This question already has answers here:
How to access the first property of a Javascript object?
(23 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
Let's assume we have the following JavaScript object:
ahash = {"one": [1,2,3], "two": [4,5,6]}
Is there a function that returns the first key name for the given object?
From the example above I want to get one as a result of that function.
In Javascript you can do the following:
Object.keys(ahash)[0];
You can query the content of an object, per its array position.For instance:
let obj = {plainKey: 'plain value'};
let firstKey = Object.keys(obj)[0]; // "plainKey"
let firstValue = Object.values(obj)[0]; // "plain value"
/* or */
let [key, value] = Object.entries(obj)[0]; // ["plainKey", "plain value"]
console.log(key); // "plainKey"
console.log(value); // "plain value"
There's no such thing as the "first" key in a hash (Javascript calls them objects). They are fundamentally unordered. Do you mean just choose any single key:
for (var k in ahash) {
break
}
// k is a key in ahash.
Try this:
for (var firstKey in ahash) break;
alert(firstKey); // 'one'
If you decide to use Underscore.js you better do
_.values(ahash)[0]
to get value, or
_.keys(ahash)[0]
to get key.
With Underscore.js, you could do
_.find( {"one": [1,2,3], "two": [4,5,6]} )
It will return [1,2,3]
I use Lodash for defensive coding reasons.
In particular, there are cases where I do not know if there will or will not be any properties in the object I'm trying to get the key for.
A "fully defensive" approach with Lodash would use both keys as well as get:
const firstKey = _.get(_.keys(ahash), 0);
you can put your elements into an array and hash at the same time.
var value = [1,2,3];
ahash = {"one": value};
array.push(value);
array can be used to get values by their order and hash could be used to get values by their key. just be be carryfull when you remove and add elements.
Related
This question already has answers here:
How to use a variable for a key in a JavaScript object literal?
(16 answers)
Closed 6 months ago.
i am trying to destructure an array and return an object. but the key is not working inside the object. but outside of the object destructuring happening smoothly.
let [key, value] = ["b", 2];
let object = { key: value };
console.log(object); // {key: 2}
console.log(key, value)// b, 2
Bracket notation!
To use a variable as a key in objects...
Because when creating an object, the parser interprets the string in front of : as a key.
The string after the : for sure has to be a variable if it isn't wrapped with quotes to specify a string.
So for the key, it does not know you want to use the variable named like that string.
How to tell it is the brackets use.
let [key, value] = ["b", 2];
let object = { [key]: value }; // Brackets around the key variable
console.log(object); // {"b": 2} As expected...
console.log(key, value)// b, 2
In its most basic form, having an array of objects:
let arr = [
{val:"a"},
{val:"b"}
];
How can destructuring be used, to obtain only the values ['a', 'b'].
getting the first value is easy:
let [{val:res}] = arr; //res contains 'a'
Obtaining all values inside the array can be done with the rest operator:
let [...res] = arr; //res contains all objects
Combining those, I expected to be able to use:
let [...{val:res}] = arr; //undefined, expected all 'val's (['a', 'b'])
The above returns undefined (Tested in FF). Some further testing seems to indicate that adding the rest operator when using an object destructuring as well doesn't use the iteration, but gets back the original object, e.g. let [...{length:res}] = arr; //res= 2. Some other trials, such as let [{val:...res}] = arr; or let [{val}:...res] = arr; produce syntax errors.
It's easy enough to do with other methods, such as using map on the array, but mostly I stumble upon this problem while destructuring multiple levels (an array with objects which have their own property containing an array). Therefore I'm really trying to get around how to do it solely with destructuring.
For convenience: a test fiddle
edit
My apologies if I failed to explain the goal of the question. I'm not looking for a solution to a specific problem, only to find the correct syntax to use when destructuring.
Otherwise formulated, a first question would be: in the example above, why doesn't let [...{val:res}] = arr; return all values (['a', 'b']). The second question would be: what is the proper syntax to use a rest operator with a nested object destructuring? (pretty sure I've gotten some definitions mixed up here). It seems that the latter is not supported, but I haven't come across any documentation that (and why) it wouldn't be.
Why doesn't let [...{val:res}] = arr; return all values (['a', 'b'])?
You seem to confuse the rest syntax with array comprehensions.
If you assign a value to [someElements, ...someExpression], the value is tested to be iterable and then each element generated by the iterator is assigned to the respective someElements variable. If you use the rest syntax in the destructuring expression, an array is created and the iterator is ran till its end while filling the array with the generated values. Then that array is assigned to the someExpression.
All of these assignment targets can be other destructuring expressions (arbitrarily nested and recursively evaluated), or references to variable or properties.
