This question already has answers here:
ES6 Iterate over class methods
(12 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
I have to dynamically fetch the properties and functions of a ES6 class. Is this even possible?
Using a for...in loop, I only get to loop through the properties of a class instance:
class Foo {
constructor() {
this.bar = "hi";
}
someFunc() {
console.log(this.bar);
}
}
var foo = new Foo();
for (var idx in foo) {
console.log(idx);
}
Output:
bar
The members of a class are not enumerable. To get them, you have to use Object.getOwnPropertyNames:
var propertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(foo));
// or
var propertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Foo.prototype);
Of course this won't get inherited methods. There is no method that can give you all of them. You'd have to traverse the prototype chain and get the properties for each prototype individually.
This function will get all functions. Inherited or not, enumerable or not. All functions are included.
function getAllFuncs(toCheck) {
const props = [];
let obj = toCheck;
do {
props.push(...Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj));
} while (obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj));
return props.sort().filter((e, i, arr) => {
if (e!=arr[i+1] && typeof toCheck[e] == 'function') return true;
});
}
Do test
getAllFuncs([1,3]);
console output:
["constructor", "toString", "toLocaleString", "join", "pop", "push", "concat", "reverse", "shift", "unshift", "slice", "splice", "sort", "filter", "forEach", "some", "every", "map", "indexOf", "lastIndexOf", "reduce", "reduceRight", "entries", "keys", "constructor", "toString", "toLocaleString", "valueOf", "hasOwnProperty", "isPrototypeOf", "propertyIsEnumerable", "__defineGetter__", "__lookupGetter__", "__defineSetter__", "__lookupSetter__"]
Note
It doesn't return functions defined via symbols;
ES6 adds Reflection which makes the code to do this a bit cleaner.
function getAllMethodNames(obj) {
let methods = new Set();
while (obj = Reflect.getPrototypeOf(obj)) {
let keys = Reflect.ownKeys(obj)
keys.forEach((k) => methods.add(k));
}
return methods;
}
/// a simple class hierarchy to test getAllMethodNames
// kind of like an abstract base class
class Shape {
constructor() {}
area() {
throw new Error("can't define area for generic shape, use a subclass")
}
}
// Square: a shape with a sideLength property, an area function and getSideLength function
class Square extends Shape {
constructor(sideLength) {
super();
this.sideLength = sideLength;
}
area() {
return this.sideLength * this.sideLength
};
getSideLength() {
return this.sideLength
};
}
// ColoredSquare: a square with a color
class ColoredSquare extends Square {
constructor(sideLength, color) {
super(sideLength);
this.color = color;
}
getColor() {
return this.color
}
}
let temp = new ColoredSquare(2, "red");
let methods = getAllMethodNames(temp);
console.log([...methods]);
There were a few issues in #MuhammadUmer answer for me (symbols, index i+1, listing of Object methods, etc...) so taking inspiration from it, I came up with this
(warning Typescript compiled to ES6)
const getAllMethods = (obj) => {
let props = []
do {
const l = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj)
.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj).map(s => s.toString()))
.sort()
.filter((p, i, arr) =>
typeof obj[p] === 'function' && //only the methods
p !== 'constructor' && //not the constructor
(i == 0 || p !== arr[i - 1]) && //not overriding in this prototype
props.indexOf(p) === -1 //not overridden in a child
)
props = props.concat(l)
}
while (
(obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)) && //walk-up the prototype chain
Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) //not the the Object prototype methods (hasOwnProperty, etc...)
)
return props
}
This function will list all methods of an instance of the class including those inherited, but not the constructor and those of the Object prototype.
Test
The function returns
[ 'asyncMethod',
'echo',
'generatorMethod',
'ping',
'pong',
'anotherEcho' ]
listing the methods of an instance of TestClass (typescript)
class Echo {
echo(data: string): string {
return data
}
anotherEcho(data: string): string {
return `Echo ${data}`
}
}
class TestClass extends Echo {
ping(data: string): string {
if (data === 'ping') {
return 'pong'
}
throw new Error('"ping" was expected !')
