But keep in mind the advice from the JQuery documentation: this is not a supported public interface; the actual data structures may change incompatibly from version to version.

You could try having a variable that is outside the scope of functions a and b, and use that variable to trigger the action to take in function b on function a.
var state;
var a = function() {
if(!state) {
state = true;
// Add hover action and other prep. I'd create a third function to handle this.
console.log(state);
};
var b = function() {
if(state) {
state = false;
// Do unbinding of hover code with third function.
} else {
state = true;
// Do whatever else you needed to do
}
}
Without knowing more about what you're trying to do, I'd try something similar to this.

It sounds like you want to disable the click hover event for A if B is clicked.
$("body").on("hover", "#a", function(){
alert("hovering");
});
$("#b").click( function(){
$("body").off("hover", "#a", function() {
alert("removed hovering");
});
});
You can use the jQuery off method, have a look at this fiddle. http://jsfiddle.net/nKLwK/1/

Define a function to assign to hover on A element, so in b click, call unbind('hover') for A element and in second click on b element define again a function to hover, like this:
function aHover(eventObject) {
// Todo when the mouse enter object. You can use $(this) here
}
function aHoverOut(eventObject) {
// Todo when the mouse leave the object. You can use $(this) here
}
$(A).hover(aHover, aHoverOut);
// ...
$(b).click(function(eventObject) {
if($.hasData($(A)[0])){ // if A has event,
$(A).unbind('mouseenter mouseleave'); // This is because not a event hover, jQuery convert the element.hover(hoverIn, hoverOut) in element.bind('mouseenter', hoverIn) and element.bind('mouseleave', hoverOut)
}else{
$(A).hover(aHover, aHoverOut);
}
});

There are provably better ways to do it, but this works fine, on document ready do this:
$("#a")[0].active=false;
$("#b").click(function(){
$("#a")[0].active = ($("#a")[0].active)==false;
if($("#a")[0].active){
$("#a").hover(function(){alert("test")});
}else{
$("#a").off('hover');
}
});
JSFiddle example

You can use .off function from jQuery to unbind the hover on your "a" element.
function hoverA() {
alert('I\'m on hover');
}
$('#a').hover( hoverA );
var active = true;
$('#b').on('click', function(){
if(active){
$('#a').off('hover');
active = false;
} else{
$('#a').hover(hoverA);
active = true;
}
});
Live demo available here : http://codepen.io/joe/pen/wblpC

JQuery Bind click event to appended element with an argument

I'm trying to populate a ul list with some li elements and give each li element a link that calls the same function with a different argument. However it doesn't seem to work, i've attached the code below, CheckForNewMail is called on document load. Can anyone please help me out?
function CheckForNewMail() {
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This will be dynamic
MailInInbox[0] = new Array("0", "Mail One");
MailInInbox[1] = new Array("12", "Mail Two");
MailInInbox[2] = new Array("32", "Mail Three");
MailInInbox[3] = new Array("5", "Mail Four");
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$('#mail-in-inbox').children().remove();
size = 4; element = $('#mail-in-inbox');
for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
var link = $(''+ MailInInbox[i][1] +'');
link.live('click', function() {
LoadMailById(i);
});
li = $('<li></li>');
li.append(link);
element.append(li);
}
}
function LoadMailById(id) {
alert("Button "+ id +" clicked!");
}

First, I'm making an assumption here:
That you want the id of the email in that click function, not the index e.g. 0, 12, 32, 5, rather than 0, 1, 2, 3.
Given that (easy to adjust with .index() if the assumption is incorrect), you can do this:
function CheckForNewMail() {
MailInInbox[0] = ["0", "Mail One"];
MailInInbox[1] = ["12", "Mail Two"];
MailInInbox[2] = ["32", "Mail Three"];
MailInInbox[3] = ["5", "Mail Four"];
$('#mail-in-inbox').empty();
var size = 4, element = $('#mail-in-inbox');
for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
$(''+ MailInInbox[i][1] +'')
.data('id', MailInInbox[i][0]).wrap('<li/>').parent().appendTo(element);
}
}
There are a few changes here:
Array literals, much simpler notation
Proper var declaration on variables (if they aren't already defined elsewhere)
Using .data() to store the id on the <a> we just created
Then, using that stored data, we can attach a single handler to the #mail-in-inbox container one time (on DOM ready), rather than one to each <a> each time this function runs, it should look like this:
$('#mail-in-inbox').delegate('.inbox-link', 'click', function() {
alert("Button "+ $.data(this, 'id') +" clicked!");
});
This would display "Button 0 clicked!", "Button 12 clicked", etc. You can test out all of the above in a demo here.

One problem is that the variable i will always be that of the last link because by the time the user clicks any link, the loop would have completed. One way to fix this would be to use the .data() method to associate a piece of information with each li element:
link.data('mailId', i); // within the loop
Then you can bind a single event handler for all inbox links inside #mail-in-inbox:
$('#mail-in-inbox').on('click', '.inbox-link', function() {
LoadMailById($(this).data('mailId'));
});
Edited to add: .on() was introduced in jQuery 1.7. If you are using jQuery 1.6 or older, use .delegate() or .live() (as in the question and the original version of this answer) instead.

There are a couple issues.
First, that's not how you use .live(). The .live() method is called against a jQuery object that was given a selector. You can do it at any point (even before the DOM loads), and any clicks on the page that match the selector will fire the handler.
In your case, it would go something like:
$('.inbox-link').live('click',function() {
// whatever
});
In your case, where you're assign a separate handler to each item, you would use .bind instead of live().
As another user mentioned, you'll not have the correct value of i in the handler though. You can use $.each() to overcome this.
$.each(MailInInbox, function( i ) {
var link = $(''+ MailInInbox[i][1] +'');
link.bind('click', function() {
LoadMailById(i);
});
$('<li></li>').append( link ).appendTo( element );
});
Now you'll have the correct value of i in the handler for each link.

LoadMailById(i);
i is a reference here and increased on each for-iteration. Thus, after the for loop it holds the value of size; 4.

link.live('click', (function(index) {
return function() {
LoadMailById(index);
};
)(i);
});
I think this should work to fix the problem. The anonymous function takes your argument i and binds it to the variable index so that when the click even occurs, it's not using the value i leftover from the end of the loop but is instead using it's value at the time of the binding.