So if you do let [...{val:res}] = arr, it will create an array and fill that with all the values from the iterator of arr:
let {val:res} = Array.from(arr[Symbol.iterator]())
You can see now why that ends up with undefined, and why using something like [...{length:res}] does yield a result. Another example:
let [{val:res1}, ...{length: res2}] = arr;
console.log(res1) // 'a'
console.log(res2) // 1 (length of `[{val: 'b'}]`)
How can destructuring be used to obtain only the values ['a', 'b']?
Not at all. Use the map method.
You can destructure nested objects like this
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment#Nested_object_and_array_destructuring
let arr = [
{val:"a"},
{val:"b"}
];
const [{val: valueOfA}, {val: valueOfB}] = arr
console.log(
valueOfA, valueOfB
)
Beside mapping with a callback for the value
let arr = [{ val: "a" }, { val: "b" }];
console.log(arr.map(o => o.val));
you could use deconstructiong inside of the paramter list and use only the value to return.
let arr = [{ val: "a" }, { val: "b" }];
console.log(arr.map(({val}) => val));
At this point of time you can use both For of loop with ES6 Object destructuring.
let arr = [{val:"a"},{val:"b"}];
for (const item in arr){
const {val} = arr[item];
console.log(val);
}
You can declare assignment target before destructuring assignment; at destructuring target, set values of assignments target indexes by from destructuring source
let arr1 = [{val: "a"}, {val: "b"}];
let arr2 = [{"foo":1,"arr":[{"val":"a"},{"val":"b"}]}
, {"foo":2,"arr":[{"val":"c"},{"val":"d"}]}];
let [res1, res2] = [[], []];
[{val: res1[0]}, {val: res1[1]}] = arr1;
[{arr: [{val:res2[0]}, {val:res2[1]}]}
, {arr: [{val:res2[2]}, {val:res2[3]}]}] = arr2;
console.log(res1, res2);
You can alternatively use rest element at target to collect values at source by including comma operator following object pattern to return value pulled from object
let arr = [{val: "a"}, {val: "b"}];
let [...res] = [({val} = arr[0], val), ({val} = arr[1], val)];
console.log(res)
This question already has answers here:
How do I find an array item with TypeScript? (a modern, easier way)
(5 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
So my question how can I check this array of objects by "key" for eg I want to check if the key 3892 is there, I have tried with indexOf but no luck, I can't use a loop.
You can use some() and hasOwnProperty()
var array = [{3892: 'value'}, {1234: 'value'}];
var check = array.some(obj => obj.hasOwnProperty(3892));
console.log(check)
You can chain Object.keys with Array.prototype.includes to achieve that
Object.keys(myObject).includes(myKey);
const myObject = { name: 'Peter' };
const myKey = 'name';
const result = Object.keys(myObject).includes(myKey);
console.log(`Includes key ${myKey}? `, result);
In its most basic form, having an array of objects:
let arr = [
{val:"a"},
{val:"b"}
];
How can destructuring be used, to obtain only the values ['a', 'b'].
getting the first value is easy:
let [{val:res}] = arr; //res contains 'a'
Obtaining all values inside the array can be done with the rest operator:
let [...res] = arr; //res contains all objects
Combining those, I expected to be able to use:
let [...{val:res}] = arr; //undefined, expected all 'val's (['a', 'b'])
The above returns undefined (Tested in FF). Some further testing seems to indicate that adding the rest operator when using an object destructuring as well doesn't use the iteration, but gets back the original object, e.g. let [...{length:res}] = arr; //res= 2. Some other trials, such as let [{val:...res}] = arr; or let [{val}:...res] = arr; produce syntax errors.
It's easy enough to do with other methods, such as using map on the array, but mostly I stumble upon this problem while destructuring multiple levels (an array with objects which have their own property containing an array). Therefore I'm really trying to get around how to do it solely with destructuring.
For convenience: a test fiddle
edit
My apologies if I failed to explain the goal of the question. I'm not looking for a solution to a specific problem, only to find the correct syntax to use when destructuring.
Otherwise formulated, a first question would be: in the example above, why doesn't let [...{val:res}] = arr; return all values (['a', 'b']). The second question would be: what is the proper syntax to use a rest operator with a nested object destructuring? (pretty sure I've gotten some definitions mixed up here). It seems that the latter is not supported, but I haven't come across any documentation that (and why) it wouldn't be.
Why doesn't let [...{val:res}] = arr; return all values (['a', 'b'])?
You seem to confuse the rest syntax with array comprehensions.
If you assign a value to [someElements, ...someExpression], the value is tested to be iterable and then each element generated by the iterator is assigned to the respective someElements variable. If you use the rest syntax in the destructuring expression, an array is created and the iterator is ran till its end while filling the array with the generated values. Then that array is assigned to the someExpression.
All of these assignment targets can be other destructuring expressions (arbitrarily nested and recursively evaluated), or references to variable or properties.