}
pong(data: string): string {
if (data === 'pong') {
return 'ping'
}
throw new Error('"pong" was expected !')
}
//overridden echo
echo(data: string): string {
return 'blah'
}
async asyncMethod(): Promise<string> {
return new Promise<string>((resolve: (value?: string) => void, reject: (reason?: any) => void) => {
resolve('blah')
})
}
* generatorMethod(): IterableIterator<string> {
yield 'blah'
}
}
To make members of class enumerable you can use Symbol.iterator
I had to get all allowed methods of object (including inherited). So i created class "Enumerable" and all my base classes inherited from him.
class Enumerable {
constructor() {
// Add this for enumerate ES6 class-methods
var obj = this;
var getProps = function* (object) {
if (object !== Object.prototype) {
for (let name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object)) {
let method = object[name];
// Supposedly you'd like to skip constructor and private methods (start with _ )
if (method instanceof Function && name !== 'constructor' && name[0] !== '_')
yield name;
}
yield* getProps(Object.getPrototypeOf(object));
}
}
this[Symbol.iterator] = function*() {
yield* getProps(obj);
}
// --------------
}
}
Related
I have a Class called Myclass
class Myclass {
constructor(
public title: string,
) { }
}
in the next example, I want to change the result of the spread operation
let myobject = new Myclass('hello');
console.log({...myobject});
result wanted for example
{
new_title_name : 'hello'
}
This cannot be done. The ECMA-262 specification describes only one way a spread operator can work with objects, with no ability to override it.
If you want to change the set of key-value pairs spread out, you need to provide a different object. Such an object can be generated by a function, method or a property:
class Myclass {
get data() {
const result = {};
for (const k in this) {
if (typeof this[k] === 'number')
result[k.toUpperCase()] = this[k];
}
return result;
}
};
const obj = new Myclass();
obj.a = [];
obj.b = null;
obj.c = 13;
obj.d = 'test';
console.info({ ...obj.data });
How do I get a newly constructed class to return null to it's variable if the criteria in the class aren't met as if it's Id isn't there for example.
function myClass(id) {
try {
if(id == null || id == undefined) {
return null
}
} catch(e) {
throw x;
}
}
let myObject = new myClass();
console.log(myObject);
When you use the new keyword before a function, the internal [[Construct]] method of that function is called. It performs some logic such as deciding what to initialize the constructor function's this to, as well as what it should return. The return logic is below:
If result.[[Type]] is return, then
If Type(result.[[Value]])
is Object, return NormalCompletion(result.[[Value]]).
If kind is base, return NormalCompletion(thisArgument).
If result.[[Value]] is not undefined, throw a TypeError
exception.
The above basically says that if the result of calling your function returns an object, then the constructor will return that object, otherwise, if it's not an object (a primitive like null), then it will return the this that was previously initialized. As a result, the constructor will always end up returning an object, so making it result in null is something you can't do.
Alternatively, you could consider adding a "static" method as a property to your constructor function (ie: class):
function MyClass(id) {
this.id = id;
}
MyClass.create = function(id) {
if(id == null || id == undefined) {
return null;
}
var obj = Object.create(MyClass.prototype);
MyClass.apply(obj, arguments);
return obj;
}
var myObject = MyClass.create();
console.log(myObject);
var myObject2 = MyClass.create(1);
console.log(myObject2);
Or with ES6 and class syntax:
class MyClass {
constructor(id) {
this.id = id;
}
static create(...args) {
const [id] = args;
if(id === null || id === undefined) {
return null;
}
return new MyClass(...args);
}
}
const myObject = MyClass.create();
console.log(myObject);
const myObject2 = MyClass.create(1);
console.log(myObject2);
You are alomost there with your solution.
Inside a function check if the passed argument (id) is set. If not return null otherwise return a new instance of the class you want to instantiate.
