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HTML events changing input text, not incrementally

I have an input field with type="number". After this value is changed the page will perform validation and if failed it will show a bunch of information to the visitor.
So this validation should only be done when:
Pasting something into the box
Typing in the box and then pressing tab to select another input
Typing in the box and then clicking outside the box
Pressing enter (which performs a click on the submit button)
Clicking increment and decrement buttons
And not when:
Typing a single digit (as the input is not complete)
Are there HTML events available for this requirement?

I think what you might be looking for is the onblur or focusout event. It fires when the element will be out of focus. Basically, the opposite of onfocus.
<input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" onblur="myFunction()">
You may want to use it in combination with other events (onclick) which you require for the submit button.

let input = document.querySelector("input")
input.onchange = function () {
alert("changed")
}
<input type="number">

Did you actually try the event .onchange / addEventListener('change',{}) or in your case, since you are asking for an html-inline-solution: input onchange="yourFunc()"? It sounds like that's pretty much what you want.
(.onchange won't trigger as long as you are just typing).
Here's a very simple demo to stress the behaviour of .onchange:
as you will see, it fulfills most of your needs:
Typing in the box and then pressing tab to select another input
Typing in the box and then clicking outside the box
Pressing enter (which performs a click on the submit button)
Clicking increment and decrement buttons
The only thing missing is triggering the event upon pasting smth in it, but the user can just press enter, click elsewhere, tab etc. to fire your function.
function fire(){
console.log("changed");
}
<input type="number" onchange="fire()">
<button>a non-functional button to focus on</button>

Blur event not firing on <label> - can't find workaround for dealing with hide-on-blur <input> text field

TL;DR how can I get this self-explanatory JSFiddle to work?
From the W3C:
The blur event occurs when an element loses focus either via the pointing device or by tabbing navigation. This event is valid for the following elements: LABEL, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, and BUTTON.
The basic idea, HTML:
<form>
<label>
<input type="text" />
after focusing in input, there should be no blur when clicking here
</label>
</form>
but blur should fire when clicking here
And JS:
$("form, label").on("blur", function() {
alert("you're not going to see this");
});
It doesn't work. A more illustrative example is in this JSFiddle.
I also tried focusout, with this JSFiddle, but (presumably because it bubbles up from the input), it always fires.
I could probably rig up what I need with a hack like this: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5049387/458614 but I'd rather not have to.
Edit: There are lots of related questions and I have read all that I could find, none of which help. Some talk about setting tabindex=0 on the form or label elements. I have tried this in various permutations but it doesn't help. JSFiddle here. If you put it on the form, blur events do fire when you click outside the form. However, it doesn't apply to any of it's children: it won't pick up anything if you click on the input and then outside the form.
Edit 2: I don't really understand some of the answers posted so far and none seem to really... work. Anyway, to clarify, here is what I am trying to accomplish:
In my app, you can add tags to documents. When you click the "add tag" button, a previously-hidden text input field pops up and is focused. And then...
Clicking outside (on blur) should close the text input field again
Pressing enter should add the tag and close the input field
Clicking the "add tag" button should also add the tag and close the input field
The problem is that #1 and #3 are incompatible. The "add tag" button needs to perform a different action based on whether the text field is open or closed, but because I can only achieve #1 with an onblur event on the text field, the text field is closed by the time any action happens on the "add tag" button for #3.
Here is a JSFiddle with my best attempt so far.

The thing I think you are looking for is
e.stopPropagation();
This Fiddle here shows a little different way to handle it ... it put the hide on a window click (which would blur the input anyways) except on the label, which it would allow the click event to stop inside the label.
Happy coding!

use the below code to achieve the desired
$(document).on("blur", "label",function() {
$("div").append("form or label blurred<br>");
});
Here is the demo Fiddle

Try this it should work
.focus {
border-color:red;
}
$(document).ready(function() {
$('input').blur(function(){
$('input').removeClass("focus");
})
.focus(function() {
$(this).addClass("focus")
});
});

Add this piece of js in your Fiddle. you added listener for label but blur happens on anchor tag.
$("form a").on("blur", function() {
$("div").append("form or label blurred<br>");
});

according to your explanation i have create a demo
$("form > label >a").on("blur", function() {
return false
});
$("#outsideform > a").on("blur", function() {
alert("but blur should fire when clicking here");
});
Check the Demo here

