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Javascript get content of previous element

i've a question about 'this'.
With this i can get the content of actual element, but i want to get the content of previous element.
function deneme2(e){
alert(e.innerHTML);
}
Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/aldimeola1122/247m3xec/
Is there any function to get the content of child or parent element?
How can i achieve that?
Thanks in advance.

You can use previousElementSibling which gives the previous sibling element to the current element.
function deneme2(e){
alert(e.previousElementSibling.innerHTML)
}
DEMO

It isn't realy clear to me if you want the parent-element or the sibbling element. If you want the html of the parent element of e, you can use following code:
function deneme2(e){
alert(e.parentNode.innerHTML);
}
If you want the html of the child-element of e, you can use:
e.children[i].innerHTML
With i being the index of the element.

Check this:
function deneme2(e){
alert($( "#"+ e.id).prev().html());
}
Or try the post of Amit Joki. This is the same, but my post with using JQuery api.
DEMO

jQuery onclick show first parent div

I have an issue with a show of a parent div at onclick.
As here:
$('#click').click(function() {
$(this).parent().closest('div').slideToggle("fast");
});
http://jsfiddle.net/bk1hLoyb/
I need to show the .show div at the li click, and i need to hide the first when i click another.
Someone know's a method?
Thanks so much

Id's should be unique on the page.
$('.click').click(function() {
$('.show').hide();
$(this).find('.show').slideToggle("fast");
});
http://jsfiddle.net/bk1hLoyb/11/

First Id's must be unique so change it for:
<li class="click">
Bye
<div class="show">Hey</div>
</li>
and the code change it for:
$('.click').click(function() {
$(this).find('div').slideToggle("fast");
});
LIVE DEMO

Some suggestions:
remove all duplicate IDs
if you must use a selector on the li elements, use a class
.show is a child of the li that's clicked, so there's no need to use .parent() or .closest().
Code:
$('.click').click(function() {
$('.show', this).slideToggle("fast");
});
DEMO
BONUS
$(elm).find('.selector') is equivalent to $('.selector', elm)
Also written as jQuery( selector [, context ] )
When context is not specified, it is assumed to be document
Thus $(elm) is equivalent to $(elm, document)

On your "li"s change the id to a class so you can reference multiple divs.
Then on the script looks like this:
$('.click a').click(function() {
var item = $(this);
$(this).parent().siblings().find('.show').slideUp(400,function(){
item.parent().find('.show').slideDown(400);
});
});
See it working on your fiddle (sorry for updating without forking)

Getting ALL First links in a specific class

So I know that using "a:first" will get the first link of a page. Lets assume we have the following:
<div class="masterclass">
Link 1
Link 2
</div>
<div class="masterclass">
Link 1
Link 2
</div>
Naturally I can use the following code to get the first "a" of the class "masterclass"
$('.masterclass a:first').click(function() {
alert('yayfirstlink');
});
However I do not understand how to get the first link of every "masterclass"

You need to use find() here because your selector will find all the anchor elements with in .masterclass then filter only the very first one. But when you use .find(), it will find all the .masterclass elements first then will find the first anchor element in each of them.
$('.masterclass').find('a:first').click(function() {
alert('yayfirstlink');
});
or if you are sure that the target element will be the first child of its parent then you can use :first-child
$('.masterclass a:first-child').click(function() {
alert('yayfirstlink');
});

Try this,
var oFirstAnchor = $(".masterclass a:first-child");

$(".masterclass a:first-child") is what you are looking for.
so:
$('.masterclass a:first-child').click(function() {
alert('yayfirstlink');
});

This is how u loop through each of the masterclass and get the first link of it.
i don't know what you want to do with it though so i can only provide this
$(document).ready(function(){
var fields = $('.masterclass a:first-child');
$.each(fields, function(index, val){
alert(index);
});
});
this alerts the current links array index
http://jsfiddle.net/kBd82/6/