This is somewhat related to the factory pattern where an interface is used for object creation.
function generateObject(id) {
if(id == null || id == undefined) {
return null;
}
return new Example(id);
}
class Example {
constructor(id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
let myObjectNull = generateObject();
let myObject = generateObject(1);
console.log(myObjectNull);
console.log(myObject);
So with the growth of new frameworks with JavaScript many have adopted ECMAScript 6 shim's or TypeScript, with many new features. My question is this:
How does one iterate over the methods/properties of an ES6 class?
e.g. (with objects)
var obj = {
prop: 'this is a property',
something: 256,
method: function() { console.log('you have invoked a method'); }
}
for (var key in obj) {
console.log(key);
}
// => 'prop'
// => 'something'
// => 'method'
(with classes)
class MyClass {
constructor() {
this.prop = 'prop';
this.something = 256;
}
method() {
console.log('you have invoked a method');
}
}
How do I list the methods MyClass has, and optionally its properties as well?
The constructor and any defined methods are non-enumerable properties of the class's prototype object.
You can therefore get an array of the names (without constructing an instance of the class) with:
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(MyClass.prototype)
You cannot obtain the properties without creating an instance, but having done so you can use the Object.keys function which returns only the enumerable properties of an object:
Object.keys(myInstance)
AFAIK there's no standard way to obtain both the non-enumerable properties from the prototype and the enumerable properties of the instance together.
Yes it is possible
I use an util function that can:
get method names of a not instanciated class
of instanciated class
that recursively gets all method of parent classes
Use it like:
class A {
fn1() { }
}
class B extends A {
fn2() { }
}
const instanciatedB = new B();
console.log(getClassMethodNames(B)) // [ 'fn2' ]
console.log(getClassMethodNames(instanciatedB)) // [ 'fn2', 'fn1' ]
Here is the util function code:
function getClassMethodNames(klass) {
const isGetter = (x, name) => (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(x, name) || {}).get;
const isFunction = (x, name) => typeof x[name] === 'function';
const deepFunctions = x =>
x !== Object.prototype &&
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(x)
.filter(name => isGetter(x, name) || isFunction(x, name))
.concat(deepFunctions(Object.getPrototypeOf(x)) || []);
const distinctDeepFunctions = klass => Array.from(new Set(deepFunctions(klass)));
const allMethods = typeof klass.prototype === "undefined" ? distinctDeepFunctions(klass) : Object.getOwnPropertyNames(B.prototype);
return allMethods.filter(name => name !== 'constructor' && !name.startsWith('__'))
}
There is a way to find the names of the methods only. The following has been tested in nodeJS v10.9.0 with no special flags.
First we inject a new method into Object.
Object.methods = function(klass) {
const properties = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(klass.prototype)
properties.push(...Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(klass.prototype))
return properties.filter(name => {
const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(klass.prototype, name)
if (!descriptor) return false
return 'function' == typeof descriptor.value && name != 'constructor'
})
}
You can see above that it is necessary to specifically exclude the constructor as it is not strictly a method of the class.
Create some class containing a constructor, accessors and methods
class Test {
constructor(x, y) {
this.x = x
this.y = y
}
sum() { return x + y }
distanceFromOrigin() { return Math.sqrt(this.squareX + this.squareY) }
get squareX() { return this.x * this.x }
get squareY() { return this.y * this.y }
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return null // TODO
}
}
Let's see how this works
> console.log(Object.methods(Test))
Array(3) ["sum", "distanceFromOrigin", Symbol(Symbol.iterator)]
I've not tested, still I think that there are 2 ways to do it.
1st one is to return the 'this' enviroment and loop over it.
2nd one is the same as Javascript's object.
Example for 1st one:- (untested)
class MyClass {
constructor() {
this.prop = 'prop';
this.something = 256;
}
method() {
console.log('you have invoked a method');
}
get getthis()
{
return this;
}
}
for( var key in MyClass.getthis )
{
console.log(key);
}
this is the second method:-( untested )
class MyClass {
constructor() {
this.prop = 'prop';
this.something = 256;
}
method() {
console.log('you have invoked a method');
}
}
for( var key in MyClass )
{
console.log(key);
}
I can't seem to find the way to overload the [] operator in javascript. Anyone out there know?
