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Updating a simple jQuery / CSS code

I was hoping someone could help me out with this simple question: I’ve just started to learn jQuery and found a code to show hidden text after selecting an item.
I’d like to update it so that:
a.) The selected item is bold
b.) I can add placeholder text instead of starting off with a blank hidden text field
I foolishly assumed I could solve a.) by using the :active property in css, but that only works as long as the link is clicked on. (As soon as you release the mouse button it’s gone.) Just like b.), this is probably only possible by using jQuery as well? If so, would be really great if you could show me how to solve it. :)
The codes: http://jsfiddle.net/KUtY5/1/
JS
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#nav a").click(function(){
var id = $(this).attr('id');
id = id.split('_');
$("#menu_container div").hide();
$("#menu_container #menu_"+id[1]).show();
});
});
CSS
#menu_container {
width: 650px;
height: auto;
padding-left: 30px;
}
#menu_container div {
display:none;
}
HTML
<div id='nav'>
<a id="show_apps">Appetizers</a> | <a id="show_soups">Soups and Salads</a> | <a id="show_entrees">Entrees</a>
</div>
<div id="menu_container">
<div id="menu_apps">
Content of the App Section Here
</div>
<div id="menu_soups">
Content of the Soups Section Here
</div>
<div id="menu_entrees">
Content of the Entrees Section Here
</div>
</div>

Updated fiddle
You can realize a) using a custom class bold for example and the following code :
CSS
.bold{ font-weight: bold;}
JS
$(this).addClass('bold').siblings('a').removeClass('bold');
For b) I can't find any textfield in your code.
Hope this helps.

I have added some extra lines to your code and you can check it from here http://jsfiddle.net/KUtY5/483/.
You bold like this
$("#nav a").css("font-weight", 400); // First you make them thin
$(this).css("font-weight", 800); // Than you make them bold
You put placeholder like this
<div id="placeholder">
Placeholder
</div>
$("#placeholder").hide();
On the other hand I recommend you not to hide menu container. Rather hide the elements inside the menu_container. So you can put a plcaeholder in menu container and you can hide it.

To figure this out 2 questions must be asked / solved
how do you normally make text bold on a page... css right?
where do you want those styles to be defined? There are 2 places:
a. You can define it inside the javascript.
b. You can define it inside the projects css through normal methods (inline, external, embedded).
What's the difference? If you define it inside the javascript the code is self-contained. What i mean by that is you can copy/paste the JS code from one project to the next and you don't need to worry about copying related styles from the stylesheets or other sources because it's all in the JQuery that you've written.
In contrast if you define it outside the javascript in the regular places the code may not be self-contained however some find it easier to manage in the scope of that particular project because all your css is contained in one place (external stylesheet typically).
If you want to take option a, see the .css() method
If you want to take option b, see the style manipulation (toggle class in particular)
Note the examples in the above references should get you 90% of the way to understanding it.
Some final words. Learn Jquery, but i advise you to stay away from it as much as possible because it implements DOM thrashing instead of DOM caching (sizzle engine).
This video series will briefly go into why Jquery sucks for performance in the first video and the rest of the series is about how to create modular vanilla JS.
JQuery goes back and searches the DOM every time you need to make a change that is what
$.(*element*) is doing instead of just caching it.
The more nodes you have in the DOM the more processing power is used searching (because it has to go through the entire tree).
Then on top of that the more elements you have to make changes to (say if you use a css class selector) you have to add even more processing on top of that.
All this is fine if you're on a desktop, but what about a mobile platform? Where would you get all this processing power from?... It doesn't exist.

Current menu item

I've been trying every single tutorial I found online and none seems to work for me.
I've got these buttons:
<a href='faq.php'><div class='button'>
<div class='button_top'>
</div>
<div class='button_bot'>
FAQ
</div></a>
http://jsfiddle.net/6G8bk/
and I'd like that the top of the button would stay highlighted if the page url is same as href of the button.
Ty for any answers in advance!
Here's the fixed jsfiddle with jquery I tried but still won't work: http://jsfiddle.net/6G8bk/4/

A few things:
In your jQuery, you're trying to select all <a> elements that have a parent class of button, and according to your HTML you do not have (the button class is a child of the <a> element).
The page's URL won't work in JSFiddle because it will get the JSFiddle link, which will be different from the one on your website.
Since you want button_top to be visible on hover, you'll need to use JavaScript. As fas as I know, you can't manipulate another element on hover with pure CSS.
Here is a working Fiddle of what I think you want. I've left comments in the code that might help you.
http://jsfiddle.net/6G8bk/6/