I would recommend using the first of type selector for this.
$('.masterclass a:first-of-type')
This way it will always select the first anchor tag in each masterclass div even if you put other things in the div later.
http://api.jquery.com/first-of-type-selector/

jQuery CSS Selector combined with "this"

I'm trying to figure out if something like this would be possible. We are given that HTML structure
<a href='#' class='anyLink'>
<!-- here goes some content-->
<div class='childElement'><!-- here goes some content--></div>
</a>
I am not able to use ID's because there are many links and it's not defined how many more are to come. So my question is, do you guys know a way where I can do something like this :
$('a').on("click",function(e){
$(this +"div").val(); // for example.
});
I want to select a children element of that anchor that has been clicked or want to get the value of the children element. I also don't have any ID's of the children elements and I am trying to select things via CSS Selectors as td:nth-child(4).
Could anybody tell me if this is possible ?

try
$('a').on("click",function(e){
$("div",this).text(); // for example.
});

$('a').on("click",function(e){
$(this).children("div").eq(0).html();
});

You are looking for a function called .children().
But you can also try something like this:
$('a').on('click', function( e ) {
$('div', this).val(); // Each div child of this element
$(this).children('div'); // Each div child of this element
});

How to clear all <div>s’ contents inside a parent <div>?

I have a div <div id="masterdiv"> which has several child <div>s.
Example:
<div id="masterdiv">
<div id="childdiv1" />
<div id="childdiv2" />
<div id="childdiv3" />
</div>
How to clear the contents of all child <div>s inside the master <div> using jQuery?

jQuery's empty() function does just that:
$('#masterdiv').empty();
clears the master div.
$('#masterdiv div').empty();
clears all the child divs, but leaves the master intact.

jQuery('#masterdiv div').html('');

Use jQuery's CSS selector syntax to select all div elements inside the element with id masterdiv. Then call empty() to clear the contents.
$('#masterdiv div').empty();
Using text('') or html('') will cause some string parsing to take place, which generally is a bad idea when working with the DOM. Try and use DOM manipulation methods that do not involve string representations of DOM objects wherever possible.

I know this is a jQuery related question, but I believe someone might get here expecting a pure Javascript solution. So, if you were trying to do this using js, you could use the innerHTML property and set it to an empty string.
document.getElementById('masterdiv').innerHTML = '';

jQuery recommend you use ".empty()",".remove()",".detach()"
if you needed delete all element in element, use this code :
$('#target_id').empty();
if you needed delete all element, Use this code:
$('#target_id').remove();
i and jQuery group not recommend for use SET FUNCTION like .html() .attr() .text() , what is that? it's IF YOU WANT TO SET ANYTHING YOU NEED
ref :https://learn.jquery.com/using-jquery-core/manipulating-elements/

If all the divs inside that masterdiv needs to be cleared, it this.
$('#masterdiv div').html('');
else, you need to iterate on all the div children of #masterdiv, and check if the id starts with childdiv.
$('#masterdiv div').each(
function(element){
if(element.attr('id').substr(0, 8) == "childdiv")
{
element.html('');
}
}
);

The better way is :
$( ".masterdiv" ).empty();

$("#masterdiv div").text("");

$("#masterdiv > *").text("")
or
$("#masterdiv").children().text("")

$('#div_id').empty();
or
$('.div_class').empty();
Works Fine to remove contents inside a div

You can use .empty() function to clear all the child elements
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#button").click(function () {
//only the content inside of the element will be deleted
$("#masterdiv").empty();
});
});
To see the comparison between jquery .empty(), .hide(), .remove() and .detach() follow here http://www.voidtricks.com/jquery-empty-hide-remove-detach/

When you are appending data into div by id using any service or database, first try it empty, like this:
var json = jsonParse(data.d);
$('#divname').empty();

$("#masterdiv div[id^='childdiv']").each(function(el){$(el).empty();});
or
$("#masterdiv").find("div[id^='childdiv']").each(function(el){$(el).empty();});

try them if it help.
$('.div_parent .div_child').empty();
$('#div_parent #div_child').empty();