I was thinking on the lines of ...
MyClass.operator.lookup(index)
{
return myArray[index];
}
or am I not looking at the right things.
You can do this with ES6 Proxy (available in all modern browsers)
var handler = {
get: function(target, name) {
return "Hello, " + name;
}
};
var proxy = new Proxy({}, handler);
console.log(proxy.world); // output: Hello, world
console.log(proxy[123]); // output: Hello, 123
Check details on MDN.
You can't overload operators in JavaScript.
It was proposed for ECMAScript 4 but rejected.
I don't think you'll see it anytime soon.
The simple answer is that JavaScript allows access to children of an Object via the square brackets.
So you could define your class:
MyClass = function(){
// Set some defaults that belong to the class via dot syntax or array syntax.
this.some_property = 'my value is a string';
this['another_property'] = 'i am also a string';
this[0] = 1;
};
You will then be able to access the members on any instances of your class with either syntax.
foo = new MyClass();
foo.some_property; // Returns 'my value is a string'
foo['some_property']; // Returns 'my value is a string'
foo.another_property; // Returns 'i am also a string'
foo['another_property']; // Also returns 'i am also a string'
foo.0; // Syntax Error
foo[0]; // Returns 1
foo['0']; // Returns 1
Use a proxy. It was mentioned elsewhere in the answers but I think that this is a better example:
var handler = {
get: function(target, name) {
if (name in target) {
return target[name];
}
if (name == 'length') {
return Infinity;
}
return name * name;
}
};
var p = new Proxy({}, handler);
p[4]; //returns 16, which is the square of 4.
We can proxy get | set methods directly. Inspired by this.
class Foo {
constructor(v) {
this.data = v
return new Proxy(this, {
get: (obj, key) => {
if (typeof(key) === 'string' && (Number.isInteger(Number(key)))) // key is an index
return obj.data[key]
else
return obj[key]
},
set: (obj, key, value) => {
if (typeof(key) === 'string' && (Number.isInteger(Number(key)))) // key is an index
return obj.data[key] = value
else
return obj[key] = value
}
})
}
}
var foo = new Foo([])
foo.data = [0, 0, 0]
foo[0] = 1
console.log(foo[0]) // 1
console.log(foo.data) // [1, 0, 0]
As brackets operator is actually property access operator, you can hook on it with getters and setters. For IE you will have to use Object.defineProperty() instead. Example:
var obj = {
get attr() { alert("Getter called!"); return 1; },
set attr(value) { alert("Setter called!"); return value; }
};
obj.attr = 123;
The same for IE8+:
Object.defineProperty("attr", {
get: function() { alert("Getter called!"); return 1; },
set: function(value) { alert("Setter called!"); return value; }
});
For IE5-7 there's onpropertychange event only, which works for DOM elements, but not for other objects.
The drawback of the method is you can only hook on requests to predefined set of properties, not on arbitrary property without any predefined name.
one sneaky way to do this is by extending the language itself.
step 1
define a custom indexing convention, let's call it, "[]".
var MyClass = function MyClass(n) {
this.myArray = Array.from(Array(n).keys()).map(a => 0);
};
Object.defineProperty(MyClass.prototype, "[]", {
value: function(index) {
return this.myArray[index];
}
});
...
var foo = new MyClass(1024);
console.log(foo["[]"](0));
step 2
define a new eval implementation. (don't do this this way, but it's a proof of concept).