For a while, I am posting an intermediate development. But this definitely will help you where exactly you should look for. The jquery implementation but not your javascript.
This is the real concern.
I have added 3 lines at different places. no big changes.
Added an || $("input").css("visibility") == "visible" to the if
condition
Added $("input").css("visibility","hidden"); to the inner else condition
$("input").css("visibility","visible"); to the outer (and last) else condition.
Please note this is intermediate, you need to click twice after a submit of non-empty text.
If I get time, I would post the correct working thing.
This is the fiddle.

tobek, your JSFiddle with my best attempt so far is almost there. The problem is your selector at the bottom in this section of code:
$("input").on("blur", function(){
$("input").hide();
});
You stated the problem correctly in your comments when you said: "THE PROBLEM: we never get in here because it's already been hidden because the input blurred".
Change the above section to this and I think you'll have what you're looking for.
$("input-blur label").on("blur", function(){
$("input").hide();
});
Because the "Add tag" link is inside the label clicking it doesn't trigger your "blur" function.

Unselect a Select Input

I have a "select" input that is programmed to open up a modal box when clicked to get some information before proceeding. That part all works great.
The problem is that once the modal box is up, the select dropdown options are all still visible. I want that select input to go back to being a normal, not clicked on at all, select box.
What javascript or jquery code can I use to make that select dropdown clear away?

I think it is more correct to move handler from click to change. In this case select will be close and keyboard changes also will be processed

Try using this instead:
$('#mySelect').focus(function(event){
event.preventDefault();
// code here
});
If that does't work, try using the preventDefault() with the click event.
The focus will at least allows users navigating fields with the keyboard (tab, etc) instead of the mouse.

Prior to jQuery 1.6
$('#mySelectBox :selected').attr('selected', '');
jQuery 1.6 and higher
$('#mySelectBox :selected').removeProp('selected', '');

I'm not sure that you can do it with standard select tag. Maybe because it still has focus. What I did when I needed a customized select tag is to avoid the select tag completely and use a button which graphically looks like the select button. Look at this page - look at the TAX button and the button to the left of it. There is no select tag, but it works great.

use an href to click a checkbox to fire an event

I have some code that looks like this:
$('#clearSelections').click(function(e) {
$("#isAcheckbox").removeAttr("checked");
redrawTableofListings();
});
clear selections
<input type="checkbox" id="isAcheckbox" checked>
// when the user clicks on the checkbox, doSomeThing happens.
basically, when the user clicks on the href, i want to use jquery to make the href handle the checkbox the same way as though the user just put a check in the checkbox.
Does this make sense? When I use "removeAttr" it just removes the checkbox, and doesen't redraw the form.
Thanks in advance! and be safe with fireworks this weekend!

It seems you always want to deselect the checkbox when the link is clicked (at least this is what I infer by the text clear selections). Then this will do it:
$('#clearSelections').click(function(e) {
e.preventDefault(); // don't follow the link
$("#isAcheckbox").prop("checked", false);
redrawTableofListings();
});
DEMO

Use
$("#isAcheckbox").trigger('click');

Enter triggers button click

I have a page with two buttons. One is a <button> element and the other is a <input type="submit">. The buttons appear on the page in that order. If I'm in a text field anywhere in the form and press <Enter>, the button element's click event is triggered. I assume that's because the button element sits first.
I can't find anything that looks like a reliable way of setting the default button, nor do I necessarily want to at this point. In the absence of anything better, I've captured a keypress anywhere on the form and, if it was the <Enter> key that was pressed, I'm just negating it:
$('form').keypress( function( e ) {
var code = e.keyCode || e.which;
if( code === 13 ) {
e.preventDefault();
return false;
}
})
As far as I can tell so far, it seems to be working, but it feels incredibly ham-fisted.
Does anyone know of a more sophisticated technique for doing this?
Similarly, are there any pitfalls to this solution that I'm just not aware of?
Thanks.

Using
<button type="button">Whatever</button>
should do the trick.
The reason is because a button inside a form has its type implicitly set to submit. As zzzzBoz says, the Spec says that the first button or input with type="submit" is what is triggered in this situation. If you specifically set type="button", then it's removed from consideration by the browser.