You can retrieve the current url page by using $_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"] and comparing it to each element of the menu.
If it match, you put another class in the menu element with CSS rules to have the layout you want.

img tag within title attribute

I have read this question: How to add image tag inside title attribute of an anchor tag? and got only one answer: "imposible". However, I saw they can do it in this page: http://truyen.vnsharing.net/Nhom/GoldenSun---yurivn-net
I viewed the page's source and got:
<a href="/Truyen/Citrus-Saburo-Uta?id=7048" title='
<img width="120" height="165" src="http://truyen4.vnsharing.net/Uploads4/Etc/5-1-2013/12456468861citrus_ch01_02-03.jpg" style="float: left; padding-right: 10px" />
<div style="float: left; width: 300px">
<a class="bigChar" href="/Truyen/Citrus-Saburo-Uta">Citrus (Saburouta)</a>
<p>
Nhân vật chính Yuzuko, ngay ngày đầu tiên chuyển trường đã đụng mặt và không mấy cảm tình với Mei - hội trưởng hội học sinh ở trường mới, trong ...
</p>
</div>'>
Citrus (Saburouta)</a>
but the image was not displayed when I put those html code on my website. So how could they do that? Are they using some js script, or something like that?

As other have mentioned you cannot place HTML content inside of "title" attribute - it has to be something custom.
For pure CSS solution (that does not involve JavaScript and mouse-over events) you can place the DIV with tooltip content next to your link, set its style to "display: none" and give your anchors style like
a:hover + div {
display: block !important
}
this will select DIV adjuncted to link and make it visible, but only when you hover over link. You can make it more granular by targeting specific links instead of all of them as the code above.
Here is the demo: http://jsfiddle.net/4WZvL/

To quote the accepted answer to the question you linked to
You need to use custom tooltip look-a-like effect with IMG insdie DIV and on mouseHover event.
They use a custom tooltip look-a-like effect.

The image tag in that title attribute is encoded. Given this, you can place any string you want in the title tag of an anchor, it doesn't mean it's a good idea at all though. You can use javascript to pull the proper image url from any data attribute you set and achieve the same effect so long as you know how to use that url in a logical way. At least that way you would be following some kind of standard and not just abusing the intention of html standards to pull off some fancy tricks.
Juhana answered your question. But to extend the notion, you can easily use data attributes, id's, and classes to set hidden or otherwise referenced html elements for whatever you need. You can hide elements with css and then unhide them with javascript if the desired effect is to pop up that block with the images from the link you provided.
Someone may provide an example if you specify your exact needs and show what you have tried to solve it yourself.

That HTML isn't valid, and although it might be possible it doesn't mean you should do it. Some browsers probably won't display the image correctly.
Use one of the thousands of Javascript tooltip plugins instead. Here's loads for jQuery: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=jquery+tooltip+plugin

Expand/Collapse Text

The code below works fine with ONE Reveal/Hide Text process
<div class="reveal">Click Here to READ MORE...</div>
<div style="display:none;">
<div class="collapse" style="display:none;">Collapse Text</div>
However if this code is duplicated multiple times, the Collapse Text shows up and doesn't disappear and in fact conflicts with the Expand to reveal even more text instead of collapsing as it should.
In this http://jsfiddle.net/syEM3/4/ click on any of the Click Here to READ MORE...
Notice how the Collapse Text shows up at the bottom of the paragraphs and doesn't disappear. Click on the Collapse and it reveal more text.
How do I prevent this and getting to work as it should?