var MyClass = function MyClass(length, defaultValue) {
this.myArray = Array.from(Array(length).keys()).map(a => defaultValue);
};
Object.defineProperty(MyClass.prototype, "[]", {
value: function(index) {
return this.myArray[index];
}
});
var foo = new MyClass(1024, 1337);
console.log(foo["[]"](0));
var mini_eval = function(program) {
var esprima = require("esprima");
var tokens = esprima.tokenize(program);
if (tokens.length == 4) {
var types = tokens.map(a => a.type);
var values = tokens.map(a => a.value);
if (types.join(';').match(/Identifier;Punctuator;[^;]+;Punctuator/)) {
if (values[1] == '[' && values[3] == ']') {
var target = eval(values[0]);
var i = eval(values[2]);
// higher priority than []
if (target.hasOwnProperty('[]')) {
return target['[]'](i);
} else {
return target[i];
}
return eval(values[0])();
} else {
return undefined;
}
} else {
return undefined;
}
} else {
return undefined;
}
};
mini_eval("foo[33]");
the above won't work for more complex indexes but it can be with stronger parsing.
alternative:
instead of resorting to creating your own superset language, you can instead compile your notation to the existing language, then eval it. This reduces the parsing overhead to native after the first time you use it.
var compile = function(program) {
var esprima = require("esprima");
var tokens = esprima.tokenize(program);
if (tokens.length == 4) {
var types = tokens.map(a => a.type);
var values = tokens.map(a => a.value);
if (types.join(';').match(/Identifier;Punctuator;[^;]+;Punctuator/)) {
if (values[1] == '[' && values[3] == ']') {
var target = values[0];
var i = values[2];
// higher priority than []
return `
(${target}['[]'])
? ${target}['[]'](${i})
: ${target}[${i}]`
} else {
return 'undefined';
}
} else {
return 'undefined';
}
} else {
return 'undefined';
}
};
var result = compile("foo[0]");
console.log(result);
console.log(eval(result));
You need to use Proxy as explained, but it can ultimately be integrated into a class constructor
return new Proxy(this, {
set: function( target, name, value ) {
...}};
with 'this'. Then the set and get (also deleteProperty) functions will fire. Although you get a Proxy object which seems different it for the most part works to ask the compare ( target.constructor === MyClass ) it's class type etc. [even though it's a function where target.constructor.name is the class name in text (just noting an example of things that work slightly different.)]
So you're hoping to do something like
var whatever = MyClassInstance[4];
?
If so, simple answer is that Javascript does not currently support operator overloading.
Have a look at Symbol.iterator. You can implement a user-defined ##iterator method to make any object iterable.
The well-known Symbol.iterator symbol specifies the default iterator for an object. Used by for...of.
Example:
class MyClass {
constructor () {
this._array = [data]
}
*[Symbol.iterator] () {
for (let i=0, n=this._array.length; i<n; i++) {
yield this._array[i]
}
}
}
const c = new MyClass()
for (const element of [...c]) {
// do something with element
}
Is there any way to create an array-like object in JavaScript, without using the built-in array? I'm specifically concerned with behavior like this:
var sup = new Array(5);
//sup.length here is 0
sup[0] = 'z3ero';
//sup.length here is 1
sup[1] = 'o3ne';
//sup.length here is 2
sup[4] = 'f3our';
//sup.length here is 5
The particular behavior I'm looking at here is that sup.length changes without any methods being called. I understand from this question that the [] operator is overloaded in the case of arrays, and this accounts for this behavior. Is there a pure-javascript way to duplicate this behavior, or is the language not flexible enough for that?
According to the Mozilla docs, values returned by regex also do funky things with this index. Is this possible with plain javascript?
[] operator is the native way to access to object properties. It is not available in the language to override in order to change its behaviour.
If what you want is return computed values on the [] operator, you cannot do that in JavaScript since the language does not support the concept of computed property. The only solution is to use a method that will work the same as the [] operator.
MyClass.prototype.getItem = function(index)
{
return {
name: 'Item' + index,
value: 2 * index
};
}
If what you want is have the same behaviour as a native Array in your class, it is always possible to use native Array methods directly on your class. Internally, your class will store data just like a native array does but will keep its class state. jQuery does that to make the jQuery class have an array behaviour while retaining its methods.
