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How do I make an html text input readonly but be able to update with a script?

I have these inputs that take the values of a from a in my table when I click on a row. I want to make it so that the user cannot change the input themselves but want to bring values into them when a user clicks a table row. I will be passing these inputs in as a form. I know that when the input is like this:
that it will not be updated. Is there any other way to do it with an input. Is there a different type of tag I can use that can be passed through a form?

Rather than a read-only <input>, I'd go with a combination of a display element and a hidden form element. Something like:
<div id="my-display">This is a value</div>
<input id="my-input" name="my-input" type="hidden" />
And in the code update both:
$('#my-display').text(yourValue);
$('#my-input').val(yourValue);
You can style the display to the user however you like and don't have to worry about whether or not it "de-activates" the form input.
If you really want it to be an inactive input, you can use the same approach:
<input class="my-input" type="text" disabled />
<input class="my-input" type="hidden" name="my-input" />
Which may even save you a line of code here, since both can now use .val():
$('.my-input').val(yourValue);

Try disabled keyword as here
<div id="my-display">This is a value</div>
<input id="my-input" name="my-input" type="text" disabled/>
You can change the value by javascript as below:
document.querySelector('#my-input').value = 'the value you want to enter by javascript';

jQuery: Make a text input box selected

You know how when you open a new tab, you can start typing without having to select the search bar? I've got a text input box in HTML, and I'd like to be able to open my webpage and have that text input box immediately typeable, for lack of a better term. Say my input box looks like this:
<input type="text" class="myInput" value="add an item"></input>
I'm using HTML, CSS and JavaScript/jQuery right now. What code can I add to make sure the text input box is immediately typeable?

Use autofocus:
<input type="text" class="myInput" value="add an item" autofocus/>
From the input documentation on MDN:
This Boolean attribute lets you specify that a form control should have input focus when the page loads, unless the user overrides it (e.g. by typing in a different control). Only one form element in a document can have the autofocus attribute, which is a Boolean. It cannot be applied if the type attribute is set to hidden (that is, you cannot automatically set focus to a hidden control). Note that the focusing of the control may occur before the firing of the DOMContentLoaded event.

<input type="text" class="myInput" value="add an item" autofocus>
https://www.w3schools.com/TAgs/att_input_autofocus.asp

in html use autofocus, in jquery use $('.myInput').focus()

How to enable HTML elements on submit

I have a checkbox and a few input elements related to this checkbox as shown below
<input name="balanceFeaturesOn" id="balanceFeaturesOn" type="checkbox" disabled="disabled" checked="" />Control
<input name="IntervalDays26566521" type="Text" onclick="" onchange="" value=" 31 ">
<input name="IntervalHours26566521" type="Text" onclick="" onchange="" value=" 12 ">
For some reasons, I will have to keep my checkbox always disabled.
On the submit of above form (Say that the checkbox and inputs are inside a form), in the server code, I want to grab the text inputs based on if the checkbox was checked/unchecked. However since the checkbox is disabled, the request parameter does not contain the balanceFeaturesOn property.
So when I execute the below line:
String[] balanceFeatArr = request.getParameterValues("balanceFeaturesOn");
I am not getting any value...
So my question is how do I be able to get the value of the checkbox while still keeping it disabled on the UI?

Try the following code,
In the form use javascript function to submit the form,
<input type='submit' onclick='javascript:submitMe()' />
Javascript function,
function submitMe(){
$('#balanceFeaturesOn').removeAttr('disabled');
$('#formId').submit(); //Replace with the actual id of the form
}
Make sure you have included jquery library in your code.

Use Hidden Fields.
Hidden fields are similar to text fields, with one very important difference!
The difference is that the hidden field does not show on the page. Therefore the visitor can't type anything into a hidden field, which leads to the purpose of the field:
To submit information that is not entered by the visitor.
http://www.echoecho.com/htmlforms07.htm

prevent button to reset textbox value

I am trying to create mcq question and able to add the question. but the problem appear when i already fill the textbox and when i press the add question button, the textbox value always disappear.
<form name="newdocument">
<div id="questions" data-role="fieldcontain"><input type="text" value="dsa"/></div>
<input type="button" value="Add Question" onclick="AddQuestion();" />
</form>
the javascript code is on http://jsfiddle.net/Xv3Xq/1/

Dont use innerHtml+=, its bad. The stuff you write in an input field will get erased, since its not considered when using innerHtml but rather erased. Use jQuery! Something like:
$('#addQuestion').click(function() {
$('<input />').appendTo($('#questions'));
});

Refresh value in text field with JavaScript/jquery

I have a function that calculate price for a product. I'm not JavaScript developer so my knowledge is very limited.
By changing the value in the text field script calculate price for product.
<input type="text" value="" name="options[22]" class="input-text"
onfocus="opConfig.reloadPrice()">
Problem is that the script triggers only if the following is done:
insert value into the textfield
click somewhere outside the textfield
click back into the text field
All I need is a button saying refresh that by clicking it will have functionality of step 2 and step above.
I'm not sure if I explained it properly so if there is any more information required to resolve this issue please let me know.
Here is the link to the site.
http://www.floorstodoors.mldemo.co.uk/spotlight/oak-value-lacquered-3-strip.html
The field im trying to amend/add refresh button is Enter Square Metre

You'd add your event to a button, and retrieve a reference to your input by assigning an ID:
<input type="text" value="" name="options[22]" id="price" class="input-text" />
<input type="button" value="Refresh" onclick="reloadPrice();" />
function reloadPrice() {
var price = "0.00"; // set your price here
// get a ref to your element and assign value
var elem = document.getElementById("price");
elem.value = price;
}

I'm not sure I fully understand you, but is this what you need?
<input type="text" value="" name="options[22]" class="input-text">
<input type="button" onclick="opConfig.reloadPrice()" value="Refresh" />
A button with an click-event listener, so that when you click the refresh-button the opConfig.reloadPrice() method gets executed.
Edit based on comment:
I'm not sure what JavaScript library you are using, but you have these two lines in you code that seems to add event-listeners to the input with id qty.
$('qty').observe('focus',function(){
$('qty').setValue($('qty').getValue().replace(/[^0-9]/g,''));
});
$('qty').observe('focus',this.getFromQties.bind(this))
They are listening for the focus event, thus only triggers when your input field gains focus.
If you modify those to listen for the keyup event instead, I believe it will work better. Without being familiar with the framework, I guess the only thing to change would be this:
$('qty').observe('keyup',function(){
$('qty').setValue($('qty').getValue().replace(/[^0-9]/g,''));
});
$('qty').observe('keyup',this.getFromQties.bind(this))

Use onchange or onblur instead of onfocus!

use onchange. This will activate anytime the value changes:
<input type="text" value="" name="options[22]" class="input-text" onchange="opConfig.reloadPrice()">

First: this is JavaScript and not Java - so you have to be a javascript and not a java developer.
to solve your problem you can make a new button with a onclick attribute and execute your function there which you have in your onfocus attribute in the text-field.
or you can take another event - like onchange or onblur for instance..
<input type="text" onchange="..yourfunctionhere...">
http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_events.asp

All I need is a button saying refresh that by clicking it will have functionality
For that you need a button with onclick listener,
do the below things.
<input type="button" value="Refresh" onclick="opConfig.reloadPrice();" />
<input type="text" value="" name="options[22]" class="input-text"/>