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How to set Metatitle for a user-entered javascript hashed URL via PHP

I want to set a specific metatitle to a javascript hashed url. I want to set it via PHP so that when google crawls it the metatitle is already there.
An example of a page: https://weslaydragons.com/en/shop/#!/men+long+sleeve+shirts?q=P25
In this url /en/shop/ is the wordpress page, and #!/men+long+sleeve+shirts?q=P25 is set by javascript.
I have this code in the functions.php to try to set the title:
if (is_page(194) and (strpos($url, 'men+long+sleeve+shirts') !== false))
{$new_title = "long sleevetitle";};
return $new_title;
But how do I get 'men+long+sleeve+shirts' or '?q=P25' in the $url variable?
Is there a way to get the user-entered url in PHP?

You can use combination of strpos() and substr();
Like this:
$string = "https://weslaydragons.com/en/shop/#!/men+long+sleeve+shirts?q=P25";
var_dump(substr($string,strpos($string,'?'))); // output '?q=P25'
It will cut whole string and leave only the part from ? to end.
Explode method:
Or you can use alternate, explode method like this, which will ensure that it will target only last element with question mark.
$string= "https://weslaydragons.com/en/shop/#!/men+long+sleeve+shirts?q=P25";
$string2= explode('?',$string);
var_dump(end($string2)); // output 'q=P25'
Edit:Both methods would work with "#" also, just replace '?' with '#'.
Refs:
http://php.net/manual/bg/function.strpos.php
http://php.net/manual/bg/function.substr.php
http://php.net/manual/bg/function.end.php
http://php.net/manual/bg/function.explode.php

Javascript regex to replace ampersand in all links href on a page

I've been going through and trying to find an answer to this question that fits my need but either I'm too noob to make other use cases work, or their not specific enough for my case.
Basically I want to use javascript/jQuery to replace any and all ampersands (&) on a web page that may occur in a links href with just the word "and". I've tried a couple different versions of this with no luck
var link = $("a").attr('href');
link.replace(/&/g, "and");
Thank you

Your current code replaces the text of the element within the jQuery object, but does not update the element(s) in the DOM.
You can instead achieve what you need by providing a function to attr() which will be executed against all elements in the matched set. Try this:
$("a").attr('href', function(i, value) {
return value.replace(/&/g, "and");
});
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
link
link

Sometimes when replacing &, I've found that even though I replaced &, I still have amp;. There is a fix to this:
var newUrl = "#Model.UrlToRedirect".replace(/&/gi, '%').replace(/%amp;/gi, '&');
With this solution you replace & twice and it will work. In my particular problem in an MVC app, window.location.href = #Model.UrlToRedirect, the url was already partially encoded and had a query string. I tried encoding/decoding, using Uri as the C# class, escape(), everything before coming up with this solution. The problem with using my above logic is other things could blow up the query string later. One solution is to put a hidden field or input on the form like this:
<input type="hidden" value="#Model.UrlToRedirect" id="url-redirect" />
then in your javascript:
window.location.href = document.getElementById("url-redirect").value;
in this way, javascript won't take the c# string and change it.

Extracting inline javascript var in html source to a PHP array

There is some data that I need to get from a local crawled page. It's inline javascript like this:
<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
var graph_data = {"query":{"cid":["13908"],"timestamp_from":1402531200,"timestamp_till":1402531200,"views":1138942,"data":
etc, the variable is very long but you get the idea. I want to put "graph_data" into an array called $data. What is the best way to do this? I should add this is all being done by me locally & I don't need to execute any javascript code, just extract the data.

I have make a suggestion purely as an idea with some code worth trying!
As suggested, the DOM Document may provide this much easier, but here's another possible solution for extracting...
I'm guessing that the var graph_data is a JSON string that you want to extract from the HTML page so that you can store as a PHP var. The problem is that your code doesn't show how the variable ends but I'm going to assume that a new line break would be the way to identify the end of the variable being set. It may be a semi-colon though and if it is, instead of "\r\n" try ";"
// Assuming your html code is stored in $html...
preg_match("/var graph_data[^\{]*?(\{[^\r\n]+?)/is",$html,$match);
print "<pre>";
print_r($match);
print "</pre>";
This should result in $match[1] storing the part you need.
You can try passing that into json_decode() but that's touching some wood with crossed fingers.
Good luck...

quick Jquery .load chat not working

I have the following jquery:
var msg = $("#newmessage").val();
var user = $("#userchat").val();
var filename = "/inc/chat.php?msg="+msg+"&user="+user;
alert(filename);
$("#chatData").load(filename);
when 'msg' does not have a space in it, the #chatData loads fine and posts the variable.
When it does have a space in it, I just get a blank div. With no information in it whatsoever.
if I load up the php file that inserts the data into the DB, and manually type the same GET data, it works fine.
Whats going on?