MyClass.prototype.addItem = function(item)
{
// Will add "item" in "this" as if it was a native array
// it will then be accessible using the [] operator
Array.prototype.push.call(this, item);
}
Yes, you can subclass an array into an arraylike object easily in JavaScript:
var ArrayLike = function() {};
ArrayLike.prototype = [];
ArrayLike.prototype.shuffle = // ... and so on ...
You can then instantiate new array like objects:
var cards = new Arraylike;
cards.push('ace of spades', 'two of spades', 'three of spades', ...
cards.shuffle();
Unfortunately, this does not work in MSIE. It doesn't keep track of the length property. Which rather deflates the whole thing.
The problem in more detail on Dean Edwards' How To Subclass The JavaScript Array Object. It later turned out that his workaround wasn't safe as some popup blockers will prevent it.
Update: It's worth mentioning Juriy "kangax" Zaytsev's absolutely epic post on the subject. It pretty much covers every aspect of this problem.
Now we have ECMAScript 2015 (ECMA-262 6th Edition; ES6), we have proxy objects, and they allow us to implement the Array behaviour in the language itself, something along the lines of:
function FakeArray() {
const target = {};
Object.defineProperties(target, {
"length": {
value: 0,
writable: true
},
[Symbol.iterator]: {
// http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-array.prototype-##iterator
value: () => {
let index = 0;
return {
next: () => ({
done: index >= target.length,
value: target[index++]
})
};
}
}
});
const isArrayIndex = function(p) {
/* an array index is a property such that
ToString(ToUint32(p)) === p and ToUint(p) !== 2^32 - 1 */
const uint = p >>> 0;
const s = uint + "";
return p === s && uint !== 0xffffffff;
};
const p = new Proxy(target, {
set: function(target, property, value, receiver) {
// http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-array-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc
if (property === "length") {
// http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-arraysetlength
const newLen = value >>> 0;
const numberLen = +value;
if (newLen !== numberLen) {
throw RangeError();
}
const oldLen = target.length;
if (newLen >= oldLen) {
target.length = newLen;
return true;
} else {
// this case gets more complex, so it's left as an exercise to the reader
return false; // should be changed when implemented!
}
} else if (isArrayIndex(property)) {
const oldLenDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, "length");
const oldLen = oldLenDesc.value;
const index = property >>> 0;
if (index > oldLen && oldLenDesc.writable === false) {
return false;
}
target[property] = value;
if (index > oldLen) {
target.length = index + 1;
}
return true;
} else {
target[property] = value;
return true;
}
}
});
return p;
}
I can't guarantee this is actually totally correct, and it doesn't handle the case where you alter length to be smaller than its previous value (the behaviour there is a bit complex to get right; roughly it deletes properties so that the length property invariant holds), but it gives a rough outline of how you can implement it. It also doesn't mimic behaviour of [[Call]] and [[Construct]] on Array, which is another thing you couldn't do prior to ES6—it wasn't possible to have divergent behaviour between the two within ES code, though none of that is hard.
This implements the length property in the same way the spec defines it as working: it intercepts assignments to properties on the object, and alters the length property if it is an "array index".
Unlike what one can do with ES5 and getters, this allows one to get length in constant time (obviously, this still depends on the underlying property access in the VM being constant time), and the only case in which it provides non-constant time performance is the not implemented case when newLen - oldLen properties are deleted (and deletion is slow in most VMs!).
Is this what you're looking for?
Thing = function() {};
Thing.prototype.__defineGetter__('length', function() {
var count = 0;
for(property in this) count++;
return count - 1; // don't count 'length' itself!
});
instance = new Thing;
console.log(instance.length); // => 0
instance[0] = {};
console.log(instance.length); // => 1
instance[1] = {};
instance[2] = {};
console.log(instance.length); // => 3
instance[5] = {};
instance.property = {};
instance.property.property = {}; // this shouldn't count
console.log(instance.length); // => 5
The only drawback is that 'length' will get iterated over in for..in loops as if it were a property. Too bad there isn't a way to set property attributes (this is one thing I really wish I could do).