The two slideDown function calls are not specific to the .reveal and/or .collapse that you are currently doing. i.e.
$(".collapse").slideDown(100);
will find all the elements with the class .collapse on the page, and slide them down. irrespective of what element you just clicked.
I would change the slideDown call to be relavant to the element you just clicked i.e. something like this
$('.reveal').click(function() {
$(this).slideUp(100);
$(this).next().slideToggle();
$(this).next().next(".collapse").slideToggle(100);
});

in your code
$('.reveal').click(function() {
$(this).slideUp(100);
$(this).next().slideToggle();
$(".collapse").slideDown(100);
});
$('.collapse').click(function() {
$(this).slideUp(100);
$(this).prev().slideToggle();
$(".reveal").slideDown(100);
});
this two rows doesn’t do what you want as they act on all elements of the specified class
$(".reveal").slideDown(100);
$(".collapse").slideDown(100);

When you do $(".collapse").slideDown(100);, jQuery runs slideDown on everything with the .collapse class, not just the one that's related to your current this. To fix this, refer to the collapse based on its location to $(this).
Do do this, use something like $(this).siblings(".collapse").slideDown(100);
Note that this particular selector will only work if you enclose each text block in its own div. With each text element in its own div, like you have it now, .siblings(".collapse"), which selects all the siblings of $(this) with the collapse class, will still select both of the collapse elements.

Okay, I think you should take a different approach to your problem.
See, jQuery basically has two purposes:
Selecting one or more DOM elements from your HTML page
manipulate the selected elements in some way
This can be repeated multiple times, since jQuery functions are chainable (this means you can call function after function after function...).
If I understood your problem correctly, you are trying to build a list of blog posts and only display teasers of them.
After the user clicks the "read more" button, the complete article gets expanded.
Keep in mind: jQuery selects your elements very much like CSS would do. This makes it extremely easy to
come up with a query for certain elements, but you need to structure your HTML in a good way, like
you would do for formatting reasons.
So I suggest you should use this basic markup for each of your articles (heads up, HTML5 at work!):
<article class="article">
<section class="teaser">
Hey, I am a incredible teaser text! I just introduce you to the article.
</section>
<section class="full">
I am the articles body text. You should not see me initially.
</section>
</article>
You can replace the article and section elements with div elements if you like to.
And here is the CSS for this markup:
/* In case you want to display multiple articles underneath, separate them a bit */
.article{
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
/* we want the teaser to stand out a bit, so we format it bold */
.teaser{
font-weight: bold;
}
/* The article body should be a bit separated from the teaser */
.full{
padding-top: 10px;
}
/* This class is used to hide elements */
.hidden{
display: none;
}
The way we created the markup and CSS allows us to put multiple articles underneath.
Okay, you may have noticed: I completely omitted any "read more" or "collapse" buttons. This is done by intention.
If somebody visits the blog site with javascript disabled (maybe a search engine, or a old mobile which doesn't support JS or whatever),
the logic would be broken. Also, many text-snippets like "read more" and "collapse" are not relevant if they don't actually do anything and are not part of the article.
Initially, no article body is hidden, since we didn't apply the hidden css class anywhere. If we would
have embedded it in the HTML and someone really has no JavaScript, he would be unable to read anything.
Adding some jQuery magic
At the bottom of the page, we are embedding the jQuery library from the google CDN.
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
This is a best practice and will normally speed up your page loading time. Since MANY websites are embedding
jQuery through this URL, chances are high that its already in the visitors browser cache and doesn't have
to be downloaded another time.
Notice that the http: at the beginning of the URL is omitted. This causes browsers to use the pages current protocol,
may it be http or https. If you would try and embed the jQuery lib via http protocol on a https website, some browsers will refuse to download the file from a unsecure connection.
After you included jQuery into the page, we are going to add our logic into a script tag. Normally we would
save the logic into a separate file (again caching and what not all), but this time a script block will do fine.
Finally some JavaScript
At first, we want to hide all elements with the css-class full, since only teasers should remain displayed. This is very easy with jQuery:
$('.full').hide();
The beginning of the script $('.full') tells jQuery: I need all elements with the CSS-class full. Then we call a function on that result, namingly hide() which purpose should be clear.
Okay, in the next step, we want to add some "read more" buttons, next to every teaser. Thats an easy task, too:
$('.teaser').after('<button class="more">Read more</button>');
We now select every element with the css-class teaser and append some HTML code after() each element - a button with the css-class more.
In the next step, we tell jQuery to observe clicks on every one of this freshly created buttons. When a user has clicked, we want to expand the next element with the css-class full after the clicked button.
$('.more').on('click', function(){
//"this" is a reference to the button element!
$(this).slideUp().next('.full').slideDown();
});
Phew, what did we do here?
First, we told jQuery that we wanted to manipulate this, which is a reference to the clicked button. Then we told
jQuery to hide that button (since its not needed anymore) slowly with slideUp().
We immediately continued telling jQuery what to do: Now take the next() element (with the css-class full) and make it visible by sliding it down with slideDown().
Thats the power of jQuerys chaining!
Hiding again
But wait, you wanted to be able to collapse the articles again! So we need a "collapse" button, too and
some more JavaScript:
$('.full').append('<button class="collapse">Collapse text</button>');
Note: we didn't use the after() function to add this button, but the append() function to place the button
INSIDE every element with the css-class full, rather than next to it. This is because we want the
collapse buttons to be hidden with the full texts, too.
Now we need to have some action when the user clicks one of those buttons, too:
$('.collapse').on('click', function(){
$(this).parent().slideUp().prev('.more').slideDown();
});
Now, this was easy: We start with the button element, move the focus to its parent() (which is the element that contains the full text) and tell jQuery to hide that element by sliding it up with slideUp().
Then we move the focus from the full-text container to its previous element with the css-class more, which is its expanding button that has been hidden when expanding the text. We slowly show that button again by calling slideDown().
Thats it :)
I've uploaded my example on jsBin.