It is important to read the HTML specifications to truly understand what behavior is to be expected:
The HTML5 spec explicitly states what happens in implicit submissions:
A form element's default button is the first submit button in tree order whose form owner is that form element.
If the user agent supports letting the user submit a form implicitly (for example, on some platforms hitting the "enter" key while a text field is focused implicitly submits the form), then doing so for a form whose default button has a defined activation behavior must cause the user agent to run synthetic click activation steps on that default button.
This was not made explicit in the HTML4 spec, however browsers have already been implementing what is described in the HTML5 spec (which is why it's included explicitly).
Edit to add:
The simplest answer I can think of is to put your submit button as the first [type="submit"] item in the form, add padding to the bottom of the form with css, and absolutely position the submit button at the bottom where you'd like it.

Where ever you use a <button> element by default it considers that button type="submit" so if you define the button type="button" then it won't consider that <button> as submit button.

I don't think you need javascript or CSS to fix this.
According to the html 5 spec for buttons a button with no type attribute is treated the same as a button with its type set to "submit", i.e. as a button for submitting its containing form. Setting the button's type to "button" should prevent the behaviour you're seeing.
I'm not sure about browser support for this, but the same behaviour was specified in the html 4.01 spec for buttons so I expect it's pretty good.

By pressing 'Enter' on focused <input type="text"> you trigger 'click' event on the first positioned element: <button> or <input type="submit">. If you press 'Enter' in <textarea>, you just make a new text line.
See the example here.
Your code prevents to make a new text line in <textarea>, so you have to catch key press only for <input type="text">.
But why do you need to press Enter in text field? If you want to submit form by pressing 'Enter', but the <button> must stay the first in the layout, just play with the markup: put the <input type="submit"> code before the <button> and use CSS to save the layout you need.
Catching 'Enter' and saving markup:
$('input[type="text"]').keypress(function (e) {
var code = e.keyCode || e.which;
if (code === 13) {
e.preventDefault();
// also submit by pressing Enter:
$("form").submit();
}
});

Pressing enter in a form's text field will, by default, submit the form. If you don't want it to work that way you have to capture the enter key press and consume it like you've done. There is no way around this. It will work this way even if there is no button present in the form.

You can use javascript to block form submission until the appropriate time. A very crude example:
<form onsubmit='return false;' id='frmNoEnterSubmit' action="index.html">
<input type='text' name='txtTest' />
<input type='button' value='Submit'
onclick='document.forms["frmNoEnterSubmit"].onsubmit=""; document.forms["frmNoEnterSubmit"].submit();' />
</form>
Pressing enter will still trigger the form to submit, but the javascript will keep it from actually submitting, until you actually press the button.

Dom example
<button onclick="anotherFoo()"> Add new row</button>
<input type="text" name="xxx" onclick="foo(event)">
javascript
function foo(event){
if(event.which == 13 || event.keyCode == 13) // for crossbrowser
{
event.preventDefault(); // this code prevents other buttons triggers use this
// do stuff
}
}
function anotherFoo(){
// stuffs.
}
if you don't use preventDefault(), other buttons will triggered.

I would do it like the following: In the handler for the onclick event of the button (not submit) check the event object's keycode. If it is "enter" I would return false.

My situation has two Submit buttons within the form element: Update and Delete. The Delete button deletes an image and the Update button updates the database with the text fields in the form.
Because the Delete button was first in the form, it was the default button on Enter key. Not what I wanted. The user would expect to be able to hit Enter after changing some text fields.
I found my answer to setting the default button here:
<form action="/action_page.php" method="get" id="form1">
First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
</form>
<button type="submit" form="form1" value="Submit">Submit</button>
Without using any script, I defined the form that each button belongs to using the <button> form="bla" attribute. I set the Delete button to a form that doesn't exist and set the Update button I wanted to trigger on the Enter key to the form that the user would be in when entering text.
This is the only thing that has worked for me so far.

You can do something like this.
bind your event into a common function and call the event either with keypress or button click.
for example.
function callME(event){
alert('Hi');
}
$('button').on("click",callME);
$('input ').keypress(function(event){
if (event.which == 13) {
callME(event);
}
});

I added a button of type "submit" as first element of the form and made it invisible (width:0;height:0;padding:0;margin:0;border-style:none;font-size:0;). Works like a refresh of the site, i.e. I don't do anything when the button is pressed except that the site is loaded again. For me works fine...