So if you do let [...{val:res}] = arr, it will create an array and fill that with all the values from the iterator of arr:
let {val:res} = Array.from(arr[Symbol.iterator]())
You can see now why that ends up with undefined, and why using something like [...{length:res}] does yield a result. Another example:
let [{val:res1}, ...{length: res2}] = arr;
console.log(res1) // 'a'
console.log(res2) // 1 (length of `[{val: 'b'}]`)
How can destructuring be used to obtain only the values ['a', 'b']?
Not at all. Use the map method.
You can destructure nested objects like this
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment#Nested_object_and_array_destructuring
let arr = [
{val:"a"},
{val:"b"}
];
const [{val: valueOfA}, {val: valueOfB}] = arr
console.log(
valueOfA, valueOfB
)
Beside mapping with a callback for the value
let arr = [{ val: "a" }, { val: "b" }];
console.log(arr.map(o => o.val));
you could use deconstructiong inside of the paramter list and use only the value to return.
let arr = [{ val: "a" }, { val: "b" }];
console.log(arr.map(({val}) => val));
At this point of time you can use both For of loop with ES6 Object destructuring.
let arr = [{val:"a"},{val:"b"}];
for (const item in arr){
const {val} = arr[item];
console.log(val);
}
You can declare assignment target before destructuring assignment; at destructuring target, set values of assignments target indexes by from destructuring source
let arr1 = [{val: "a"}, {val: "b"}];
let arr2 = [{"foo":1,"arr":[{"val":"a"},{"val":"b"}]}
, {"foo":2,"arr":[{"val":"c"},{"val":"d"}]}];
let [res1, res2] = [[], []];
[{val: res1[0]}, {val: res1[1]}] = arr1;
[{arr: [{val:res2[0]}, {val:res2[1]}]}
, {arr: [{val:res2[2]}, {val:res2[3]}]}] = arr2;
console.log(res1, res2);
You can alternatively use rest element at target to collect values at source by including comma operator following object pattern to return value pulled from object
let arr = [{val: "a"}, {val: "b"}];
let [...res] = [({val} = arr[0], val), ({val} = arr[1], val)];
console.log(res)
This question already has answers here:
Copy array by value
(39 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
I have an array example fruit . I'd like to copy it as array fruits2, without keeping reference.
As in the following example reference is kept so fruits is modified.
var fruit = function (name){
this.name = name;
}
var fruits = [];
fruits.push(new fruit('apple'));
fruits.push(new fruit('banana'));
fruits.push(new fruit('orange'));
var fruits2 = fruits;
fruits2.length = 0;
console.log(fruits);
http://jsfiddle.net/vkdqur82/
Using JSON.stringify and JSON.parse does the trick but the objects in fruits2 are not any longer of type fruit but are of general type object
var temp = JSON.stringify(fruits);
var fruits2 = JSON.parse(temp);
I would like to know an alternative approach which would keep inner object of fruit.
Use slice: var fruits2 = fruits.slice(); should do it.
Your jsFiddle, modified
See also: MDN
**Edit. I was a bit lazy, let's correct my answer to make up for that.
For an Array of just values slice is perfect. For an Array of objects or arrays or a mix of values/objects/arrays, the Array and Object elements of the Array to clone need cloning too. Otherwise they will be references to the original arrays or objects (so: not copies) and a change of one [of these references of arrays or objects] will be reflected in all 'clones' containing a reference to it.
To clone an Array of Arrays/Objects/mixed values Array.map is your friend. There are several methods to think of:
creating a new instance with old data
var fruits1 = fruits.map(function(v) {return new Fruit(v.name);});
using JSON
var fruits2 = fruits.map(function(v) {return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(v));});
create and use some cloning method
var fruits3 = fruits.map(function(v) {return cloneObj(v);});
In case 3, a method for cloning could look like:
function cloneObj(obj) {
function clone(o, curr) {
for (var l in o){
if (o[l] instanceof Object) {
curr[l] = cloneObj(o[l]);
} else {
curr[l] = o[l];
}
}
return curr;
}
return obj instanceof Array
? obj.slice().map( function (v) { return cloneObj(v); } )
: obj instanceof Object
? clone(obj, {})
: obj;
}
Using this cloneObj method, Array.map is obsolete.
You can also use var fruitsx = cloneObj(fruits);
The jsFiddle from the link above is modified to demonstrate these methods.
For Array.map, see again MDN
slice can do the trick.
You can also use .map but .slice is normally faster.
var copy = fruits.map(function(item) {return item});
Hope it helps
You can declare a new array and use concat method, so that you concat all values from your array to the new array. Something like this:
var x = ["a","b"];
var a = [];
a = a.concat(x);
console.log(a);
I edited my poor answer.
Best regards.