Show/Hide On Click

I have one area of space and two body's of text to show. I have two "hyperlinks" above this area and would like to use those to show/hide the text below. Upon first loading the page, nothing will be showing except for the two links. When you click one link it shows the body of text. When you click the other link it will hide the previous body of text and show the new text. There are only two hyperlinks, but I would like for the user to be able to toggle back and forth at their convenience. Is this possible? Previously I was using javascript to unhide the text because they were in two different areas. I am not too experienced with writing code. I have found some other answers on this topic useful but most of them use buttons and on click listeners. Is there a way to do this using a hyperlink? Code examples are very much appreciated!

You could define a class in CSS that says "Don't show the text in here" then use JS from the hyperlink click to switch the class of the element?
so your html will contain:
<a onclick="showText('text1','text2')" href="javascript:void(0);">Show Text 1</a>
<div id="text1" class="hide"> text1 </div>
<a onclick="showText('text2','text1')" href="javascript:void(0);">Show Text 2</a>
<div id="text2" class="hide"> text2 </div>
Your CSS would contain:
div.hide { display:none; [your properties]; }
div.show { [your properties]; }
and the your JS would look something like this:
function showText(show,hide)
{
document.getElementById(show).className = "show";
document.getElementById(hide).className = "hide";
}
Does this help at all?

<a id="myLink" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:myLinkButtonClick();"> </a>
in javascript you can do this if you use jQuery:
function myLinkButtonClick()
{
$("#myDiv").hide();
}
or
function myLinkButtonClick()
{
$("#myDiv").show();
}
Alternatively you can do .toggle
function myLinkButtonClick()
{
$("#myDiv").toggle();
}

Many will agree that using anchor tags to execute Javascript (and do nothing else) is a little on the messy side, since, among other things, it generates a hash tag in the address bar which can confuse users. That isn't to say that they don't have their place in JS execution.
It is very possible to achieve this however. Here is one possible solution:
Link1
Link2
<div id="div1">Text1</div>
<div id="div2" style="display:none;">Text2</div>
<script>
var currentDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
function show(divID) {
var div = document.getElementById(divID);
currentDiv.style.display = "none";
div.style.display = "block";
currentDiv = div;
}
</script>
The script tag defines a variable and a function: currentDiv, which references the currently displayed div element and a show function, which is used for hiding the currently displayed div and showing a new one.
The anchor tags at the top, when clicked, call the show function, replacing the currently shown element with the one the anchor tag specifies.
In order to get elements to show/hide, the code changes the element's CSS display attribute. A value of block shows the div element, and a value of none hides it. The second div has its display property set to none when the page loads. Javascript will change this attribute when a link is clicked.
No, you do not need JQuery to do this, but it can help.

There's a nice jQuery script that does something along these lines, have a look to see if it's any good for you:
http://api.jquery.com/slideToggle/

This is possible, but a more user friendly way of doing this would be with something like jquery tabs. It's very easy to do it with jquery UI's tab feature, it's all HTML markup with a script that just runs .tabs(); as the function on the ID of the tab element.
Here is a link: Jquery Tabs

Tabs would be the best way to do this. There's plenty of tutorials around for jQuery tabs - here's a fairly basic one which outlines the concepts pretty well, and here's a more advanced one (which goes into using CSS to generate rounded corners on tabs).