The answer is: there's no way as of now. The array behavior is defined in ECMA-262 as behaving this way, and has explicit algorithms for how to deal with getting and setting of array properties (and not generic object properties). This somewhat dismays me =(.
Mostly you don't need a predefined index-size for arrays in javascript, you can just do:
var sup = []; //Shorthand for an empty array
//sup.length is 0
sup.push(1); //Adds an item to the array (You don't need to keep track of index-sizes)
//sup.length is 1
sup.push(2);
//sup.length is 2
sup.push(4);
//sup.length is 3
//sup is [1, 2, 4]
If you're concerned about performance with your sparse array (though you probably shouldn't be) and wanted to ensure that the structure was only as long as the elements you handed it, you could do this:
var sup = [];
sup['0'] = 'z3ero';
sup['1'] = 'o3ne';
sup['4'] = 'f3our';
//sup now contains 3 entries
Again, it's worth noting that you won't likely see any performance gain by doing this. I suspect that Javascript already handles sparse arrays quite nicely, thank you very much.
You could also create your own length method like:
Array.prototype.mylength = function() {
var result = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
if (this[i] !== undefined) {
result++;
}
}
return result;
}
Interface and implementation
The case is a simple implementation of the original array packaging, you can replace the data structure and refer to the common interface can be implemented.
export type IComparer<T> = (a: T, b: T) => number;
export interface IListBase<T> {
readonly Count: number;
[index: number]: T;
[Symbol.iterator](): IterableIterator<T>;
Add(item: T): void;
Insert(index: number, item: T): void;
Remove(item: T): boolean;
RemoveAt(index: number): void;
Clear(): void;
IndexOf(item: T): number;
Sort(): void;
Sort(compareFn: IComparer<T>): void;
Reverse(): void;
}
export class ListBase<T> implements IListBase<T> {
protected list: T[] = new Array();
[index: number]: T;
get Count(): number {
return this.list.length;
}
[Symbol.iterator](): IterableIterator<T> {
let index = 0;
const next = (): IteratorResult<T> => {
if (index < this.Count) {
return {
value: this[index++],
done: false,
};
} else {
return {
value: undefined,
done: true,
};
}
};
const iterator: IterableIterator<T> = {
next,
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return iterator;
},
};
return iterator;
}
constructor() {
return new Proxy(this, {
get: (target, propKey, receiver) => {
if (typeof propKey === "string" && this.isSafeArrayIndex(propKey)) {
return Reflect.get(this.list, propKey);
}
return Reflect.get(target, propKey, receiver);
},
set: (target, propKey, value, receiver) => {
if (typeof propKey === "string" && this.isSafeArrayIndex(propKey)) {
return Reflect.set(this.list, propKey, value);
}
return Reflect.set(target, propKey, value, receiver);
},
});
}
Reverse(): void {
throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
}
Insert(index: number, item: T): void {
this.list.splice(index, 0, item);
}
Add(item: T): void {
this.list.push(item);
}
Remove(item: T): boolean {
const index = this.IndexOf(item);
if (index >= 0) {
this.RemoveAt(index);
return true;
}
return false;
}
RemoveAt(index: number): void {
if (index >= this.Count) {
throw new RangeError();
}
this.list.splice(index, 1);
}
Clear(): void {
this.list = [];
}
IndexOf(item: T): number {
return this.list.indexOf(item);
}
Sort(): void;
Sort(compareFn: IComparer<T>): void;
Sort(compareFn?: IComparer<T>) {
if (typeof compareFn !== "undefined") {
this.list.sort(compareFn);
}
}
private isSafeArrayIndex(propKey: string): boolean {
const uint = Number.parseInt(propKey, 10);
const s = uint + "";
return propKey === s && uint !== 0xffffffff && uint < this.Count;
}
}
Case
const list = new List<string>(["b", "c", "d"]);
const item = list[0];
Reference
proxy
[Symbol.iterator]()
Sure, you can replicate almost any data structure in JavaScript, all the basic building blocks are there. What you'll end up will be slower and less intuitive however.
But why not just use push/pop ?