Try using
encodeURIComponent(msg)

Also consider:
$("#chatData").load('/inc/chat.php',
{ 'msg' : $("#newmessage").val(), 'user' : $("#userchat").val() }
);
URI encoding is done, if needed, by jQuery.
You don't have to worry about URI encoding as the POST method is used since data is provided as an object (source).
In this case POST may be better than GET anyways.
If you were using $_GET in your php file you will need to use either $_REQUEST or $_POST.

you have to encode your message before sending using encodeURIComponent() and decode on server-site using urldecode().
doing this will escape/encode special characters that aren't allowed in an url or that will break your query-string otherwise (like a & in your message that would otherwise start a new argument).

You can use either escape, encodeURI or encodeURIComponent, but escape is the only method supported by every browser, although most modern browsers support the latter.
Reference
Take a look at this document, which does a good job of explaining all three.

The space could be causing an issue - try javascript's encodeURIComponent():
var msg = encodeURIComponent($("#newmessage").val());
var user = encodeURIComponent($("#userchat").val());

Making a URL W3C valid AND work in Ajax Request

I have a generic function that returns URLs. (It's a plugin function that returns URLs to resources [images, stylesheets] within a plugin).
I use GET parameters in those URLs.
If I want to use these URLs within a HTML page, to pass W3C validation, I need to mask ampersands as &
/plugin.php?plugin=xyz&resource=stylesheet&....
but, if I want to use the URL as the "url" parameter for a AJAX call, the ampersand is not interpreted correctly, screwing up my calls.
Can I do something get & work in AJAX calls?
I would very much like to avoid adding parameters to th URL generating function (intendedUse="ajax" or whatever) or manipulating the URL in Javascript, as this plugin model will be re-used many times (and possibly by many people) and I want it as simple as possible.

It seems to me that you're running into the problem of having one piece of your application cross multiple layers. In this case it's the plugin.
A URL as specified by RFC 1738 states that a URL should use a & token to separate key/value pairs from one another. However ampersand is a reserved token in HTML and therefore should be escaped into &. Since escaping the ampersands is an artifact of HTML, your plugin should probably not be escaping them directly. Instead you should have a function or something that escapes a canonical URL so that it can be embedded in HTML markup.

The only place that this is likely to actually happen is if you are:
Using XHTML
Serving it as text/html
Using inline <script>
This is not a happy combination, and the solution is in the spec.
Use external scripts if your script
uses < or & or ]]> or --.
The XHTML media types note includes the same advice, but also provides a workaround if you choose to ignore it.

Try returning JSON instead of just a string, that way your Javascript can read the URL value as an object, and you shouldn't have that issue. Other than that, try simply HTML decoding the string, using something like:
function escapeHTML (str)
{
var div = document.createElement('div');
var text = document.createTextNode(str);
div.appendChild(text);
return div.innerHTML;
};
Obviously you'll want to make sure you remove any reference to DOM elements you might create (which I've not done here to simplify the example).
I use this technique in the AJAX sites I create at my work and have used it many times to solve this problem.

When you have markup of the form:
<a href="?a=1&b=2">
Then the value of the href attribute is ?a=1&b=2. The & is only an escape sequence in HTML/XML and doesn't affect the value of the attribute. This is similar to:
<a href="<>">
Where the value of the attribute is <>.
If, instead, you have code of the form:
<script>
var s = "?a=1&b=2";
</script>
Then you can use a JavaScript function:
<script>
var amp = String.fromCharCode(38);
var s = "?a=1"+amp+"b=2";
</script>
This allows code that would otherwise only be valid HTML or only valid XHTML to be valid in both. (See Dorwald's comments for more info.)